Lawrence Booth

Lawrence Booth (c. 1420 – 1480) served as Prince-Bishop of Durham and Lord Chancellor, before appointment as Archbishop of York.^[1]

Life

The illegitimate son of John Booth, lord of the manor of Barton, near Eccles, Lancashire,^[2] he was half-brother of Sir Robert Booth who established his family through marriage at Dunham Massey, Cheshire.

Lawrence Booth read civil and canon law at Cambridge,^[3] graduating as Licentiate (Lic.C.L.), before gaining a Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). He was elected Master of Pembroke Hall in 1450, a post he held until his death, and also served as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. Whilst at Cambridge, where he started a movement for both a School of Arts and a School of Civil Law, he is believed to have produced his first miracle.

Outside Cambridge, Booth's career also advanced quickly helped by his half-brother William Booth, who was Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1447–1452) and Archbishop of York (1452–1464).^[2] In 1449, he was appointed a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral^[4] and, on 2 November 1456, became dean of St Paul's Cathedral.^[5] He was also a prebendary of York Minster^[6] and of Lichfield Cathedral.^[7] From 1454 to 1457 he was Archdeacon of Richmond.^[8]

Booth's influence was not confined to the Church; he was also active in government. He was chancellor to Margaret of Anjou and, in about 1456, he became Keeper of the Privy Seal,^[9] and in that same year on 28 January he was also appointed one of the tutors and guardians of the Prince of Wales. He was Lord Privy Seal until 1460.^[9] In 1457 he also served briefly as Provost of Beverley Minster.

On 25 September 1457, Booth was installed as Bishop of Durham.^[10]

Although from a Lancastrian family, he cultivated relations with the Yorkists and, after the fall of Henry VI, Booth adapted himself to the new status quo. He submitted himself to King Edward (the former Earl of March) in April 1461, and by the end of June, Booth was beating back a raid led by the lords de Ros, Dacre and Rugemont-Grey who brought Henry VI over the border to try to raise a rebellion in the north of England.^[11] Edward named him his confessor.^[12] Although he temporarily lost control of the see of Durham, it was restored to him in 1464, after making a submission to Edward IV; he was successful in part by being a prelate who was never imprisoned in that era.^[13] He took an active part in Edward's government thereafter and on 27 July 1473 was appointed Lord Chancellor, serving until May 1474.^[14] In October 1473 he led a delegation to Scotland to formally sign the marriage treaty between the newborn son (later James IV of Scotland) of James III and Edward's third daughter Cecily.^[15]

In 1476 Booth was translated to the see of York,^[16][17] following on from where his half-brother was archbishop until his death in 1464. He was the only prelate at Edward IV's accession ever promoted to higher office.^[18]

Booth served as Archbishop of York until his death on 19 May 1480,^[16] and is buried beside William Booth, in the Collegiate Church of Southwell, which both he and his brother generously endowed.^[19]

Citations

References

St Paul's Cathedral
Deans	High Medieval Wulman Ranulf Flambard (disputed) William de Mareni Ralph de Langford Hugh de Mareni Ralph de Diceto Alard de Burnham Gervase de Howbridge Robert de Watford Martin de Pattishall Geoffrey de Lucy William of Sainte-Mère-Église Henry de Cornhill Walter de Saleron Robert de Barton Peter de Newport Richard Talbot John de Ebulo Geoffrey de Fering John Chishull Hervey de Boreham Thomas Ingoldsthorpe Roger de La Legh William de Montfort Ralph Baldock Late Medieval Arnald Frangerius de Cantilupo John Sandale Richard Newport Roger Northburgh Vitalis de Testa John de Everdon Gilbert de Bruera Richard de Kilvington Walter de Alderbury Thomas Trilleck John de Appleby Thomas de Eure Thomas Stowe Thomas More Reginald Kentwood Thomas Lisieux Lawrence Booth William Say Roger Radclyffe Thomas Wynterbourne William Worsley Early modern Robert Sherborne John Colet Richard Pace Richard Sampson John Incent William May John Feckenham Henry Cole William May (again) Alexander Nowell John Overall Valentine Cary John Donne Thomas Winniffe Richard Steward Matthew Nicholas John Barwick William Sancroft Edward Stillingfleet John Tillotson William Sherlock Henry Godolphin Francis Hare Joseph Butler Thomas Secker John Hume Frederick Cornwallis Thomas Newton Thomas Thurlow Late modern George Pretyman Tomline William Van Mildert Charles Sumner Edward Copleston Henry Hart Milman Henry Longueville Mansel Richard William Church Robert Gregory William Inge Walter Matthews Martin Sullivan Alan Webster Eric Evans John Moses Graeme Knowles Michael Colclough (acting) David Ison
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