PlayStation

This article is about the "PlayStation" brand. For the 1994 console, see PlayStation (console). For other uses, see PlayStation (disambiguation).

PlayStation
Product type Video game console
(Home, handheld and microconsole)
Owner Sony Interactive Entertainment
Country Minami-Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
Introduced December 3, 1994 (1994-12-03)
Markets Worldwide

PlayStation (Japanese: プレイステーション Hepburn: Pureisutēshon, officially abbreviated PS) is a gaming brand that, as of 2016, consists of four home video game consoles, as well as a media center, an online service, a line of controllers, two handhelds and a phone, as well as multiple magazines, and is created and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The brand was first introduced on December 3, 1994 in Japan with the launch of the original PlayStation console.[1]

The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch.[2] Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012.[3] Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013.[4] Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.[5]

The first handheld game console in the PlayStation series (called the PlayStation Portable or PSP), sold a total of 80 million units worldwide by November 2013.[6] Its successor, the PlayStation Vita, which launched in Japan on December 17, 2011 and in most other major territories in February 2012, had sold over 4 million units by January 2013.[7] PlayStation TV is a microconsole and a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita handheld game console.[8] Other hardware released as part of the PlayStation series includes the PSX, a digital video recorder which was integrated with the PlayStation and PlayStation 2, though it was short lived due to its high price and was never released outside Japan, as well as a Sony Bravia television set which has an integrated PlayStation 2. The main series of controllers utilized by the PlayStation series is the DualShock, which is a line of vibration-feedback gamepad having sold 28 million controllers as of June 28, 2008.[9]

The PlayStation Network is an online service with over 110 million users worldwide (as of July 2013).[10] It comprises an online virtual market, the PlayStation Store, which allows the purchase and download of games and various forms of multimedia, a subscription-based online service known as PlayStation Plus and a social gaming networking service called PlayStation Home, which had over 41 million users worldwide at the time of its closure in March 2015.[11] PlayStation Mobile (formerly PlayStation Suite) is a software framework that provides PlayStation content on mobile devices. Version 1.xx supports both PlayStation Vita, PlayStation TV and certain devices that run the Android operating system, whereas version 2.00 released in 2014 would only target PlayStation Vita and (optionally) PlayStation TV.[12] Content set to be released under the framework consist of only original PlayStation games currently.[13]

7th generation PlayStation products also use the XrossMediaBar, which is an award-winning graphical user interface.[14] A new touch screen-based user interface called LiveArea was launched for the PlayStation Vita, which integrates social networking elements into the interface. Additionally, PlayStation 2 and original PlayStation 3 consoles also featured support for Linux-based operating systems, though this has since been discontinued. The series has also been known for its numerous marketing campaigns, the latest of which being the "Greatness Awaits" commercials in the United States.

The series also has a strong line-up of first-party titles due to Sony Interactive Entertainment Worldwide Studios, a group of fifteen first-party developers owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment which are dedicated to developing first-party games for the series. In addition, the series features various budget re-releases of titles by Sony with different names for each region; these include the Greatest Hits, Platinum, Essentials, Favorites (this in Latin America) and The Best ranges of titles.

History

Origins

Original PS logo

PlayStation was the brainchild of Ken Kutaragi, a Sony executive who had just finished managing one of the company's hardware engineering divisions at that time and would later be dubbed as "The Father of the PlayStation".[15][16]

The console's origins date back to 1988 where it was originally a joint project between Nintendo and Sony to create a CD-ROM for the Super Famicom.[17] Although Nintendo denied the existence of the Sony deal as late as March 1991,[18] Sony revealed a Super Famicom with a built-in CD-ROM drive, that incorporated Green Book technology or CD-i, called "Play Station" (also known as SNES-CD) at the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1991. However, a day after the announcement at CES, Nintendo announced that it would be breaking its partnership with Sony, opting to go with Philips instead but using the same technology.[19] The deal was broken by Nintendo after they were unable to come to an agreement on how revenue would be split between the two companies.[19] The breaking of the partnership infuriated Sony President Norio Ohga, who responded by appointing Kutaragi with the responsibility of developing the PlayStation project to rival Nintendo.[19]

At that time, negotiations were still on-going between Nintendo and Sony, with Nintendo offering Sony a "non-gaming role" regarding their new partnership with Philips. This proposal was swiftly rejected by Kutaragi who was facing increasing criticism over his work with regard to entering the video game industry from within Sony. Negotiations officially ended in May 1992 and in order to decide the fate of the PlayStation project, a meeting was held in June 1992, consisting of Sony President Ohga, PlayStation Head Kutaragi and several senior members of Sony's board. At the meeting, Kutaragi unveiled a proprietary CD-ROM-based system he had been working on which involved playing video games with 3D graphics to the board. Eventually, Sony President Ohga decided to retain the project after being reminded by Kutaragi of the humiliation he suffered from Nintendo. Nevertheless, due to strong opposition from a majority present at the meeting as well as widespread internal opposition to the project by the older generation of Sony executives, Kutaragi and his team had to be shifted from Sony's headquarters to Sony Music, a completely separate financial entity owned by Sony, so as to retain the project and maintain relationships with Philips for the MMCD development project (which helped lead to the creation of the DVD).[19]

According to SCE's producer Ryoji Akagawa and chairman Shigeo Maruyama, there was uncertainty over whether the console should primarily focus on 2D sprite graphics or 3D polygon graphics. It was only after witnessing the success of Sega's Virtua Fighter in Japanese arcades that "the direction of the PlayStation became instantly clear" and 3D polygon graphics became the console's primary focus.[20]

Formation of Sony Computer Entertainment

At Sony Music Entertainment, Kutaragi worked closely with Shigeo Maruyama, the CEO of Sony Music, and with Akira Sato to form Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (SCEI) on November 16, 1993.[21] A building block of SCEI was its initial partnership with Sony Music which helped SCEI attract creative talent to the company as well as assist SCEI in manufacturing, marketing and producing discs, something that Sony Music had been doing with Music Discs. The final two key members of SCEI were Terry Tokunaka, the President of SCEI from Sony's headquarters, and Olaf Olafsson. Olafsson was CEO and president of New York-based Sony Interactive Entertainment[22] which was the mother company for the 1994-founded Sony Computer Entertainment of America (SCEA).

The PlayStation project, SCEI's first official project, was finally given the green light by Sony executives in 1993 after a few years of development. Also in 1993, Phil Harrison, who would later become President of Sony Computer Entertainment Worldwide Studios, was recruited into SCEI to attract developers and publishers to produce games for their new PlayStation platform.[19]

After a demonstration of Sony's distribution plan as well as tech demos of its new console to game publishers and developers in a hotel in Tokyo in 1994, numerous developers began to approach PlayStation. Two of whom later became major partners were Electronic Arts in the West and Namco in Japan. One of the factors which attracted developers to the platform was the use of a 3D-capable, CD-ROM-based console which was much cheaper and easier to manufacture for in comparison to Nintendo's rival console, which used cartridge systems. The project eventually hit Japanese stores in December 1994 and gained massive sales due to its lower price point than its competitor, the Sega Saturn. Popularity of the console spread after its release worldwide in North America and Europe.[19]

Home consoles

PlayStation

PlayStation
The original PlayStation
PSone
The redesigned PSone
Main article: PlayStation (console)

The original PlayStation, released on December 3, 1994, was the first of the ubiquitous PlayStation series of console and hand-held game devices. It has included successor consoles and upgrades including the Net Yaroze (a special black PlayStation with tools and instructions to program PlayStation games and applications), "PSone" (a smaller version of the original) and the PocketStation (a handheld which enhances PlayStation games and also acts as a memory card). It was part of the fifth generation of video game consoles competing against the Sega Saturn and the Nintendo 64. By December 2003, the PlayStation and PSone had shipped a combined total of 102.49 million units,[23] eventually becoming the first video game console to sell 120 million units.[2]

PSone

Main article: PSone

Released on July 7, 2000,[24] concurrently with its successor the PlayStation 2, the PSone was a considerably smaller, redesigned version of the original PlayStation video game console.[25] The PSone went on to outsell all-other consoles, including its successor, throughout the remainder of the year.[25] It featured two main changes from its predecessor, the first being a cosmetic change to the console and the second being the home menu's Graphical User Interface; a variation of the GUI previously used only on PAL consoles up to that point.

PlayStation 2

Original PlayStation 2 console (left) and slimline PlayStation 2 console with 8 MB Memory Card and DualShock 2 controller (right)
Main article: PlayStation 2

Released in 2000, 15 months after the Dreamcast and a year before its other competitors, the Xbox and the Nintendo GameCube, the PlayStation 2 is part of the sixth generation of video game consoles, and is backwards-compatible with most original PlayStation games. Like its predecessor, it has received a slimmer redesign, and was also released built into the PSX DVR and the Sony BRAVIA KDL22PX300 HDTV. It is the most successful home console in the world,[26] having sold over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012.[3] On November 29, 2005, the PS2 became the fastest game console to reach 100 million units shipped, accomplishing the feat within 5 years and 9 months from its launch. This achievement occurred faster than its predecessor, the PlayStation, which took "9 years and 6 months since launch" to reach the same figure.[2] PlayStation 2 shipments in Japan ended on December 28, 2012.[27] The Guardian reported on January 4, 2013 that PS2 production had ended worldwide, but studies showed that many people all around the world still own one even if it is no longer in use. PlayStation 2 has been ranked as the best selling console of all time as of 2015.[28]

Slimline model

Released in 2004, four years after the launch of the original PlayStation 2, the PlayStation 2 Slimline was the first major redesign of the PlayStation 2. Compared to its predecessor, the Slimline was smaller, thinner, quieter and also included a built-in Ethernet port (in some markets it also has an integrated modem). In 2007, Sony began shipping a revision of the Slimline which was lighter than the original Slimline together with a lighter AC adapter.[29] In 2008, Sony released yet another revision of the Slimline which had an overhauled internal design incorporating the power supply into the console itself like the original PlayStation 2 resulting in a further reduced total weight of the console.[30]

PlayStation 3

Original (left) and slim (right) PlayStation 3 consoles with the DualShock 3 controller
Main article: PlayStation 3

Released on November 17, 2006 in North America, the PlayStation 3 is a seventh generation game console from Sony. It competes with the Microsoft Xbox 360 and the Nintendo Wii. The PS3 is the first console in the series to introduce the use of motion-sensing technology through its Sixaxis wireless controller. The console also incorporates a Blu-ray Disc player and features high-definition resolution. The PS3 was originally offered with either a 20 GB or 60 GB hard drive, but over the years its capacity increased in increments available up to 500 GB. The PlayStation 3 has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013.[4]

Slim model

Main article: PlayStation 3 Slim

Like its predecessors, the PlayStation 3 was re-released in 2009 as a "slim" model. The redesigned model is 33% smaller, 36% lighter, and consumes 34% to 45% less power than previous models.[31][32] In addition, it features a redesigned cooling system and a smaller Cell processor which was moved to a 45nm manufacturing process.[33] It sold in excess of a million units within its first 3 weeks on sale.[34] The redesign also features support for CEC (more commonly referred to by its manufacturer brandings of BraviaSync, VIERA Link, EasyLink and others) which allows control of the console over HDMI by using the remote control as the controller. The PS3 slim also runs quieter and is cooler than previous models due to its 45 nm Cell. The PS3 Slim no longer has the "main power" switch (similar to PlayStation 2 slim), like the previous PS3 models, which was located at the back of the console.[31] It was officially released on September 1, 2009 in North America and Europe and on September 3, 2009 in Japan, Australia and New Zealand.[31][35][36]

Super Slim model

In 2012, Sony revealed a new "Super Slim" PlayStation 3. The new console, with a completely redesigned case which has a sliding door covering the disc drive (which has been moved to the top of the console), is 4.3 pounds, almost three pounds lighter than the previous "slim" model. The console comes with either 12GB flash memory or a 250GB, 500GB hard drive. Several bundles which include a Super Slim PS3 and a selection of games are available.

PlayStation 4

The PlayStation 4 with the DualShock 4 controller.
Main article: PlayStation 4

The PlayStation 4 (PS4) is the latest video game console from Sony Computer Entertainment announced at a press conference on February 20, 2013. In the meeting, Sony revealed some hardware specifications of the new console.[37][38] The eighth-generation system, launched in the fourth quarter of 2013, introduced the x86 architecture to the PlayStation series. According to lead system architect, Mark Cerny, development on the PlayStation 4 began as early as 2008.[39] PlayStation Europe CEO Jim Ryan emphasized in 2011 that Sony wanted to avoid launching the next-generation console behind the competition.[40]

Among the new applications and services, Sony introduced the PlayStation App, allowing PS4 owners to turn smartphones and tablets into a second screen to enhance gameplay.[41] The company also plans to debut PlayStation Now game streaming service, powered by technology from Gaikai.[42][43] By incorporating a share button on the new controller and making it possible to view in-game content being streamed live from friends, Sony plans to place more focus on social gameplay as well.[41] The PlayStation 4 was first released in North America on November 15, 2013.

Slim model

Main article: PlayStation 4 Slim

PlayStation 4 Slim (officially marketed simply as PlayStation 4 or PS4) was unveiled on September 7, 2016. It is a revision of the original PS4 hardware with a streamlined form factor. The new casing is 40% smaller, and carries a rounded body with a matte finish on the top of the console rather than a two-tone finish. The two USB ports on the front have a larger gap between them, and the optical audio port was also removed.[168] It ships with a minor update to the DualShock 4 controller, with the light bar visible through the top of the touchpad. The PS4 Slim was released on September 15, 2016, with a 500 GB model at the same price point as the original PS4 model.[169] Its model number is CUH-2000.[170]

Pro model

Main article: PlayStation 4 Pro

PlayStation 4 Pro or PS4 Pro for short (originally announced under the codename Neo)[35] was unveiled on September 7, 2016. Its model number is CUH-7000.[170] It is an updated version of the PlayStation 4 with improved hardware, including an upgraded GPU with 4.2 teraflops of processing power, and higher CPU clock. It is designed primarily to enable selected games to be playable at 4K resolution, and improved quality for PlayStation VR. All games are backwards and forward compatible between PS4 and PS4 Pro, but games with optimizations will have improved graphics performance on PS4 Pro. Although capable of streaming 4K video from online sources, PS4 Pro does not support Ultra HD Blu-ray.[171][172][173] Additionally the PS4 Pro is the only PS4 model which can remote play at 1080p. The other models are limited to 720p.[174]

Comparison

PlayStation PlayStation 2 PlayStation 3 PlayStation 4
Console

Launch price ¥39,800[1]
US$299[44]
£299[45]
¥39,800[1]
US$299[44]
£299[45]
¥49,980 (20 GB)[1]
US$499 (20 GB), US$599 (60 GB)[44]
£425 (60 GB)[46]
599 (60 GB)[45]
¥38,980
US$399
399
£349
Release date ‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›


PSone Model
‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›

  • JP: July 7, 2000

‹See Tfd›

  • NA: September 19, 2000
‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›

‹See Tfd›

  • AUS: November 30, 2000


Slimline Model
‹See Tfd›

  • EU: October 29, 2004

‹See Tfd›

  • JP: November 3, 2004

‹See Tfd›

  • NA: November 2004

‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›

    More...
    Slim Model
    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›


    Super Slim Model
    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›

    ‹See Tfd›
    Units sold 102.49 million shipped, including 28.15 million PSone units (as of March 31, 2007)[23] >155 million (as of December 28, 2012)[3] >84 million (as of November 2014)[4] >35 million (As of 3 January 2016)[53]
    Best-selling game Gran Turismo; 10.85 million shipped (as of April 30, 2008)[54][55] Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas; 17.33 million shipped (as of March 26, 2008)[54] Grand Theft Auto V; over 15 million shipped (as of December 7, 2013) Uncharted 4: A Thief's End; 2.7 millions shipped (as of May 23, 2016)[56]
    Media CD-ROM DVD-ROM/CD-ROM BD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-ROM, SACD (1st and 2nd Gen Only)[57] Blu-ray, DVD
    Blu-ray 6x CAV, DVD 8x CAV
    Included accessories and extras
    • Internal hard drive (20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 250, 320 or 500 GB, depending on model)
    • Wireless DualShock 3 / Sixaxis Controller
    • Composite AV cable
    • Ethernet cable
    • USB cable
    • Internal hard drive (500GB/1TB)[58][59]
    • Wireless DualShock 4 Controller
    • Mono Headset
    • Power Cable
    • HDMI Cable
    • USB Cable
    Accessories (retail)
    CPU R3000A 32bit RISC chip @ 33.7 MHz - Manufactured by LSI Corporation 300 MHz MIPS "Emotion Engine" Cell Broadband Engine (3.2 GHz Power Architecture-based PPE with eight 3.2 GHz SPE) 8-Core 1.6 GHz AMD "Jaguar"
    GPU 16.47 million colors

    Resolution: 256x224 - 640x480 Sprite/BG drawing Adjustable frame buffer No line restriction Unlimited CLUTs (Color Look-Up Tables) 4,000 8x8 pixel sprites with individual scaling and rotation Simultaneous backgrounds (Parallax scrolling) 620,000 polygons/sec

    147 MHz "Graphics Synthesizer"; fill rate 2.352 gigapixel/sec; 1.1 gigapixel w. 1 texture(diffuse); 588 megapixel/sec w. 2 textures (2 diffuse maps or 1 diffuse map and 1 other(0 around 74 mill, 1 around 40 mill, 2 around 20 mill); 2 textures per pass

    Capable of multi-pass rendering;

    Connected to VU1 on CPU (a vector only for visual style coding things with 3.2Gflops) to deliver enhanced shader graphics and other enhanced graphics

    550 MHz RSX "Reality Synthesizer" (based on Nvidia G70 architecture) Custom AMD Radeon
    18 Compute Units (1152 shaders) @ 800 MHz[60]
    Online service N/A Non-unified service PlayStation Network
    PlayStation Store
    Internet browser
    A/V chat via PlayStation Eye or PS2 EyeToy, voice chat via headset
    PlayStation Network
    Backward compatibility N/A PlayStation 20GB & 60GB: All PlayStation and PlayStation 2 titles

    Original 80GB: All PS1 titles, most PS2 titles.[61]

    All other models (model code CECHGxx and later): Support for PS1 titles only.

    No native backwards compatibility. Cloud based backwards compatibility via PlayStation Now.[62] Emulated PlayStation 2 titles available from the PlayStation Store.
    System software proprietary OS proprietary OS, Linux
    DVD Playback Kit
    XrossMediaBar (XMB) Orbis OS[63]
    System software
    features
    Audio CD playback
    Audio CD playback

    DVD Playback

    Operating Systems can be installed and run via a hypervisor (feature unavailable with Slim Model[64])

    Audio CD playback

    Audio file playback (ATRAC3, AAC, MP3, WAV, WMA)
    Video file playback (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264-AVC, DivX )

    Blu-ray playback

    DVD playback

    Image editing and slideshows (JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, BMP)
    Mouse and keyboard support
    Folding@Home client with visualizations from the RSX

    Blu-ray playback

    DVD playback
    Audio playback from inserted USB flash drive

    Consumer programmability Requires the Net Yaroze kit Yabasic software, Linux for PlayStation 2 Development on console via free Linux platform or PC. TBA

    Handheld systems

    PocketStation

    Main article: PocketStation
    PocketStation

    The PocketStation was a miniature game console created by SCE as a peripheral for the original PlayStation.[65] Released exclusively in Japan on December 23, 1999,[66] it featured a monochrome LCD, a speaker, a real-time clock and infrared communication capability. It could also be used as a standard PlayStation memory card by connecting it to a PlayStation memory card slot.[65] It was extremely popular in Japan and Sony originally had plans to release it in the United States but the plan was ultimately scrapped due to various manufacturing and supply-and-demand problems.[67][68]

    PlayStation Portable

    Main article: PlayStation Portable
    The original PlayStation Portable (PSP-1000)

    The PlayStation Portable (PSP) was Sony's first handheld console to compete with Nintendo's DS console. The original model (PSP-1000) was released in December 2004 and March 2005,[69] The console is the first to utilize a new proprietary optical storage medium known as Universal Media Disc (UMD), which can store both games and movies.[70][71] It contains 32 MB of internal flash memory storage, expandable via Memory Stick PRO Duo cards.[72] It has a similar control layout to the PS3 with its PlayStation logo button and its ('Triangle'), ('Circle/O'), ('Cross/X') and ('Square') buttons in their white-colored forms.

    PSP-2000 and PSP-3000 models

    A PSP Slim & Lite (PSP-2000) console

    The PSP-2000 (also known as the Slim & Lite in PAL territories) was the first major hardware revision of the PlayStation Portable, released in September 2007. The 2000 series was 33% lighter and 19% slimmer than the original PlayStation Portable.[73][74] The capacity of the battery was also reduced by ⅓ but the run time remained the same as the previous model due to lower power consumption. Older model batteries will still work and they extend the amount of playing time.[75] The PSP Slim & Lite has a new gloss finish. Its serial port was also modified in order to accommodate a new video-out feature (while rendering older PSP remote controls incompatible). On a PSP-2000, PSP games will only output to external monitors or TVs in progressive scan mode, so that televisions incapable of supporting progressive scan will not display PSP games; non-game video will output in either progressive or interlaced mode. USB charging was also made possible.[76] Buttons are also reportedly more responsive on the PSP-2000.[77] In 2008, Sony released a second hardware revision called the PSP-3000 which included several features that were not present in the PSP-2000, such as a built-in microphone and upgraded screen, as well as the ability to output PSP games in interlaced mode.

    PSP Go model

    Piano Black PSP Go (open position)

    Released in October 2009, the PSP Go is the biggest redesign of the PlayStation Portable to date. Unlike previous PSP models, the PSP Go does not feature a UMD drive but instead has 16 GB of internal flash memory to store games, videos and other media.[78] This can be extended by up to 32GB with the use of a Memory Stick Micro (M2) flash card. Also unlike previous PSP models, the PSP Go's rechargeable battery is not removable or replaceable by the user. The unit is 43% lighter and 56% smaller than the original PSP-1000,[79] and 16% lighter and 35% smaller than the PSP-3000.[80] It has a 3.8" 480 × 272 LCD[81] (compared to the larger 4.3" 480 × 272 pixel LCD on previous PSP models).[82] The screen slides up to reveal the main controls. The overall shape and sliding mechanism are similar to that of Sony's mylo COM-2 internet device.[83] The PSP Go is being produced and sold concurrently with its predecessor the PSP-3000 although it will not replace it.[79] All games on the PSP Go must be purchased and downloaded from the PlayStation Store as the handheld is not compatible with the original PSP's physical media, the Universal Media Disc. The handheld also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3's controllers the Sixaxis and DualShock 3 via Bluetooth connection.[80]

    PSP-E1000 model

    The PSP-E1000 is a budget-focused PSP model which, unlike previous PSP models, does not feature Wi-Fi or stereo speakers (replaced by a single mono speaker)[84] and has a matte "charcoal black" finish similar to the slim PlayStation 3.[85] The E1000 was announced at Gamescom 2011 and available across the PAL region for an RRP of 99.99.[85]

    PlayStation Vita

    Main article: PlayStation Vita
    The PlayStation Vita

    Released in Japan on December 17, 2011 and North America on February 22, 2012,[86] the PlayStation Vita[87] was previously codenamed Next Generation Portable (NGP). It was officially unveiled by Sony on January 27, 2011 at the PlayStation Meeting 2011.[88] The original model of the handheld, the PCH-1000 series features a 5-inch OLED touchscreen,[89] two analog sticks, a rear touchpad, Sixaxis motion sensing and a 4 core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor.

    The new PCH-2000 series system is a lighter redesign of the device that was announced at the SCEJA Press Conference in September 2013 prior to the Tokyo Game Show. This model is 20% thinner and 15% lighter compared to the original model, has an additional hour of battery life, an LCD instead of OLED, includes a micro USB Type B port, 1GB of internal storage memory. It was released in Japan on October 10, 2013 in six colors: white, black, pink, yellow, blue, and olive green, and in North America on May 6, 2014.[90]

    Other hardware

    PSX (2003)

    Main article: PSX (DVR)
    The PSX

    Released solely in Japan in 2003, the Sony PSX was a fully integrated DVR and PlayStation 2 video game console. It was the first Sony product to utilize the XrossMediaBar (XMB)[91] and can be linked with a PlayStation Portable to transfer videos and music via USB.[92] It also features software for video, photo and audio editing.[91] PSX supports online game compatibility using an internal broadband adapter. Games that utilize the PS2 HDD (for example, Final Fantasy XI) are supported as well.[93] It was the first product released by Sony under the PlayStation brand that did not include a controller with the device itself.[94]

    Television sets

    Released in 2010, the Sony BRAVIA KDL22PX300 is a 22 inch 720p television which incorporates a PlayStation 2 console, along with 4 HDMI ports.[95]

    A 24 inch 1080p PlayStation branded 3D television, officially called the PlayStation 3D Display, was released in late 2011. A feature of this 3D television is SimulView. During multiplayer games, each player will only see their respective screen (in full HD) appear on the television through their respective 3D glasses, instead of seeing a split screen (e.g. player 1 will only see player 1's screen displayed through their 3D glasses).

    Sony Ericsson Xperia Play

    Main article: Xperia Play

    The Xperia Play is an Android-powered smartphone with a slide-up gamepad resembling the PSP Go developed by Sony Ericsson aimed at gamers, and is the first to be PlayStation Certified. Also can download PlayStation Suite App.

    Sony Tablets

    Sony Tablets are PlayStation Certified Android tablets, released in 2011, 2012, and 2013. They offer connectivity with PlayStation 3 controllers, and integrate with the PlayStation network using a proprietary application. The following models were released between 2011 and 2013: S, Sony Tablet S, Sony Tablet P, Xperia Tablet S and Xperia Tablet Z.

    PlayStation TV

    Main article: PlayStation TV

    PlayStation TV, known in Asia as PlayStation Vita TV, is a microconsole and a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita handheld. It was announced on September 9, 2013 at a Sony Computer Entertainment Japan presentation. Instead of featuring a display screen, the console connects to a television via HDMI. Users can play using a DualShock 3 controller, although due to the difference in features between the controller and the handheld, certain games are not compatible with PS TV, such as those that are dependent on the system's touch-screen, rear touchpad, microphone or camera. The device is said to be compatible with over 100 Vita games, as well as various digital PlayStation Portable, PlayStation and PC Engine titles. The system supports Remote Play compatibility with the PlayStation 4, allowing players to stream games from the PS4 to a separate TV connected to PS TV, and also allows users to stream content from video services such as Hulu and Niconico, as well as access the PlayStation Store. The system was released in Japan on November 14, 2013, in North America on October 14, 2014, and in Europe and Australasia on November 14, 2014.[96]

    PlayStation VR

    PlayStation VR is a virtual reality device that is produced by Sony Computer Entertainment. It features a 5.7 inch 1920x1080 resolution OLED display, and operates at 120fps which can eliminate blur and produce a smooth image; the device also has a low latency of less than 18ms.[97]Additionally, it produces two sets of images, one being visible on a TV and one for the headset, and includes 3D audio technology so the player can hear from all angles. The PlayStation VR was released in October 2016.[98]

    Games

    Each console has a variety of games. Most games released on the original PlayStation are backwards compatible and can be played directly on its successors, the PlayStation 2, PSX and PlayStation 3. Some of these games can also be played on the PlayStation Portable but they must be purchased and downloaded from a list of PSone Classics from the PlayStation Store. Games released on the PlayStation 2 can currently only be played on the original console as well as the PSX and the early models of the PlayStation 3 which are backwards compatible. The PlayStation 3 has two types of games, those released on Blu-ray Discs and downloadable games from the PlayStation Store. The PlayStation Portable consists of numerous games available on both its physical media, the Universal Media Disc and the Digital Download from the PlayStation Store. However, some games are only available on the UMD while others are only available on the PlayStation Store. The PlayStation Vita consists of games available on both its physical media, the PlayStation Vita card and digital download from the PlayStation Store.

    First party games

    Sony Computer Entertainment Worldwide Studios is a group of video game developers owned by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is dedicated to developing video games exclusively for the PlayStation series of consoles. The series has produced several best-selling franchises such as the Gran Turismo series of racing video games as well as critically acclaimed titles such as the Uncharted series. Other notable franchises include God of War, Twisted Metal and more recently, LittleBigPlanet (series), InFAMOUS, and MotorStorm.

    Re-releases

    Greatest Hits (North America), Platinum Range (PAL territories) and The Best (Japan and Asia) are video games for the Sony PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Portable consoles that have been officially re-released at a lower price by Sony. Each region has its own qualifications to enter the re-release program. Initially, during the PlayStation era, a game had to sell at least 150,000 copies (later 250,000)[99] and be on the market for at least a year[100] to enter the Greatest Hits range. During the PlayStation 2 era, the requirements increased with the minimum number of copies sold increasing to 400,000 and the game had to be on the market for at least 9 months.[99] For the PlayStation Portable, games had to be on the market for at least 9 months with 250,000 copies or more sold.[101] Currently, a PlayStation 3 game must be on the market for 10 months and sell at least 500,000 copies to meet the Greatest Hits criteria.[102] PSone Classics were games that were released originally on the PlayStation and have been re-released on the PlayStation Store for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable. Classics HD are compilations of PlayStation 2 games that have been remastered for the PlayStation 3 on a single disc with additional features such as upscaled graphics, PlayStation Move support, 3D support and PlayStation Network trophies. PlayStation Mobile (formerly PlayStation Suite) is a cross-platform, cross-device software framework aimed at providing PlayStation content, currently original PlayStation games, across several devices including PlayStation Certified Android devices as well as the PlayStation Vita.

    Online services

    PlayStation 2 online service

    Online gaming on PlayStation consoles first started in July 2001 with the release of PlayStation 2's unnamed online service in Japan. Later in August 2002 saw its release in North America, followed by the European release in June 2003. This service was shutdown on the 31st of March 2016.

    PlayStation Network

    Main article: PlayStation Network

    Released in 2006, the PlayStation Network is an online service[103] focusing on online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery. The service is provided and run by Sony Computer Entertainment for use with the PlayStation 3, and was later implemented on the PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 4 video game consoles.[104] The service currently has over 110 million users worldwide (as of July 2013).[10] The Sony Entertainment Network provides other features for users like PlayStation Home, PlayStation Store, and Trophies.

    PlayStation Store

    Main article: PlayStation Store

    The PlayStation Store is an online virtual market available to users of the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable game consoles via the PlayStation Network. The store uses both physical currency and PlayStation Network Cards. The PlayStation Store's gaming content is updated every Tuesday and offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge. Available content includes full games, add-on content, playable demos, themes and game and movie trailers. The service is accessible through an icon on the XMB on the PS3 and PSP. The PS3 store can also be accessed on the PSP via a Remote Play connection to the PS3. The PSP store is also available via the PC application, Media Go. As of September 24, 2009, there have been over 600 million downloads from the PlayStation Store worldwide.[105]

    Video content such as films and television shows are also available from the PlayStation Store on the PlayStation 3 and PSP and will be made available on some new Sony BRAVIA televisions, VAIO laptop computers and Sony Blu-ray Disc players from February 2010.[106]

    Life with PlayStation

    Main article: Life with PlayStation

    Life with PlayStation was a Folding@home application available for PlayStation 3 which connected to Stanford University’s Folding@home distributed computer network and allowed the user to donate their console's spare processing cycles to the project.[107] Folding@home is supported by Stanford University and volunteers make a contribution to society by donating computing power to this project. Research made by the project may eventually contribute to the creation of vital cures. The Folding@home client was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment in collaboration with Stanford University.[108] Life with PlayStation also consisted of a 3D virtual view of the Earth and contained current weather and news information of various cities and countries from around the world, as well as a World Heritage channel which offered information about historical sites, and the United Village channel which is a project designed to share information about communities and cultures worldwide.[109][110] As of PlayStation 3 system software update version 4.30 on October 24, 2012, the Life With PlayStation project has ended.

    PlayStation Plus

    Main article: PlayStation Plus

    PlayStation Plus, a subscription-based service on the PlayStation Network, compliments the standard PSN services.[111] It enables an auto-download feature which allows the console to automatically download game patches and system software updates. Subscribers also gain early or exclusive access to some betas, game demos, premium downloadable content (such as full game trials of retail games like Infamous and LittleBigPlanet) and other PlayStation Store items, as well as a free subscription to Qore. Other downloadable items include PlayStation Store discounts and free PlayStation Network games, PSone Classics, PlayStation Minis, themes and avatars.[112]

    PlayStation Blog

    Main article: PlayStation Blog

    PlayStation Blog is an online PlayStation focused gaming blog which is part of the PlayStation Network. It was launched on June 11, 2007[113] and since its launch, has featured in numerous interviews with third-party companies such as Square Enix.[114] It also has posts from high-ranking Sony Computer Entertainment executives such as Jack Tretton, President and Chief Executive Officer of Sony Computer Entertainment.[115] A sub-site of the blog called PlayStation Blog Share was launched on March 17, 2010 and allowed readers of the blog as well as users of the PlayStation Blog to submit ideas to the PlayStation team about anything PlayStation-related and vote on the ideas of other submissions.[116][117]

    PlayStation App

    Main article: PlayStation App

    The PlayStation App is an application that was released on January 11, 2011 in several European countries for iOS (version 4 and above) and for Android (version 1.6 and above),[118] and has been installed more than 3.6 million times as of March 2, 2014.[119] It allows users to view their trophies, see which of their PSN friends are online and read up to date information about PlayStation.[118] It does not feature any gaming functionality.[118]

    PlayStation Mobile

    Main article: PlayStation Mobile

    The PlayStation Mobile (formerly PlayStation Suite) is a software framework that will be used to provide downloadable PlayStation content to devices running Android 2.3 and above as well as the PlayStation Vita. The framework will be cross-platform and cross-device, which is what Sony calls "hardware-neutral". It is currently set to release before the end of calendar year 2011. In addition, Android devices that have been certified to be able to play back PlayStation Suite content smoothly will be certified with the PlayStation Certified certification.[13]

    PlayStation Now

    Main article: PlayStation Now

    PlayStation Now (PS Now) is a Gaikai-based video game streaming service used to provide PlayStation gaming content to PlayStation 3 (PS3), PlayStation 4 (PS4), PlayStation Vita, PlayStation TV and BRAVIA televisions.[120] The service currently allows users to pay for access to a selection of original PlayStation 3 titles on either a per-game basis or via a subscription. PlayStation Now was announced on January 7, 2014 at the 2014 Consumer Electronic Show. At CES, Sony presented demos of The Last of Us, God of War: Ascension, Puppeteer and Beyond: Two Souls, playable through PS Now on Bravia TVs and PlayStation Vitas. PlayStation Now was launched in Open Beta in the United States and Canada on PS4 on July 31, 2014, on PS3 on September 18, 2014, on PS Vita and PS TV on October 14, 2014, with support for select 2014 Bravia TVs coming later in the year.[121]

    Online social networking services

    PlayStation Home

    Main article: PlayStation Home

    PlayStation Home is a community-based social gaming networking service for the PlayStation 3 on the PlayStation Network (PSN). It is available directly from the PlayStation 3 XrossMediaBar. Membership is free, and only requires a PSN account. Home has been in development since early 2005 and started an open public beta test on December 11, 2008.[122] Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be made to suit the user's preference.[123] Users can decorate their avatar's personal apartment ("HomeSpace") with default, bought, or won items. They can travel throughout the Home world (except cross region), which is constantly updated by Sony and partners. Each part of the world is known as a space. Public spaces can just be for display, fun, or for meeting people. Home features many mini-games which can be single player or multiplayer. Users can shop for new items to express themselves more through their avatars or HomeSpace.[124] Home features video screens in many places for advertising, but the main video content is shown at the theatre for entertainment. Home plays host to a variety of special events which range from prize-giving events to entertaining events. Users can also use Home to connect with friends and customize content.[122] Xi, a once notable feature of Home, is the world's first console based Alternate Reality Game that took place in secret areas in Home and was created by nDreams.[125][126]

    Room for PlayStation Portable

    "Room" (officially spelled as R∞M with capital letters and the infinity symbol in place of the "oo") was being beta tested in Japan from October 2009 to April 2010. Development of Room has been halted on April 15, 2010 due to negative feedback from the community.[127] Announced at TGS 2009, it was supposed to be a similar service to the PlayStation Home and was being developed for the PSP.[128] Launching directly from the PlayStation Network section of the XMB was also to be enabled. Just like in Home, PSP owners would have been able to invite other PSP owners into their rooms to "enjoy real time communication."[129] A closed beta test had begun in Q4 2009 in Japan.[130]

    Software

    XrossMediaBar

    Main article: XrossMediaBar

    The XrossMediaBar, originally used on the PSX, is a graphical user interface currently used for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, as well as a variety of other Sony devices. The interface features icons that are spread horizontally across the screen. Navigation moves the icons instead of a cursor. These icons are used as categories to organize the options available to the user. When an icon is selected on the horizontal bar, several more appear vertically, above and below it (selectable by the up and down directions on a directional pad).[131] The XMB can also be accessed in-game albeit with restrictions, it allows players to access certain areas of the XMB menu from within the game and is only available for the PlayStation 3.[132] Although the capacity to play users' own music in-game was added with this update, the feature is dependent on game developers who must either enable the feature in their games or update existing games.[133]

    LiveArea

    Main article: LiveArea

    LiveArea, designed to be used on the PlayStation Vita, is a graphical user interface set to incorporate various social networking features via the PlayStation Network. It has been designed specifically as a touchscreen user interface for users.[134]

    Linux operating systems

    Linux for PlayStation 2

    In 2002, Sony released the first useful and fully functioning operating system for a video game console, after the Net Yaroze experiment for the original PlayStation. The kit, which included an internal hard disk drive and the necessary software tools, turned the PlayStation 2 into a full-fledged computer system running Linux. Users can utilize a network adapter to connect the PlayStation 2 to the internet, a monitor cable adaptor to connect the PlayStation 2 to computer monitors as well as a USB Keyboard and Mouse which can be used to control Linux on the PlayStation 2.[135][136]

    Linux for PlayStation 3

    Main article: OtherOS

    The PlayStation 3 (excluding PlayStation 3 Slim) also supports running Linux OS on firmwares prior to 3.21 without the need for buying additional hardware purchase. Yellow Dog Linux provides an official distribution that can be downloaded, and other distributions such as Fedora, Gentoo and Ubuntu have been successfully installed and operated on the console.[33] The use of Linux on the PlayStation 3 allowed users to access 6 of the 7 Synergistic Processing Elements; Sony implemented a hypervisor restricting access to the RSX. The feature to install a second operating system on a PlayStation 3 was removed in a firmware update released in 2010.[137]

    Controllers

    Early PlayStation controllers

    A PlayStation Controller.

    Released in 1994, the PlayStation control pad was the first controller made for the original PlayStation. It featured a basic design of a D-pad, 4 main select buttons ( ('Green Triangle'), ('Red Circle/Red O')), ('Blue Cross/Blue X') and ('Pink Square'),[138] and start and select buttons on the face. 'Shoulder buttons' are also featured on the top [L1, L2, R1, R2] (named by the side [L=Left, R=Right] and 1 and 2 [top and bottom]). In 1996, Sony released the PlayStation Analog Joystick for use with flight simulation games.[139] The original digital controller was then replaced by the Dual Analog in 1997, which added two analog sticks based on the same potentiometer technology as the Analog Joystick.[140] This controller was then also succeeded by the DualShock controller.

    DualShock series and Sixaxis

    Main articles: DualShock and Sixaxis
    A DualShock 3 controller

    Released in 1998, the DualShock controller for the PlayStation succeeded its predecessor, the Dual Analog, and would go on to become the longest running series of controllers for the PlayStation brand. In addition to the inputs of the original, digital, controller (, , , , L1, L2, R1, R2, Start, Select and a D-pad), the DualShock featured two analog sticks in a similar fashion to the previous Dual Analog controller, which can also be depressed to activate the L3 and R3 buttons.[141]

    The DualShock series consists of four controllers: the DualShock which was the fourth controller released for the PlayStation; the DualShock 2, the only standard controller released for the PlayStation 2, and the DualShock 3, the second and current controller released for the PlayStation 3, and the DualShock 4, which went through a massive redesign and is the default input of the PlayStation 4, and upon release was compatible with the PS3 originally only via USB and eventually with a firmware update, Bluetooth connectivity was enabled. The Sixaxis was the first official controller for the PlayStation 3, and is based on the same design as the DualShock series (but lacking the vibration motors of the DualShock series of controllers).

    Like the Dual Analog, the DualShock and DualShock 2 feature an "Analog" button between the analog sticks that toggles the analog sticks on and off (for use with games which support only the digital input of the original controller). On the PlayStation 3 Sixaxis and DualShock 3 controllers, the analog sticks are always enabled. Beginning with the Sixaxis, a 'PlayStation button' (which featured the incorporated PS logo and is similar in function to the Xbox 360 "Guide" button) was included on controllers. The PlayStation button replaces the "Analog" button of the DualShock and DualShock 2 controllers. Pressing the PS button on the PS3 brings up the XMB, while holding it down brings up system options (such as quit the game, change controller settings, turn off the system, and turn off the controller).[142]

    PlayStation Move

    Main article: PlayStation Move
    A PlayStation Move controller

    PlayStation Move is a motion-sensing game controller platform for the PlayStation 3 video game console by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). Based on the handheld motion controller wand, PlayStation Move uses the PlayStation Eye webcam to track the wand's position and the inertial sensors in the wand to detect its motion. First revealed on June 2, 2009, PlayStation Move was launched in Q3/Q4 2010. Hardware available at launch included the main PlayStation Move motion controller and an optional PlayStation Move sub-controller.[143] Although PlayStation Move is implemented on the existing PlayStation 3 console, Sony states that it is treating Move's debut as its own major "platform launch", planning an aggressive marketing campaign to support it. In addition to selling the controllers individually,[144] Sony also plans to provide several different bundle options for PlayStation Move hardware; including a starter kit with a PS Eye, a Move motion controller, and a demo/sampler disc, priced under US$100;[145] a full console pack with a PS3 console, DualShock 3 gamepad, PS Eye, and Move motion controller; and bundles of a Move motion controller with select games.[144]

    Media

    Magazines

    The PlayStation brand has a wide series of magazines, from across different continents, covering PlayStation related articles and stories. Many of these magazines work closely with Sony and thus often come with demo discs for PlayStation games. Currently there are three magazines still in circulation namely PlayStation: The Official Magazine,[146] PlayStation Official Magazine,[147] Official PlayStation Magazine (Australia).[148] However, over the years, many PlayStation magazines have spawned while a few have also become defunct, these include the Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine,[149] Official UK PlayStation Magazine,[150] Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine.[151]

    CD ROM Magazine

    PlayStation Underground was a non-traditional magazine that Sony Computer Entertainment America produced and published between Spring 1997 to Spring 2001. Subscribers received two PlayStation CDs, along with a booklet and colorful packaging every quarter.[152] The CDs contained interviews, cheats, programmers moves, game demos and one-of-a-kind Memory Card saves. Several issues showed how a game was created from basic design to final product. Since the CDs could only be run on a PlayStation, it proved a useful marketing tool which spawned a line of PlayStation Underground JamPacks Demo CDs and which contained highlights from recent issues of PlayStation Underground, along with seemingly as many game demos that could be packed on a single CD. Unlike PlayStation Underground these were available in most stores for $4.95, were published twice a year in Summer and Winter and usually spotlighted newly released or coming soon games. By 2001, Sony had decided to phase out Underground to focus on the JamPacks with the release of the PlayStation 2. PlayStation Underground CDs are mainly in the hands of collectors these days.[153]

    Marketing

    Promotion of the PlayStation at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2003

    The PlayStation has been known for several advertising campaigns.

    Slogans

    Advertising slogans used for each PlayStation console iteration:

    PlayStation
    PSone
    PlayStation 2
    PlayStation Portable
    PlayStation 3
    PlayStation Move
    PlayStation Network
    PlayStation Vita
    PlayStation 4

    Notable advertising campaigns

    It Only Does Everything

    The most notable of recent PlayStation commercials is the series of "It Only Does Everything" commercials featuring a fictional character called Kevin Butler who is a Vice President at PlayStation. These commercials usually advertise the PlayStation 3 and its games through a series of comedic answers to "Dear PlayStation" queries.[164] These commercials garnered popularity among gamers, though its debut commercial received criticism from the Nigerian government due to a reference to the common 419 scams originating in Nigeria. Sony issued an apology and a new version of the advert with the offending line changed was produced.[170]

    A spin-off of the campaign has been created for the PlayStation Portable which features similar campaign commercials called the "Step Your Game Up" campaign featuring a fictional teenage character named Marcus Rivers acting in a similar fashion to Kevin Butler but answering the "Dear PlayStation" queries about the PSP.[161]

    Netherlands Ceramic White PSP Commercials

    In July 2006, an advertising campaign in the Netherlands was released in which a white model dressed entirely in white and a black model dressed entirely in black was used to compare Sony's new Ceramic White PSP and the original Piano Black PSP. This series of ads depicted both models fighting with each other[171] and drew criticism from the media for being racist, though Sony maintains that the ad did not feature any racist message.[172]

    All I want for Xmas is a PSP

    In November 2006, a marketing company employed by Sony's American division created a website entitled "All I want for Xmas is a PSP", designed to promote the PSP virally. The site contained a blog which was purportedly written by "Charlie", a teenage boy attempting to get his friend Jeremy's parents to buy him a PSP, and providing a "music video" of either Charlie or Jeremy "rapping" about the PSP. Visitors to the website quickly recognized that the website was registered to a marketing company, exposing the campaign on sites such as YouTube and digg. Sony was forced to admit that the site was in fact a marketing campaign and in an interview with next-gen.biz, Sony admitted that the idea was "poorly executed".[173]

    Reception

    In 2005, Australian newspaper The Age wrote an article about the PlayStation brand. Among the numerous interviews conducted with various people in the industry was an interview with Dr Jeffrey Brand, associate professor in communication and media at Bond University who said, "PlayStation re-ignited our imagination with video games". Game designers Yoshiki Okamoto called the brand "revolutionary — PlayStation has changed gaming, distribution, sales, image and more", while Evan Wells of Naughty Dog said "PlayStation is responsible for making playing games cool."[174]

    In 2009, ViTrue, Inc. listed the PlayStation brand as number 13 on their "The Vitrue 100: Top Social Brands of 2009". The ranking was based on various aspects mainly dealing with popular social media sites in aspects such as Social Networking, Video Sharing, Photo Sharing and Blogs.[175]

    In 2010, Gizmodo stated that the PlayStation brand was one of the last Sony products to completely stand apart from its competitors, stating that "If you ask the average person on the street what their favorite Sony product is, more often than not you'll hear PlayStation".[176] As of April 2012, the PlayStation brand is the "most followed" brand on social networking site, Facebook, with over 22 million fans and followers in total which is more than any other brand in the entertainment industry. A study by Greenlight's Entertainment Retail has also shown that the PlayStation brand is the most interactive making 634 posts and tweets on social networking sites Facebook and Twitter.[177]

    In July 2014, Sony boasted in a company release video that the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita sold a combined total of 100 million units.[178] It was announced at Tokyo Game Show on September 1, 2014, that PlayStation home game consoles claim 78% market share of all home consoles in Japan.[179]

    As of 2015, PlayStation is the strongest selling console brand worldwide.[180]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Business Development/Japan". Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
    2. 1 2 3 "PlayStation 2 Breaks Record as the Fastest Computer Entertainment Platform to Reach Cumulative Shipment of 120 Million Units" (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment. November 30, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-23. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
    3. 1 2 3 "NeoGAF". NeoGAF.
    4. 1 2 3 "Now PS3 sales reach 80m units". Market for Home Computing and Video Games. November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
    5. PLAYSTATION®3 SALES REACH 80 MILLION UNITS WORLDWIDE Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
    6. rossmcguinness20 (November 27, 2013). "Xbox One v PlayStation 4: Who will win the next-gen console race? - Metro News". Metro.
    7. Keith Stuart. "PlayStation 2 manufacture ends after 12 years". the Guardian.
    8. "News: Sony announces PS Vita TV microconsole". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. September 9, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
    9. "DualShock 3 Wireless Controller available for PlayStation 3 this summer". Next-Gen.biz. July 1, 2008. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
    10. 1 2 "PSN Passes 110 Million Accounts, Sony Pictures Developing Exclusive "Original TV-Style Programming" for PSN, Timed Exclusives - PlayStation LifeStyle". PlayStation LifeStyle.
    11. "Sony USA - Electronics, PlayStation, Movies, Music, Product Support". Archived from the original on January 22, 2014.
    12. Unity for PSM and PSM SDK 2.0 are now ready for submission!. PSM DevPortal. Retrieved on July 15, 2014.
    13. 1 2 Plunkett, Luke (January 26, 2011). "PlayStation Games Coming To Android Phones". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
    14. "58th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards". Emmy Online. January 8, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
    15. Ashcraft, Brian (February 19, 2010). "What's The Father of the PlayStation Doing These Days?". Kotaku. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
    16. Magrino, Tom (November 11, 2009). "'Father of the PlayStation' adopts new start up". IGN. Archived from the original on March 3, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
    17. "Game Over", by David Scheff
    18. "Celebrating Software". Computer Gaming World. June 1991. p. 64. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
    19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Edge Staff (April 24, 2009). "The Making Of: PlayStation". Edge Online. Edge Magazine. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
    20. "How Virtua Fighter Saved PlayStation's Bacon". WIRED. September 5, 2012.
    21. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/history_e.html Corporate History. Archived January 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Sony Computer Entertainment. Last Access: August 14, 2010
    22. "75 Power Players: The Heavyweight". Next Generation. Imagine Media (11): 58. November 1995.
    23. 1 2 "PlayStation Cumulative Production Shipments of Hardware". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
    24. "SCEE 2000—Key Facts and Figures". Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. Archived from the original on September 19, 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
    25. 1 2 Smith, Tony (December 6, 2000). "Sony PSone sales rocket as PS Two famine continues". theregister.co.uk. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
    26. Rick Aristotle Munarriz (February 15, 2007). "PS2 on fool.com". fool.com. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
    27. プレイステーション2の日本国内での出荷が本日(2012年12月28日)で完了. Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
    28. "PlayStation 2 manufacture ends after 12 years". The Guardian. January 4, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
    29. Gantayat, Anoop (June 8, 2007). "PS2 Gets Lighter". IGN.com. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
    30. Sony Computer Entertainment. "PlayStation®2 (SCPH-90000 SERIES) comes in a new design and in three color variations". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    31. 1 2 3 Miller, Paul (August 18, 2009). "Sony unveils slimmer PS3: $300, lands in September (updated!)". Engadget. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
    32. Miller, Ross (August 27, 2009). "PlayStation 3 Slim review". Engadget. AOL Tech. Retrieved July 26, 2010.[ PlayStation 3 Slim review]
    33. 1 2 "Sony answers our questions about the new PlayStation 3". Ars Technica. August 18, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
    34. "New PS3 has sold over one million". Eurogamer. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
    35. "Entertainment on PS3 has a new look". PlayStation AU. August 18, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
    36. Carnoy, David (August 18, 2009). "Sony officially announces $299 PS3 Slim". cnet. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
    37. Bishop, Bryan (February 20, 2013). "Sony announces the PlayStation 4". TheVerge. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
    38. Rivington, James (February 20, 2013). "The PlayStation 4 has been officially revealed in New York!". TechRadar. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
    39. Goldfarb, Andrew (February 20, 2013). "PlayStation 4 Revealed". IGN. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
    40. Minkley, Johnny (November 23, 2011). "Sony: it would be "undesirable" for PS4 to launch significantly later than the competition". Eurogamer. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
    41. 1 2 Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (February 21, 2013). "SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT INC. INTRODUCES PLAYSTATION®4 (PS4™)". Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
    42. "PlayStation™Now: Bringing Game Streaming to Consoles". Retrieved April 23, 2014.
    43. Jackson, Mike (February 20, 2013). "Gaikai tech brings spectating, instant demos, more to PS4". Retrieved February 25, 2013.
    44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Business Development/North America". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
    45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Business Development/Europe". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
    46. Boxer, Steve (February 1, 2007). "PS3 launch price is no fun for UK gamers". The Guardian. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
    47. "Business Development/Japan". Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
    48. "SCEE 1995—Key Facts and Figures". Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
    49. Thorsen, Tor (October 26, 2007). "Sony: 120 million PS2s sold". GameSpot. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    50. Phillips, Tom (September 9, 2013). "PlayStation 4 won't launch in Japan until February 2014". Eurogamer. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
    51. Koller, John (August 20, 2013). "PS4 Launches in North America on November 15th, Gamescom Wrap-up". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
    52. 1 2 Ryan, Jim (August 21, 2013). "PlayStation at gamescom 2013: The best place to play". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
    53. "PlayStation®4 (PS4™) Sells Through 5.7 Million Units Worldwide During The 2015 Holiday Season" (Press release). Tokyo: Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. January 5, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2016 via PRNewswire.
    54. 1 2 "Gran Turismo Series Shipment Exceeds 50 Million Units Worldwide" (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment. May 9, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
    55. ""Gran Turismo" Series Software Title List". Polyphony Digital. April 2008. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
    56. "Uncharted 4 First Week Sales Surpass 2.7 Million". PlayStation.Blog. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
    57. "PS3 SACD FAQ". ps3sacd.com. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
    58. "Design and Price Unveiled, Available at $399 in U.S. and at €399 in Europe". Playstation. Sony Computer Entertainment America LLC. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
    59. "PS4 Systems". Playstation. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
    60. "The Xbox One: Hardware Analysis & Comparison to PlayStation 4". Eurogamer.net. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
    61. Gantayat, Anoop (November 12, 2006). "PS3 Backwards Compatibility Issues — New system has some problems with past titles". IGN.
    62. Hearn, Mark (February 20, 2013). "PlayStation 4 will not have native PS3 backwards compatibility". Retrieved June 8, 2013.
    63. Anthony, Sebastian. "PS4 runs Orbis OS, a modified version of FreeBSD that's similar to Linux | ExtremeTech". ExtreneTech. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
    64. Sony Computer Entertainment America Staff. "Open Platform for PlayStation 3". PlayStation.com. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    65. 1 2 プレイステーションの楽しみをさらに広げる (in Japanese). Sony Computer Entertainment. October 8, 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 1998. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
    66. "PocketStation delayed in Japan". Computer and Video Games. Future Publishing. December 9, 1998. Retrieved August 28, 2008. Sony has delayed the Japanese release of its PocketStation PDA from December 23 to January 23, 1999.
    67. Wheeler, Commodore (May 13, 1999). "Pocketstation Cancelled in the US". RPGFan. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
    68. IGN staff (May 13, 1999). "PocketStation Slips Indefinitely". IGN. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
    69. Thorsen, Tor (March 24, 2005). "The US PSP Launch". GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
    70. "E3 2003: PSP Press Release". gamedaily.com. December 31, 2003. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
    71. "Support — PSP — Movies". "Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on August 5, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
    72. Lam, Brian (July 11, 2007). "New PSP Slim Coming September, Kinda Looks the Same". Retrieved October 16, 2007.
    73. "Get the skinny!". Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. July 12, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
    74. Gregory A. Quirk (November 20, 2007). "Under the Hood: Sony Playstation Portable slims down". EE Times. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
    75. PlayStation Portable Safety and Support Manual
    76. "Hands on with PSP Slim". pocketgamer.co.UK. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
    77. "E3 07: Redesigned Sony PSP Hands-On". GameSpot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
    78. Bramwell, Tom (May 30, 2009). "Sony Qore accidentally outs PSP Go". EuroGamer. p. 1. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
    79. 1 2 Good, Owen (May 30, 2009). "Qore Lets Slip the First Look at PSP Go". Kotaku. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    80. 1 2 "UK Exclusive: More PSPgo Details". TheSixthAxis. June 27, 2009.
    81. Sony Computer Entertainment America Staff. "PSP systems". PlayStation.com. Sony Computer Entertainment America. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    82. Beaumont, Claudine (May 31, 2009). "Sony PSP: Details of new Go console leak ahead of E3". Telegraph.co.uk. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on June 6, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    83. Chen, Jason (May 30, 2009). "So the PSP Go Is Basically a Sony Mylo 2 With Gaming Then?". Gizmodo.
    84. Skipper (August 18, 2011). "Sony has Introduced PSP-E1000 and Slashed Price of PS3". Technorotic.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
    85. 1 2 "New PSP Announced At Gamescom 2011 – PlayStation.Blog.Europe". Blog.eu.playstation.com. April 15, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
    86. "Get Ready: PS Vita is Coming To the United Kingdom and North America at February 22nd – PlayStation Blog". PlayStation Blog. Sony. October 18, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
    87. "NGP becomes PlayStation Vita". Eurogamer. June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
    88. Savov, Vlad (January 27, 2011). "Sony's next PSP, codenamed NGP". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
    89. "PS Vita 2000 LCD Compared To OLED Display In The PS Vita 1000". NextPowerUp.
    90. Koller, John (February 10, 2014). "New PS Vita Model Confirmed for US, Included in Borderlands 2 Bundle". Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
    91. 1 2 "聞かせて! みんなの"PSX"生活" (in Japanese). Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
    92. "ハードディスク搭載DVDレコーダー"PSX" "PSP"" (in Japanese). Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
    93. "ハードディスク搭載DVDレコーダー"PSX"" (in Japanese). Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
    94. "ハードディスク搭載DVDレコーダー"PSX" Accessories" (in Japanese). Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
    95. "PS2 News: New Sony TV features in-built PS2 - ComputerAndVideoGames.com". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010.
    96. 2014-08-12, Gamescom 2014: PlayStation TV Launches in October, Bringing PS4 Remote Play to Your TV, GameSpot
    97. "PlayStation VR". Playstation. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
    98. Egan, Matt. "The latest leak 'confirms' the PlayStation VR release date". PC Advisor. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
    99. 1 2 Sony Computer Entertainment America Staff (September 11, 2003). "Sony Computer Entertainment America Expands Extensive "Greatest Hits" Software Library By Adding Three New Titles". PlayStation.com. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    100. Sony Computer Entertainment America Staff (March 3, 1997). "PlayStation Leads Videogame Industry with Aggressive New Price Structure; PlayStation Game Console to Retail for $149 and PlayStation Software to be Targeted at a MSRP of $49.99 or Less". Business Wire. Sony Computer Entertainment America. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    101. Haynes, Jeff (May 8, 2006). "E3 2006: PSP Greatest Hits Program to be Launched". IGN. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
    102. Nguyen, Kim (July 28, 2008). "PS3 Greatest Hits Launch Today". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    103. Graft, Kris (March 15, 2006). "PSBB: Kutaragi's 10 PlayStation Points". Next Gen. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
    104. Hirohiko Niizumi, Tor Thorsen (March 15, 2006). "PlayStation Network Platform detailed". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010.
    105. Tanaka, John (September 23, 2009). "TGS 2009: Keynote Address". IGN.
    106. "Sony "Leveraging" PSN Services for Other Sony Electronics". 1UP.com. July 1, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
    107. "Life with PlayStation". PlayStation.com. September 18, 2009. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
    108. Rimon, Noam (September 17, 2008). "Start your "Life with PlayStation"". PlayStation Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    109. "United Village Project". UNESCO World Heritage Site. UNESCO. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
    110. Ashcraft, Brian (September 18, 2008). "Life With PlayStation out now". Kotaku.
    111. Panico, Susan (June 24, 2010). "PlayStation Plus: Your Questions Answered". PlayStation Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    112. Reilly, Jim (June 24, 2010). "First PlayStation Plus Details". IGN. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    113. Seybold, Patrick (June 11, 2007). "Welcome, You've Been Waiting". PlayStation Blog. Archived from the original on August 6, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    114. Morell, Chris (February 12, 2010). "Final Fantasy XIII Your Questions Answered". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    115. Tretton, Jack (October 19, 2009). "Welcome to the PlayStation Nation". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    116. McWhertor, Michael (March 17, 2010). "What Do PlayStation 3 Owners Want Most From Sony?". Kotaku. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    117. Seybold, Patrick (March 17, 2010). "Introducing PlayStation Blog Share". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    118. 1 2 3 Orssaud, Emmanuel (December 16, 2010). "The Official PlayStation App, Coming Soon To iPhone And Android Handsets". PlayStation Blog Europe. Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
    119. "PlayStation®4 (PS4™) Sales Surpass 6.0 Million Units Worldwide In Less Than 4 Months Since Launch, Rapidly Popularizes A New Way To Enjoy Social Interaction Through Gaming". MarketWatch.
    120. "PlayStation™Now - Streaming Game Service on Consoles - Devices". Playstation.
    121. PlayStation Now
    122. 1 2 Buser, Jack (December 10, 2010). "PlayStation Home Open Beta Launches Tomorrow". PlayStation Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    123. Sony Computer Entertainment Europe Staff (2008). "PlayStation Home Online Manual — Your Character". Sony Computer Entertainment.
    124. IGN Australia Staff. "IGN:PlayStation Home". IGN.
    125. CydoniaX (March 23, 2009). "Xi has begun!". PlayStation Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
    126. CydoniaX (January 4, 2009). "Xi Has Moved into the Real World". PlayStation Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
    127. Spencer (April 15, 2010). "Sony Pulls The Plug On PSP Social Network Service". Siliconera. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
    128. Staff (September 23, 2009). "PSP Room: It's Like PS Home for The PSP". G4 TV. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
    129. Yoon, Andrew (September 24, 2009). "TGS 2009: Make room for 'PlayStation Room'". Joystiq. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
    130. "Sony Computer Entertainment Japan Introduces Room for PlayStation Portable this Winter" (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment. September 24, 2009. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
    131. "About XMB (XMediaBar)". Sony Computer Entertainment. 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
    132. "Firmware v2.40 Walkthrough Part 2: The XMB". Sony. June 30, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
    133. "In-Game XMB Support Coming Sometime In 2008". Kotaku. January 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2008.
    134. Savov, Vlad (January 27, 2011). "Sony's next PSP, codenamed NGP". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
    135. Nestor, Marius (June 15, 2006). "Linux for PlayStation". Softpedia. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    136. Sony Computer Entertainment Staff (January 20, 2002). "Sony Computer Entertainment America Announces Linux for PlayStation(R)2". Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    137. Seybold, Patrick (March 28, 2010). "PS3 Firmware (v3.21) Update". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
    138. "What Do The PlayStation's Circle, X, Square, and Triangle Buttons Mean?".
    139. "SCPH". Maru-chang.com. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    140. IGN staff (April 3, 1997). "Analog Joypad To Go On Sale In Japan". IGN.com. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
    141. "Dual Shock 2 Review". IGN. September 27, 2001. Retrieved December 7, 2008. The biggest difference between the Dual Shock 2 and the original ... is the fact that ... all of the buttons and even the digital pad offer analog support. This means that the d-pad, the four face buttons and the four shift buttons are all pressure sensitive and have 255 degrees of sensitivity. ... It's also worth noting that the Dual Shock 2 is a bit lighter than the original Dual Shock.
    142. Hruschak, PJ (April 10, 2010). "Gamertell Review: Sony Dualshock 3 wireless controller". Gamertell. Archived from the original on November 27, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    143. "PlayStation Move motion controller delivers a whole new entertainment experience to PlayStation 3". Sony Computer Entertainment. March 10, 2010. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010. Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE) today announced that PlayStation Move motion controller for PlayStation 3 computer entertainment system, launches worldwide this fall [...] In fiscal year 2010 [ending March 31, 2011], SCE Worldwide Studios will also release more than 20 games that are either dedicated to or supported with the PlayStation Move platform.
    144. 1 2 Hardy, Mark (March 10, 2010). "Introducing PlayStation Move". PlayStation Blog EU. Sony Computer Entertainment Europe. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
    145. Bramwell, Tom (March 11, 2010). "PlayStation Move unveiled". Eurogamer. Eurogamer Network. Retrieved March 11, 2010. Exact pricing and bundling information will follow soon, but in the meantime we've been told that the Move controller, PlayStation Eye camera and a starter disc with game demos will be bundled for under $100 this autumn.
    146. Future US Staff. "Playstation: The Official Magazine". Future US. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    147. Future Publishing Staff. "PlayStation Official Magazine". Future Publishing. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    148. PlayStation Australia Staff (June 16, 2010). "PlayStation News Articles: - Official PlayStation Magazine". PlayStation.com Australia. Sony Computer Entertainment. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    149. Ziff Davis Enterprise Staff. "Official U.S. Playstation — Official U.S. Playstation Magazine". Ziff Davis Enterprise. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    150. Future plc Staff. "The Official UK Playstation Magazine". Future plc. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    151. Future plc Staff. "Official Playstation 2 UK Magazine". Media UK. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    152. Chris Kramer, Samantha Sackin (March 26, 1997). "PlayStation goes underground; PlayStation UndergroundClub launches with innovative CD-ROM CD...". Business Wire. Sony Computer Entertainment America. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    153. Giant Bomb Staff. "PlayStation Underground". Giant Bomb. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    154. Fahey, Mike (November 24, 2009). "A Holiday Message From The Society Against PlayStation". Kotaku. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    155. "Sony Computer Entertainment America introduces the PSone and LCD Screen". Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    156. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Athab, Majed (June 10, 2008). "Don't Underestimate the Power of PlayStation: 10 best ads". Joystiq. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    157. Yoon, Andrew (May 2, 2007). "Dude, Get Your Own campaign expands to television". Joystiq. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    158. Yoon, Andrew (December 3, 2008). "Urban PSP campaign moves online". Joystiq. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    159. Koller, John (September 28, 2009). "It's GO Time: PSPgo Available October 1st". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    160. Yoon, Andrew (November 12, 2008). "Put the whole world in your hands in new PSP ad". Joystiq. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    161. 1 2 Lee C Kovacs (May 24, 2010). "Marcus Rivers Is Kevin Butler for PSP". TheSixthAxis. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
    162. Fran Mirabella III (May 15, 2005). "Pre-E3 2005: PlayStation 3 to Change E3?". IGN. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    163. Athab, Majed (May 30, 2008). "This is Advertising: Top 10 worst PlayStation ads, part 3". Joystiq. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    164. 1 2 "A First Look At Two of The PS3's Newer, Funnier Ads". Kotaku. August 27, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
    165. Sony Computer Entertainment UK (August 26, 2009). "The Game Is Just The Start with PS3". PlayStation.com UK. Sony Computer Entertainment. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
    166. Islam, Zak (June 12, 2010). "PlayStation Move Slogan Possibly Outed". PlayStation LifeStyle. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    167. Crecente, Brian (September 1, 2010). "Eyes Deep In the Magical Playstation Move Dox". Kotaku. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
    168. Sony Computer Entertainment UK (February 21, 2013). "DualShock 4 revealed: pushing the boundaries of play". blog.eu.playstation.com.
    169. Makuch, Eddie (June 6, 2014). "Sony: PS4 Is "Where the Greatest Play"". GameSpot. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
    170. "Sony apologizes, changes PS3 ad after Nigerian backlash". Quickjump Network. September 12, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
    171. Grant, Christopher (July 4, 2006). "Sony's racially charged PSP ad". Joystiq. Retrieved July 7, 2006.
    172. Stuart, Keith (July 5, 2006). "Sony ad causes white riot". The Guardian. Retrieved July 6, 2006.
    173. Staff (December 13, 2006). "Sony: PSP Viral Campaign 'Poorly Executed'". Edge. Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2006.
    174. Hill, Jason (November 17, 2005). "Playing for keeps". theage.co.uk. The Age. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    175. ViTrue Staff. "The Vitrue 100: Top Social Brands of 2009". ViTrue, Inc. Archived from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    176. Johnson, Joel (March 5, 2010). "The Return of Sony". Gizmodo. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
    177. Woollaston, Vicky (June 30, 2010). "PlayStation 'most followed' brand on social sites". Webuser.co.uk. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    178. "PS4, PS3, and Vita Combined Have Sold Over 100 Million Systems, Sony Says". GameSpot.
    179. "Sony wooing Japanese to PS4 with 'Dragon Quest' - The Japan Times". The Japan Times.
    180. Leack, Jonathan (April 3, 2015). "370 Million PlayStation Consoles Have Been Sold Since December 1994". CraveOnline. Retrieved February 5, 2016.

    External links

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to PlayStation.

    This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/3/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.