Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses)

Anorexia Nervosa
Classification and external resources
Specialty psychiatry
ICD-10 F50.0-F50.1
ICD-9-CM 307.1
OMIM 606788
DiseasesDB 749
eMedicine emerg/34 med/144

The differential diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) includes various types of medical and psychological conditions, which may be misdiagnosed as AN. In some cases, these conditions may be comorbid with AN because the misdiagnosis of AN is not uncommon. For example, a case of achalasia was misdiagnosed as AN and the patient spent two months confined to a psychiatric hospital.[1] A reason for the differential diagnoses that surround AN arise mainly because, like other disorders, it is primarily, albeit defensively and adaptive for, the individual concerned.[2] Anorexia Nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by extremely reduced intake of food. People suffering from Aneroxia Nervosa have a low self-image and consider themselves overweight. Common behaviors and signs of someone suffering from AN:

Medical

Some of the differential or comorbid medical diagnoses may include:

Psychological

There are various other psychological issues that may factor into anorexia nervosa, some fulfill the criteria for a separate Axis I diagnosis or a personality disorder which is coded Axis II and thus are considered comorbid to the diagnosed eating disorder. Axis II disorders are subtyped into 3 "clusters", A, B and C. The causality between personality disorders and eating disorders has yet to be fully established.[45] Some people have a previous disorder which may increase their vulnerability to developing an eating disorder.[46][47][48] Some develop them afterwards.[49] The severity and type of eating disorder symptoms have been shown to affect comorbidity.[50] These comorbid disorders themselves have multiple differential diagnoses, such as depression which may be caused by such disparate causes such as Lyme disease or hypothyroidism.

BDD is a chronic and debilitating condition which may lead to social isolation, major depression, suicidal ideation and attempts. Neuroimaging studies to measure response to facial recognition have shown activity predominately in the left hemisphere in the left lateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal lobe and left parietal lobe showing hemispheric imbalance in information processing. There is a reported case of the development of BDD in a 21 year old male following an inflammatory brain process. Neuroimaging showed the presence of new atrophy in the frontotemporal region.[52][53][54][54][55]

Comorbid Disorders
Axis I Axis II
depression[62] obsessive compulsive personality disorder[63]
substance abuse, alcoholism[64] borderline personality disorder[65]
anxiety disorders[66] narcissistic personality disorder[67]
obsessive compulsive disorder[68][69] histrionic personality disorder[70]
Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder[71][72][73][74] avoidant personality disorder[75]

The distinction between the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is often difficult to make as there is considerable overlap between patients diagnosed with these conditions. Seemingly minor changes in a patient's overall behavior or attitude can change a diagnosis from "anorexia: binge-eating type" to bulimia nervosa. It is not unusual for a person with an eating disorder to "move through" various diagnoses as his or her behavior and beliefs change over time.[76]

References

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