1868 in the United Kingdom

1868 in the United Kingdom:
Other years
1866 \| 1867 \| 1868 \| 1869 \| 1870
Sport
1868 English cricket season

Events from the year 1868 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

Monarch — Victoria
Prime Minister —
- until 27 February: The Earl of Derby (Conservative
- 27 February-1 December: Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative)
- starting 3 December: William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)

Events

2 January — British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries.^[1]
9 January — Penal transportation from Britain to Australia ends with arrival of the convict ship Hougoumont in Western Australia after an 89-day voyage from England.
13 February — The War Office sanctions the formation of what will become the Army Post Office Corps.
27 February — Benjamin Disraeli succeeds the Earl of Derby as Prime Minister following Derby's resignation due to ill-health.
12 March — Britain annexes Basutoland.^[2]
9–13 April — Expedition to Abyssinia: At the Battle of Magdala, Robert Napier decisively defeats the emperor Tewodros II.
10–11 May — "Murphy riots" against Irish people in Ashton-under-Lyne.^[3]
26 May — Last public hanging in Britain — Fenian bomber Michael Barrett outside Newgate Prison in London for his part in the Clerkenwell explosion of 1867.^[4]
29 May — Capital Punishment Amendment Act abolishes public hanging in Britain.
2 June — The first Trades Union Congress is held in Manchester.^[1]
29 June — The Press Association founded in London.^[1]
17 July — Judicial decision of the House of Lords in Rylands v Fletcher, a leading case in English tort law, establishing a standard of strict liability in negligence actions.
13 August — First non-public hanging in Britain — Thomas Wells inside Maidstone Prison.^[4]
20 August — Abergele train disaster kills 32 passengers and a fireman.
15–24 November — General election, the first under the extended franchise of the Reform Act 1867: Liberal Party victorious.^[2]
24 November — The Smithfield Meat Market opens in London.^[1]
3 December — William Ewart Gladstone becomes Prime Minister.
10 December
- Whitaker's Almanack first published.^[1]
- The world's first traffic lights are installed in Parliament Square in London.^[1]

Undated

Cardwell Reforms abolish flogging in the peacetime British Army.
Church Rate ceases to be compulsory.^[5]
Joseph Norman Lockyer discovers the chemical element helium.
Thomas Henry Huxley discovers what he thinks is a primordial matter and names it bathybius haecklii (he admits his mistake in 1871)
Archibald Campbell Tait enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.

Publications

Wilkie Collins' novel The Moonstone.
Queen Victoria's diary Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, from 1848 to 1861.

Births

7 February — Aleen Cust, Irish veterinary surgeon (died 1937)
22 February — David Devant, stage magician (died 1941)
22 March — Alfred Fowler, astronomer (died 1940)
25 March — William Lockwood, cricketer (died 1932)
10 April — George Arliss, actor (died 1946)
28 April — Lucy Booth, Salvationist, fifth daughter of William and Catherine Booth (died 1953)
6 June — Robert Falcon Scott, explorer (died 1912)
7 June — Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish architect (died 1928)
6 July — Princess Victoria (died 1935)
14 July — Gertrude Bell, archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator (died 1926)
7 August — Granville Bantock, classical composer and conductor (died 1946)

Deaths

10 February — David Brewster, scientist, inventor and writer (born 1781)
28 March — James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, military leader (born 1797)
2 May — James Wilson Carmichael, marine painter (born 1800)
7 May — Henry Peter Brougham, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (born 1778)
29 July — John Elliotson, doctor and author (born 1791)
17 August — Duncan Forbes, linguist (born 1798)
24 September — Henry Hart Milman, historian and ecclesiastic (born 1791)
27 October — Charles Thomas Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1794)

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
1 2 Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 289–290. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
↑ Moody, T. W.; et al., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland. 8: A Chronology of Irish History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
1 2 "Timeline of capital punishment in Britain". Retrieved 2011-02-02.
↑ Ellens, J. P. (1987). "Lord John Russell and the Church Rate Conflict: the Struggle for a Broad Church, 1834–1868". The Journal of British Studies. 2: 232–257.

Years in the United Kingdom

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1868 in Europe

Sovereign states	Andorra Austria-Hungary Baden Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Papal States Portugal Prussia Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United Principalities

Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta

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