Setmelanotide

Setmelanotide
Clinical data
ATC code None
Identifiers
Synonyms N2-acetyl-L-arginyl-L-cysteinyl-D-alanyl-L-histidyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-tryptophyl-L-cysteinamide, cyclic (2-8)-disulfide
CAS Number 920014-72-8
PubChem (CID) 11993702
ChemSpider 10166169
Chemical and physical data
Formula C49H68N18O9S2
Molar mass 1117.309 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

Setmelanotide (INN, USAN) (code name RM-493, formerly BIM-22493, IRC-022493) is a peptide drug and investigational anti-obesity medication which acts as a selective agonist of the MC4 receptor.[1][2] Its peptide sequence is Ac-Arg-Cys(1)-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys(1)-NH2. It is being researched by Rhythm Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.[1] In addition, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals is conducting trials of setmelanotide for the treatment of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetic disorder which includes MC4 receptor deficiency and associated symptoms such as excessive appetite and obesity.[3] As of December 2014, the drug is in phase II clinical trials for obesity and PWS.[1][4][5]

Setmelanotide binds to and activates MC4 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), areas involved in the regulation of appetite, and this action is thought to underlie its appetite suppressant effects.[6] In addition to reducing appetite, setmelanotide increases resting energy expenditure in both obese animals and humans.[7] Importantly, unlike certain other MC4 receptor agonists, such as LY-2112688, setmelanotide has not been found to produce increases in heart rate or blood pressure.[2]

Setmelanotide has been reported to possess the following activity profile (cAMP, EC50): MC4 (0.27 nM) > MC3 (5.3 nM) ≈ MC1 (5.8 nM) > MC5 (1600 nM) ≟ MC2 (>1000 nM).[8] (19.6-fold selectivity for MC4 over MC3, the second target of highest activity.)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Lee, Esther CY; Carpino, Philip A (2015). "Melanocortin-4 receptor modulators for the treatment of obesity: a patent analysis (2008–2014)". Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst. 4 (2): 95–107. doi:10.4155/ppa.15.1. ISSN 2046-8954.
  2. 1 2 Kievit, P.; Halem, H.; Marks, D. L.; Dong, J. Z.; Glavas, M. M.; Sinnayah, P.; Pranger, L.; Cowley, M. A.; Grove, K. L.; Culler, M. D. (2012). "Chronic Treatment With a Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist Causes Weight Loss, Reduces Insulin Resistance, and Improves Cardiovascular Function in Diet-Induced Obese Rhesus Macaques". Diabetes. 62 (2): 490–497. doi:10.2337/db12-0598. ISSN 0012-1797.
  3. ↑ "Obesity and Diabetes Caused by Genetic Deficiencies in the MC4 Pathway". Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 2015-05-21.
  4. ↑ Jackson, V Margaret; Price, David A; Carpino, Philip A (2014). "Investigational drugs in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of obesity: implications for future development of novel therapies". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 23 (8): 1055–1066. doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.918952. ISSN 1354-3784.
  5. ↑ "RM-493: A First-in-Class, Phase 2-Ready MC4 Agonist: A New Drug Class for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes". Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 2015-05-21.
  6. ↑ Kim, G W; Lin, J E; Blomain, E S; Waldman, S A (2013). "Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy: New Drugs and Emerging Targets". Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 95 (1): 53–66. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.204. ISSN 0009-9236.
  7. ↑ Chen, Kong Y.; Muniyappa, Ranganath; Abel, Brent S.; Mullins, Katherine P.; Staker, Pamela; Brychta, Robert J.; Zhao, Xiongce; Ring, Michael; Psota, Tricia L.; Cone, Roger D.; Panaro, Brandon L.; Gottesdiener, Keith M.; Van der Ploeg, Lex H.T.; Reitman, Marc L.; Skarulis, Monica C. (2015). "RM-493, a Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) Agonist, Increases Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Individuals". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 100 (4): 1639–1645. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-4024. ISSN 0021-972X.
  8. ↑ "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Melanocortin Receptor 4 (MC4R) Agonist, RM-493, on Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in Obese Subjects" (PDF). Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 2015-05-21.



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