List of Himalayan peaks and passes
Main article: Himalaya
Overall, the Himalayan mountain system is the world's highest, and is home to the world's highest peaks, the Eight-thousanders. There are 14 Himalayan peaks with elevation over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft). The rugged terrain makes few routes through the mountains possible.
Peaks
| Notable peaks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak Name | Other names and meaning | Elevation | Rank | First Western ascent | Notes | ||
| m | ft | ||||||
| Everest | Sagarmatha (Nepali), "Head of the World",[1] | 8,848 | 29,029 | 1 | 1953 | East of Kathmandu on Sagarmatha Zone Nepal, Chomolangma (jo mo glang ma) (Tibetan). | |
| Kangchenjunga | Kangchen Dzö-nga, "Five Treasures of the Great Snow" | 8,586 | 28,169 | 3 | 1955 | On border between North Sikkim in India and Taplejung District of Nepal. | |
| Lhotse | "South Peak" | 8,516 | 27,940 | 4 | 1956 | On Nepal-PRC (Tibet) border. Part of Everest massif. | |
| Makalu | "The Great Black" | 8,462 | 27,765 | 5 | 1955 | On Nepal-PRC (Tibet) border, east of Mt. Everest. | |
| Cho Oyu | Qowowuyag, "Turquoise Goddess" | 8,201 | 26,905 | 6 | 1954 | On Nepal-PRC (Tibet) border, west of Mt. Everest. | |
| Dhaulagiri | "White Mountain" | 8,167 | 26,764 | 7 | 1960 | Central Nepal, west of Kaligandagi River. | |
| Manaslu | Kutang, "Mountain of the Spirit" | 8,156 | 26,758 | 8 | 1956 | Central Nepal, east of Pokhara. | |
| Nanga Parbat | Diamir, "Naked Mountain" | 8,126 | 26,660 | 9 | 1953 | Northern Areas of Pakistan. Western most peak of Himalayan range, overlooking Indus River. | |
| Annapurna | "Goddess of the Harvests" | 8,091 | 26,545 | 10 | 1950 | Central Nepal, north of Pokhara. | |
| Gasherbrum I | "Beautiful Mountain" | 8,080 | 26,509 | 11 | 1958 | Pakistan Karakoram | |
| Faichan Kangri | Broad Peak | 8,047 | 26,401 | 12 | 1957 | Pakistan Karakoram | |
| Gasherbrum II | "Beautiful Mountain" | 8,035 | 26,362 | 13 | 1956 | Pakistan Karakoram | |
| Shishapangma | Xixiabangma, "Crest Above The Grassy Plains", Gosainthan | 8,013 | 26,289 | 14 | 1964 | Tibet, PRC, about 10 km north of Nepal border. | |
| Gyachung Kang | unknown | 7,952 | 26,089 | 15 | 1964 | On Nepal-PRC (Tibet) border. Highest mountain under 8,000 meters. | |
| Gasherbrum IV | – | 7,925 | 26,001 | 17 | 1958 | Pakistan Karakoram | |
| Nuptse | "West Peak" in Tibetan | 7,861 | 25,791 | 12 (Nepal) | 1961 | Nepal Mahalangur Himal | |
| Masherbrum | unknown | 7,821 | 25,660 | 22 | 1960 | Pakistan Karakoram | |
| Nanda Devi | "Bliss-giving Goddess" | 7,817 | 25,645 | 23 | 1936 | Uttarakhand, India. Highest peak entirely within India. | |
| Rakaposhi | "Shining Wall" | 7,788 | 25,551 | 1958 | Hunza Nagar District of Pakistan Karakoram | ||
| Tirich Mir | "King of Shadows" or "King of Tirich Valley" | 7,708 | 25,289 | 1950 | Pakistan near Chitral. Highest peak in Hindu Kush | ||
| Gangkhar Puensum | Gankar Punzum, "Three Mountain Siblings" | 7,570 | 24,836 | Unclimbed | Bhutan. World's highest unclimbed peak. Off-limits to mountaineers. | ||
| Ismoil Somoni Peak | "Stalin Peak" 1933–1962 "Communism Peak" 1962–1998 | 7,495 | 24,590 | 50 | 1933 | Tajikistan Pamir, highest in former USSR | |
| Langtang Lirung | "Langtang Himal" | 7,227 | 23,711 | 1978 | Lies south of Shisha Pangma, Nepal. | ||
| Machapuchare | "Fish Tail" | 6,993 | 22,943 | 1957 (short of actual summit.) | In Annapurna range, appearing Matterhorn-like from Pokhara, Nepal. Considered sacred to Lord Shiva, currently off-limits. | ||
| Dorje Lakpa | "Langtang Himal" | 6,966 | 22,854 | 1992 (short of actual summit.) | Located north west of Kathmandu and looks like a pyramid shape, Nepal. currently off-limits. | ||
| Ama Dablam | "Mother And Her Necklace" | 6,848 | 22,467 | 1961 | Considered by some to be one of the most beautiful peaks in the Himalayas. In Khumbu region, Nepal. | ||
| Kailash | Sanskrit: Kailāsa Parvata, Tibetan: Kang Rinpoche (Precious Snow Peak), Mandarin Chinese: Gāngrénbōqí fēng | 6,638 | 21,778 | Unclimbed | Located in western Tibet near sources of Indus, Brahmaputra, Karnali and Sutlej Rivers. Sacred to Bön, Buddhist, Hindu and Jain religions. Circumambulated by many pilgrims. | ||
Passes and routes
Some routes through the Himalaya include:
| Notable passes and routes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pass or route | Elevation | Notes | |
| m | ft | ||
| Banihal Pass | 2,832 | 9,291 | connecting the hill areas of Jammu to the Kashmir Valley |
| Zoji La | 3,528 | 11,575 | between the vale of Kashmir and the Kargil district, and is the only Western entrance to the highlands of Ladakh |
| Rohtang Pass | 3,973 | 13,035 | Himachal Pradesh, India. |
| Mohan Pass | 800 | 2,600 | the principal pass in the Siwalik Hills, the southern most and geologically youngest foothills running parallel to the main Himalayas in Sikkim. |
| Kora La | 4,594 | 15,072 | on the Nepal-Tibet border at the upper end of Mustang. The Kali Gandaki Gorge (a graben),[2] transects the main Himalaya and Transhimalayan ranges. Kora La is the lowest pass through both ranges between K2 and Everest, but some 300 metres (980 ft) higher than Nathula and Jelepla passes further east between Sikkim and Tibet |
| Arniko Rajmarg/Friendship Highway route | 5,260 | 17,260 | from Kathmandu, Nepal crossing into Tibet at Kodari/Zhangmu, to Nyalam, Lalung-La pass (5,050m/16,570'), Tingri, Shelkar, Gyatso La pass, to Lhatse on the Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra River about 460 road kilometers west of Lhasa |
| Gangtok | 4,310 | 14,140 | in Sikkim to Lhasa in Tibet, via the Nathula and Jelepla Passes (offshoots of the ancient Silk Road) |
| Thorong La | 5,416 | 17,769 | The high point of the Annapurna Circuit, it connects the Manang District to the Mustang District in Nepal. |
| Mana Pass | 5,545 | 18,192 | on the border between India and Tibet |
| Seela Pass | 4,177 | 13,704 | on the Road between Bomdila town and Tawang Town in Arunachala pradesh state in INDIA |
References
- ↑ Unsworth, Walt (2000). Everest – The Mountaineering History (3rd ed.). Bâton Wicks. p. 584. ISBN 978-1-898573-40-1.
- ↑ Godin, L.; et al. (1999). Allison MacFarlane, Rasoul B. Sorkhabi, Jay Quade, eds. "High strain zone in the hanging wall of the Annapurna detachment". Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops. GSA (328): 201.
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