List of Falconidae

Falcons and caracaras
Brown falcon
Falco berigora
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Falconiformes
Family: Falconidae
Vigors, 1824

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey and includes caracaras, laughing falcon, forest falcons, falconets, pygmy falcons, falcons and kestrels. They are small to medium-sized birds of prey, ranging in size from the black-thighed falconet, which can weight as little as 35 grams (1.2 oz), to the gyrfalcon, which can weigh as much as 1,735 grams (61.2 oz). They have strongly hooked bills, sharply curved talons and excellent eyesight. The plumage is usually composed of browns, whites, chestnut, black and grey, often with barring of patterning. There is little difference in the plumage of males and females, although a few species have some sexual dimorphism in boldness of plumage. They differ from other Falconiformes in killing with their beaks instead of their talons. They have a "tooth" on the side of their beak for the purpose.

They are classified in eleven genera and 67 species of which two are extinct.

Caracaras

Caracaras are principally birds of South and Central America. They are classified in five genera and 11 species of which one is extinct since 1906. Unlike the Falco falcons in the same family, the birds in the five relevant genera are not fast-flying aerial hunters, but are comparatively slow and are often scavengers (a notable exception being the red-throated caracara).

Genus Daptrius Vieillot, 1816 - 1 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Black caracara Daptrius ater
Vieillot, 1816		 LC[2] South America : Amazonia
Genus Ibycter Vieillot, 1816 - 1 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Red-throated caracara Ibycter americanus
Boddaert, 1783		 LC[3] Central & South America : Southern Mexico to southern Brazil
Genus Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny, 1834 - 4 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Carunculated caracara Phalcoboenus carunculatus
Des Murs, 1853		 LC[4] South America : Ecuador, southwest Colombia
Mountain caracara Phalcoboenus megalopterus
Meyen, 1834		 LC[5] South America : Peru to central Chile
White-throated caracara Phalcoboenus albogularis
Gould, 1837		 LC[6] South America : Southern Chile, southern Argentina
Striated caracara Phalcoboenus australis
Gmelin, 1788		 NT[7] South America : Southern islands
Genus Caracara Merrem, 1826 - 3 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Northern crested caracara Caracara cheriway
Jacquin, 1784		 LC[8] Southern US to northern South America 49-58[9] 107-130[9] 800-1,300[9]
Guadalupe caracara Caracara lutosa†
Ridgway, 1876		 EX[10] Guadalupe Island, Mexico
Extinct probably since 1906[11]
Southern crested caracara Caracara plancus
Miller, 1777		 LC[12] Central and southern South America 49-59[13] 120-132[13] 900-1,600[13]
Genus Milvago Spix, 1824 - 2 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Yellow-headed caracara Milvago chimachima
Vieillot, 1816		 LC[14] Central & South America : Costa Rica to northern Argentina 38-46[15] 325 (avg)
♀:310-360
♂:280-330
Chimango caracara Milvago chimango
Ridgway, 1876		 LC[16] South America : Southern Cone 37-40

Laughing falcon

Genus Herpetotheres Vieillot, 1817 - 1 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Laughing falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans
Linnaeus, 1758		 LC[17] Central & South America : Mexico to northern Argentina 46-56[18] 79-94[19] ♀:600-800[18]
♂:410-680[18]

Forest falcons

Forest falcons are endemic to the Americas. They are classified as 7 species in one genus. They are adapted for agility in thick cover rather than outright speed in the open air. They have short wings, long tails, and extraordinarily acute hearing. While generally visually inconspicuous, their songs are commonly heard.

Genus Micrastur G.R. Gray, 1841 - 7 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Barred forest falcon Micrastur ruficollis
Vieillot, 1817		 LC[20] Central & South America : Southern Mexico to northern Argentina
Plumbeous forest falcon Micrastur plumbeus
Sclater, WL, 1918		 VU[21] Central & South America : Southwestern Colombia, northwestern Ecuador 30-36[22]
Lined forest falcon Micrastur gilvicollis
Vieillot, 1817		 LC[23] South America : Amazonia
Cryptic forest falcon Micrastur mintoni
Whittaker, 2003		 LC[24] South America : From eastern Amazonia south to Bolivia
Slaty-backed forest falcon Micrastur mirandollei
Schlegel, 1862		 LC[25] Central & South America : Costa Rica to eastern Brazil
Collared forest falcon Micrastur semitorquatus
Vieillot, 1817		 LC[26] Central & South America : Central Mexico to northern Argentina
Buckley's forest falcon Micrastur buckleyi
Swann, 1919		 LC[27] South America : Western Amazonia

Falconets and pygmy falcons

Genus Spiziapteryx Kaup, 1852 - 1 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Spot-winged falconet Spiziapteryx circumcincta
Kaup, 1852		 LC[28] Southern central South America
Genus Polihierax Kaup, 1847 - 2 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Pygmy falcon Polihierax semitorquatus
Smith, 1836		 LC[29] Eastern and southern Africa
White-rumped falcon Polihierax insignis
Walden, 1872		 NT[30] Southeast Asia
Genus Microhierax Sharpe, 1874 - 5 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Collared falconet Microhierax caerulescens
Linnaeus, 1758		 LC[31] Northeast India through Southeast Asia
Black-thighed falconet Microhierax fringillarius
Drapiez, 1824		 LC[32] Malay Peninsula, Greater Sundas 14-16
White-fronted falconet Microhierax latifrons
Sharpe, 1879		 NT[33] Borneo
Philippine falconet Microhierax erythrogenys
Vigors, 1831		 LC[34] Philippines
Pied falconet Microhierax melanoleucos
Blyth, 1843		 LC[35] northeast India to southern China and central Vietnam

Falcons and kestrels

Falcons are roughly divisible into three or four groups. The first contains the kestrels (probably excepting the American kestrel); the second group contains slightly larger (on average) and more elegant species, the hobbies and relatives. Third are the peregrine falcon and its relatives: variably sized powerful birds which also have a black malar area (except some very light color morphs), and often a black cap also. Very similar to these and sometimes included therein are the 4 or so species of hierofalcons (literally, "hawk-falcons").

Genus Falco Linnaeus, 1758 - 40 species
Common nameScientific nameConservation
status		Range[1]Length (cm)Wing span (cm)Weight (g)Picture
Lesser kestrel Falco naumanni
Fleischer, 1818		 LC[36] Southwestern, central and eastern Europe and Africa 27-33 63-72
Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Fleischer, 1818		 LC[37] Widespread in Europe, Africa and Asia 32-39 65-82 ♀:154-314
♂:136-252
Rock kestrel Falco rupicolus
Daudin, 1800		 not assessed Southern Africa
Malagasy kestrel Falco newtoni
Gurney, 1863		 LC[38] Madagascar, Aldabra Island up to 30 ♀:188-203
♂:180-195		 ♀:up to 128
♂:112-118
Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus
Temminck, 1821		 VU[39] Mauritius 26-30.5 approx 45 up to 250
Reunion kestrel Falco duboisi†
Cowles, 1994		 EX[40] Réunion, extinct since c.1700
Seychelles kestrel Falco araea
Oberholser, 1917		 VU[41] Seychelles Islands 18-23 40-45
Spotted kestrel Falco moluccensis
Bonaparte, 1850		 LC[42] Moluccas, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, Java and Bali
Nankeen kestrel Falco cenchroides
Vigors and Horsfield, 1827		 LC[43] Widespread in Australia 31-35
American kestrel Falco sparverius
Linnaeus, 1758		 LC[44] Widespread in North, Central and South America 19-31 50-61 ♀:118-166
♂:80-120
Greater kestrel Falco rupicoloides
Smith, 1829		 LC[45] Eastern and southern Africa 29-37 68-84 165-334
Fox kestrel Falco alopex
Heuglin, 1861		 LC[46] Central and western Africa 32-38 76-88 250-300
Grey kestrel Falco ardosiaceus
Vieillot, 1823		 LC[47] Central, western and southwestern Africa 28-33 58-72 up to 300
Dickinson's kestrel Falco dickinsoni
Sclater, 1864		 LC[48] Central, western and southwestern Africa 27-30 61-68 167-246
Banded kestrel Falco zoniventris
Peters, 1854		 LC[49] Madagascar 27-30 60-68
Red-necked falcon Falco chicquera
Daudin, 1800		 LC[50] Central, western and southern Africa, India 30-36 85
Red-footed falcon Falco vespertinus
Linnaeus, 1766		 NT[51] Central Europe, southern Africa 28-34 65-75
Amur falcon Falco amurensis
Radde, 1863		 LC[52] Eastern Asia, southeastern Africa
Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae
Gene, 1839		 LC[53] Southern Europe and also northern Africa, eastern Africa, Madagascar 36-42 87-104
Sooty falcon Falco concolor
Temminck, 1825		 NT[54] Eastern Libya to southwestern Pakistan, southeast Africa, Madagascar 32-37 78-90
Aplomado falcon Falco femoralis
Temminck, 1822		 LC[55] Widespread in Central & South America 30-40 avg.90 ♀:271-460
♂:208-305
Merlin Falco columbarius
Linnaeus, 1758		 LC[56] Widespread in Northern Hemisphere 24-33 50-73 ♀:190-300
♂:125-210
Bat falcon Falco rufigularis
Daudin, 1800		 LC[57] Northern Mexico to northeastern Argentina ♀:30.5
♂:23
Orange-breasted falcon Falco deiroleucus
Temminck, 1825		 LC[58] Southern Mexico to northeastern Argentina 35-40 325-700
Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo
Linnaeus, 1758		 LC[59] Widespread in Europe, southern Africa, northern Asia
African hobby Falco cuvierii
Smith, 1830		 LC[60] Eastern, central, western and southeastern Africa 20 70
Oriental hobby Falco severus
Horsfield, 1821		 LC[61] Northwestern India to Solomon Islands
Australian hobby Falco longipennis
Swainson, 18371		 LC[62] Widespread in Australia
New Zealand falcon Falco novaeseelandiae
Gmelin, 1788		 NT[63] Widespread in New Zealand about 45 up to 450
Brown falcon Falco berigora
Gmelin, 1788		 LC[64] Widespread in Australia 40-50
Grey falcon Falco hypoleucos
Gould, 1841		 NT[65] Australia 30-45 85-95 350-600
Black falcon Falco subniger
Gray, 1843		 LC[66] Australia ♀:around 55
♂:around 45
Lanner falcon Falco biarmicus
Temminck, 1825		 LC[67] Southern Europe, Arabian Peninsula, and widespread in Africa 43-50 95-105
Laggar falcon Falco jugger
J.E. Gray, 1834		 NT[68] Pakistan to Burma, India
Saker falcon Falco cherrug
Gray, 1834		 VU[69] Central and southern Europe, northeastern Africa and northern Asia 47-55 105-129
Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus
Linnaeus, 1758		 LC[70] Arctic coasts of Northern America, Europe and Asia ♀:51-65
♂:48-61		 ♀:124-160
♂:110-130		 ♀:1,180-2,100
♂:805-1350
Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus
Schlegel, 1850		 LC[71] North America and Mexico avg 40 avg 100 avg 720
Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus
Tunstall, 1771		 LC[72] Widespread worldwide 34-58 74-120 ♀:910-1,500
♂:424-750
Barbary falcon Falco pelegrinoides
Temminck, 1829		 LC[73] Southwestern Europe and northern Africa 33-39 76-98
Taita falcon Falco fasciinucha
Reichenow & Neumann, 1895		 NT[74] Eastern and southeastern Africa ♀:22.9-24.0
♂:20.2-20.8		 ♀:297-346
♂:212-233

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Master List: Raptors". IOC World Birld List. International Ornithological Congress. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  2. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Daptrius ater". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  3. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Ibycter americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  4. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Phalcoboenus carunculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  5. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Phalcoboenus megalopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  6. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Phalcoboenus albogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Phalcoboenus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  8. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Caracara cheriway". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 "Crested Caracara Life History". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  10. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Caracara lutosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  11. ↑ Thayer, John E. & Bangs, Outram (1908): The Present State of the Ornis of Guadaloupe Island. Condor 10(3): 101-106. doi:10.2307/1360977 PDF fulltext
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Caracara plancus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  13. 1 2 3 "Info about the Southern Caracara". Zootierliste.de. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Milvago chimachima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  15. ↑ "Info about the Yellow-headed Caracara". Zootierliste.de. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Milvago chimango". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Herpetotheres cachinnans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  18. 1 2 3 Jiménez, Mariano II & Jiménez, Mariano G. (2003). "El Halcón Guaicurú Herpetotheres cachinnans". El Zoológico Electrónico. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  19. ↑ Howell, Steven N.G. & Webb, Sophie (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
  20. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur plumbeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  22. ↑ "Species factsheet: Micrastur plumbeus". BirdLife International. 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  23. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur gilvicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  24. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur mintoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  25. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur mirandollei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  26. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur semitorquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  27. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Micrastur buckleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  28. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Spiziapteryx circumcincta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  29. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Polihierax semitorquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  30. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Polihierax insignis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  31. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Microhierax caerulescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  32. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Microhierax fringillarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  33. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Microhierax latifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  34. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Microhierax erythrogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  35. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Microhierax melanoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  36. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco naumanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  37. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco tinnunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  38. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco newtoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  39. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco punctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  40. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco duboisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  41. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco araea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  42. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco moluccensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  43. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco cenchroides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  44. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco sparverius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  45. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco rupicoloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  46. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco alopex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  47. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco ardosiaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  48. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco dickinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  49. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco zoniventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  50. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco chicquera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  51. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco vespertinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  52. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco amurensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  53. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco eleonorae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  54. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  55. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  56. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco columbarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  57. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco rufigularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  58. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco deiroleucus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  59. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco subbuteo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  60. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco cuvierii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  61. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco severus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  62. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco longipennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  63. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco novaeseelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  64. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco berigora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  65. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco hypoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  66. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco subniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  67. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco biarmicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  68. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco jugger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  69. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco cherrug". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  70. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco rusticolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  71. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco mexicanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  72. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco peregrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  73. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco pelegrinoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  74. ↑ BirdLife International (2009). "Falco fasciinucha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
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