Civil parishes in West Yorkshire

A map of West Yorkshire, showing the Metropolitan Boroughs: (1) Leeds; (2) Wakefield; (3) Kirklees; (4) Calderdale; and (5) Bradford.

A civil parish is a subnational entity, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 97 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of West Yorkshire, most of the county being unparished. At the 2001 census, there were 557,369 people living in the 97 parishes, accounting for 26.8 per cent of the county's population.

History

Parishes arose from Church of England divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.[1]

The Highways Act 1555 made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways.[2]

The poor were looked after by the monasteries, until their dissolution. In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the Poor Law Act 1601, which made parishes responsible for administering the Poor Law; overseers were appointed to charge a rate to support the poor of the parish.[3] The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the Poor Law powers were transferred to Poor Law Unions.[4] The Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for Rural Districts.[5]

Parishes were run by vestries, meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,[6] although some townships in large parishes administered the Poor Law themselves; under the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882, all extra-parochial areas and townships that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.[7]

Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the Local Government Act 1894, which abolished vestries; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.[7] Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the Urban District, Municipal Borough or County Borough in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of the Poor Law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.[8]

The Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas, and many former Urban Districts and Municipal Boroughs that were being abolished, were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes became unparished areas.[9]

West Yorkshire showing the former local authorities

The current position

Recent governments have encouraged the formation of town and parish councils in unparished areas, and the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.[10]

A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;[9] and a civil parish can also gain city status, but only if that is granted by the Crown.[9] The chairman of a town or city council is called a mayor.[9] The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 introduced alternative names: a parish council can now choose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.[11]

List of civil parishes and unparished areas

Image Name Status Population District Former local authority Refs
Addingham Civil parish 3,599 Bradford Skipton
Rural District
[12]
[13]
Baildon Civil parish 16,363 Bradford Baildon
Urban District
[14]
[15]
[16]
Bingley Town 15,883 Bradford Bingley
Urban District
[17]
[18]
Bradford Unparished area 248,037 Bradford Bradford
County Borough
[19]
[20]
Burley Civil parish 6,755 Bradford Ilkley
Urban District
[21]
[22]
[23]
Clayton Civil parish 8,270 Bradford Bradford
County Borough
[19]
[24]
[25]
Cullingworth Civil parish 2,759 Bradford Bingley
Urban District
[17]
[13]
Denholme Town 2,976 Bradford Denholme
Urban District
[26]
[13]
Harden Civil parish 1,915 Bradford Bingley
Urban District
[17]
[27]
[16]
Haworth, Cross Roads and Stanbury Civil parish 6,566 Bradford Keighley
Municipal Borough
[28]
[13]
Ilkley Civil parish 13,828 Bradford Ilkley
Urban District
[21]
[29]
Keighley Town 51,429 Bradford Keighley
Municipal Borough
[28]
[13]
[16]
Menston Civil parish 4,371 Bradford Ilkley
Urban District
[21]
[22]
[23]
Oxenhope Civil parish 2,476 Bradford Keighley
Municipal Borough
[28]
[13]
Queensbury Unparished area 9,702 Bradford Queensbury and Shelf
Urban District
[30]
[31]
Sandy Lane Civil parish 2,399 Bradford Bradford
County Borough
[19]
[32]
[25]
Shipley Unparished area 24,741 Bradford Shipley
Urban District
[33]
[34]
Silsden Town 7,999 Bradford Silsden
Urban District
[35]
[13]
Steeton with Eastburn Civil parish 4,277 Bradford Skipton
Rural District
[12]
[13]
Trident Community 17,184 Bradford Bradford
County Borough
[19]
[36]
[37]
Wilsden Civil parish 4,312 Bradford Bingley
Urban District
[17]
[38]
[25]
Wrose Civil parish 6,729 Bradford Shipley
Urban District
[39]
[25]
Blackshaw Civil parish 935 Calderdale Hepton
Rural District
[40]
[41]
Brighouse Unparished area 36,219 Calderdale Brighouse
Municipal Borough
[42]
[43]
Elland Unparished area 19,763 Calderdale Elland
Urban District
[44]
[45]
Erringden Civil parish 194 Calderdale Hepton
Rural District
[40]
[41]
Halifax Unparished area 76,870 Calderdale Halifax
County Borough
[46]
[47]
Hebden Royd Town 9,092 Calderdale Hebden Royd
Urban District
[48]
[41]
Heptonstall Civil parish 1,448 Calderdale Hepton
Rural District
[40]
[41]
Ripponden Civil parish 6,412 Calderdale Ripponden
Urban District
[49]
[41]
Shelf Unparished area 4,821 Calderdale Queensbury and Shelf
Urban District
[30]
[50]
Sowerby Bridge Unparished area 20,254 Calderdale Sowerby Bridge
Urban District
[51]
[52]
Todmorden Town 14,941 Calderdale Todmorden
Municipal Borough
[53]
[41]
Wadsworth Civil parish 1,456 Calderdale Hepton
Rural District
[40]
[41]
Batley Unparished area 47,083 Kirklees Batley
Municipal Borough
[54]
[55]
Colne Valley Unparished area 22,765 Kirklees Colne Valley
Urban District
[56]
[57]
Denby Dale Civil parish 14,982 Kirklees Denby Dale
Urban District
[58]
[59]
Dewsbury Unparished area 51,077 Kirklees Dewsbury
County Borough
[60]
[61]
Heckmondwike Unparished area 10,651 Kirklees Heckmondwike
Urban District
[62]
[63]
Holme Valley Civil parish 25,049 Kirklees Holmfirth
Urban District
[64]
[59]
Huddersfield Unparished area 121,140 Kirklees Huddersfield
County Borough
[65]
[66]
Kirkburton Civil parish 23,986 Kirklees Kirkburton
Urban District
[67]
[59]
Meltham Town 8,089 Kirklees Meltham
Urban District
[68]
[59]
Mirfield Town 18,621 Kirklees Mirfield
Urban District
[69]
[59]
Spenborough Unparished area 45,124 Kirklees Spenborough
Municipal Borough
[70]
[71]
Aberford Civil parish 1,059 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Aireborough Unparished area 32,370 Leeds Aireborough
Urban District
[74]
[75]
Allerton Bywater Civil parish 3,948 Leeds Garforth
Urban District
[76]
[73]
Alwoodley Civil parish 9,129 Leeds Leeds
County Borough
[77]
[78]
[79]
Ardsley East and West Unparished area 15,458 Leeds Morley
Municipal Borough
[80]
[81]
Arthington Civil parish 561 Leeds Wharfedale
Rural District
[82]
[73]
Austhorpe Civil parish 65 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Bardsey cum Rigton Civil parish 2,385 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Barwick in Elmet and Scholes Civil parish 5,120 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Boston Spa Civil parish 4,006 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Bramham cum Oglethorpe Civil parish 1,715 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Bramhope Civil parish 3,400 Leeds Wharfedale
Rural District
[82]
[73]
Carlton Civil parish 169 Leeds Wharfedale
Rural District
[82]
[73]
Clifford Civil parish 1,641 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Collingham Civil parish 2,967 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Drighlington Civil parish 5,147 Leeds Morley
Municipal Borough
[80]
[84]
[85]
East Keswick Civil parish 1,224 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Garforth Unparished area 15,128 Leeds Garforth
Urban District
[76]
[86]
Gildersome Civil parish 5,708 Leeds Morley
Municipal Borough
[80]
[84]
[87]
Great and Little Preston Civil parish 1,449 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Harewood Civil parish 3,854 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Horsforth Town 18,928 Leeds Horsforth
Urban District
[88]
[73]
Kippax Civil parish 10,120 Leeds Garforth
Urban District
[76]
[84]
[89]
Ledsham Civil parish 162 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Ledston Civil parish 400 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Leeds Unparished area 425,093 Leeds Leeds
County Borough
[77]
[90]
Lotherton cum Aberford Civil parish 230 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Micklefield Civil parish 1,852 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Morley Town 27,738 Leeds Morley
Municipal Borough
[80]
[73]
Otley Town 14,124 Leeds Otley
Urban District
[91]
[73]
Parlington Civil parish 87 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Pool Civil parish 1,785 Leeds Wharfedale
Rural District
[82]
[73]
Pudsey Unparished area 45,013 Leeds Pudsey
Municipal Borough
[92]
[93]
Rothwell Unparished area 32,365 Leeds Rothwell
Urban District
[94]
[95]
Scarcroft Civil parish 1,153 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Shadwell Civil parish 1,864 Leeds Leeds
County Borough
[77]
[73]
Sturton Grange Civil parish 417 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Swillington Civil parish 3,530 Leeds Tadcaster
Rural District
[72]
[73]
Thorner Civil parish 1,503 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Thorp Arch Civil parish 1,123 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Walton Civil parish 217 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Wetherby Town 11,155 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Wothersome Civil parish 40 Leeds Wetherby
Rural District
[83]
[73]
Ackworth Civil parish 6,493 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Badsworth Civil parish 583 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Castleford Unparished area 37,302 Wakefield Castleford
Municipal Borough
[98]
[99]
Chevet Civil parish 66 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Crigglestone Civil parish 9,189 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Crofton Civil parish 5,978 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Darrington Civil parish 1,308 Wakefield Osgoldcross
Rural District
[101]
[97]
East Hardwick Civil parish 191 Wakefield Osgoldcross
Rural District
[101]
[97]
Featherstone Town 14,175 Wakefield Featherstone
Urban District
[102]
[97]
Havercroft with Cold Hiendley Civil parish 2,103 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Hemsworth Town 13,311 Wakefield Hemsworth
Urban District
[103]
[97]
Hessle and Hill Top Civil parish 97 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Horbury Unparished area 9,695 Wakefield Horbury
Urban District
[104]
[105]
Huntwick with Foulby and Nostell Civil parish 90 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Knottingley Unparished area 13,503 Wakefield Knottingley
Urban District
[106]
[107]
Newland with Woodhouse Moor Civil parish 0 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Normanton Town 19,949 Wakefield Normanton
Urban District
[108]
[97]
North Elmsall Civil parish 4,093 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Notton Civil parish 880 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Ossett Unparished area 21,076 Wakefield Ossett
Municipal Borough
[109]
[110]
Pontefract Unparished area 28,250 Wakefield Pontefract
Municipal Borough
[111]
[112]
Ryhill Civil parish 2,628 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Sharlston Civil parish 2,756 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Sitlington Civil parish 5,718 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
South Elmsall Town 6,107 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
South Hiendley Civil parish 1,667 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
South Kirkby and Moorthorpe Town 10,979 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Stanley Unparished area 30,776 Wakefield Stanley
Urban District
[113]
[114]
Thorpe Audlin Civil parish 659 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Upton Civil parish 3,541 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Wakefield Unparished area 56,588 Wakefield Wakefield
County Borough
[115]
[116]
Walton Civil parish 3,377 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Warmfield cum Heath Civil parish 844 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
West Bretton Civil parish 546 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
West Hardwick Civil parish 29 Wakefield Hemsworth
Rural District
[96]
[97]
Wintersett Civil parish 50 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]
Woolley Civil parish 575 Wakefield Wakefield
Rural District
[100]
[97]

See also

References

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  17. 1 2 3 4 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bingley Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-01
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  28. 1 2 3 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Keighley Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-01
  29. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ilkley; and Rombalds (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  30. 1 2 a Vision of Britain Through Time : Queensbury and Shelf Urban District Archived October 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-09-02
  31. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Queensbury (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  32. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Heaton (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  33. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Shipley Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-02
  34. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Shipley East (part); and Shipley West wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  35. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Silsden Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-01
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  39. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bolton (part); and Shipley East (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  40. 1 2 3 4 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Hepton Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-02
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Calderdale Retrieved 2009-09-02
  42. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Brighouse Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-02
  43. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Brighouse; Elland (part); Hipperholme and Lightcliffe; Rastrick; and Town (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  44. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Elland Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-02
  45. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Elland (part); and Greetland and Stainland wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  46. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Halifax County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-02
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  48. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Hebden Royd Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-02
  49. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Ripponden Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-02
  50. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Northowram and Shelf (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  51. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Sowerby Bridge Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-02
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  53. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Todmorden Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-02
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  56. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Colne Valley Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
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  58. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Denby Dale Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
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  60. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Dewsbury County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-03
  61. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Batley West (part); Dewsbury East; Dewsbury West (part); and Thornhill wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  62. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Heckmondwike Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
  63. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Heckmondwike (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  64. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Holmfirth Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
  65. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Huddersfield County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-03
  66. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Almondbury; Birkby; Crosland Moor; Dalton (part); Deighton; Golcar (part); Lindley; Newsome; and Paddock wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  67. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Kirkburton Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
  68. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Meltham Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
  69. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Mirfield Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-03
  70. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Spenborough Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-03
  71. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Birstal and Birkinshaw (part); Cleckheaton; Heckmondwike (part); and Spen wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  72. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Tadcaster Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-08
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  74. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Aireborough Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-08
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  76. 1 2 3 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Garforth Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-08
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  80. 1 2 3 4 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Morley Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-08
  81. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Morley South (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  82. 1 2 3 4 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wharfedale Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-08
  83. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wetherby Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-09
  84. 1 2 3 Office of the Deputy Prime Minister : Bulletin of Changes to Local Authority Areas and Names in England : The Leeds (Parishes) Order 2004 Archived May 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-09-09
  85. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Morley North (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  86. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Garforth and Swillington (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  87. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Morley North (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  88. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Horsforth Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-09
  89. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Barwick and Kippax (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  90. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Armley; Beeston; Bramley; Burmantofts; Chapel Allerton; City and Holbeck; Cookridge; Halton (part); Harehills; Headingley; Hunslet; Kirkstall; Middleton (part); Moortown; North (part); Otley and Wharfedale (part); Richmond Hill; Roundhay (part); Seacroft; University; Weetwood; Whinmoor (part); and Wortley wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  91. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Otley Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  92. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Pudsey Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-08
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  94. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Rothwell Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-08
  95. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Garforth and Swillington (part); Middleton (part); and Rothwell wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  96. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Hemsworth Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  97. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Wakefield Retrieved 2009-09-10
  98. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Castleford Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-10
  99. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Castleford Ferry Fryston; Castleford Glasshoughton; and Castleford Whitwood (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  100. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wakefield Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  101. 1 2 A Vision of Britain Through Time : Osgoldcross Rural District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  102. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Featherstone Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-11
  103. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Hemsworth Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-11
  104. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Horbury Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  105. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Horbury (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  106. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Knottingley Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  107. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Knottingley ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  108. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Normanton Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-11
  109. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Ossett Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-10
  110. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Horbury (part); and Ossett wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  111. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Pontefract Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-09-10
  112. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Pontefract North; and Pontefract South (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  113. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Stanley Urban District Retrieved 2009-09-10
  114. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Stanley and Altofts (part); and Stanley and Wrenthorpe wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
  115. A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wakefield County Borough Retrieved 2009-09-10
  116. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Wakefield Central; Wakefield East; Wakefield North; and Wakefield South (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26

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