Axis leaders of World War II

Japanese propaganda postcard of the Shōwa era showing Adolf Hitler, Fumimaro Konoe and Benito Mussolini, the political leaders of the three main Axis powers in 1938

The Axis leaders of World War II were important political and military figures during World War II. The Axis was established with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in 1936 and pursued a strongly militarist and nationalist ideology; with a policy of anti-communism and anti-socialism. During the early phase of the war, puppet governments were established in their occupied nations. When the war ended, many of them faced trial for war crimes. The chief leaders were Adolf Hitler of Germany, Benito Mussolini of Italy and Emperor Hirohito of Japan. Unlike what happened with the Allies, there was never a joint meeting of the main Axis heads of government, although Mussolini and Hitler did meet on a regular basis.

Kingdom of Bulgaria Kingdom of Bulgaria (1941–1944)

Bogdan Filov

Nazi Germany The Third Reich (Nazi Germany)

Adolf Hitler was the Austrian-born leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party
Heinrich Himmler was Commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Minister of the Interior

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46) Kingdom of Hungary (1940–1945)

Ferenc Szálasi

Iran Imperial State of Iran (1941)

Rezā Shāh

Iraq Kingdom of Iraq (1941)

Faisal II

Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Italy (1940–1943), Italian Social Republic Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)

Empire of Japan Empire of Japan

Hirohito, the Emperor of Japan
Hideki Tojo, Prime Minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944

Kingdom of Romania Kingdom of Romania (1941–1944)

Ion Antonescu

San Marino San Marino (1940–1943)

Finland Finland (1941–1944)

Thailand Kingdom of Thailand (1940–1945)

Plaek Pibulsongkram

Client state and protectorate of Axis

Albania Albanian Kingdom (1939–1940)

Independent State of Croatia Independent State of Croatia (1941–1943)

Ante Pavelić
Philippe Pétain
Jozef Tiso

France French State (1940–1942)

Slovakia Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

Puppet states of Nazi Germany

Leonhard Kaupisch
Vidkun Quisling
Milan Nedić

Denmark Protectorate of Denmark (1940–1945)

Province of Ljubljana (1943–1945)

Norway Norwegian National government (1940–1945)

Government of National Salvation, Serbia (1941–1944)

Puppet states of the Kingdom of Italy

Albania Albanian Kingdom (1940–1943)

Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944) Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1943)

Joint German-Italian puppet states

Greece Hellenic State (1941–1944)

Puppet states of Imperial Japan

Myanmar State of Burma (1943–1945)

Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia (1945)

Taiwan Republic of China-Nanjing (1940–1945)

India Provisional Government of Free India (1943–1945)

Laos Kingdom of Laos (1945)

Manchukuo Great Manchu Empire

Mengjiang Mengjiang United Autonomous Government

Second Philippine Republic Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945)

Vietnam Empire of Vietnam (1945)

See also

References

  1. Daniel Barenblat, A plague upon humanity, 2004, p.37.
  2. Yoshiaki Yoshimi, Dokugasusen Kankei Shiryō II, Kaisetsu(Materials on Poison Gas Warfare), 1997, pp.25–29., Herbert P. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2001
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