Lobnya

Lobnya (English)
Лобня (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of Moscow Oblast in Russia
Lobnya
Location of Lobnya in Moscow Oblast
Coordinates: 56°01′N 37°29′E / 56.017°N 37.483°E / 56.017; 37.483Coordinates: 56°01′N 37°29′E / 56.017°N 37.483°E / 56.017; 37.483
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of January 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Moscow Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to Lobnya Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Administrative center of Lobnya Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Municipal status (as of September 2008)
Urban okrug Lobnya Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Lobnya Urban Okrug[2]
Mayor Nikolai Grechichnikov
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 74,252 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010 216th
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
Founded 1902
Town status since 1961
Postal code(s)[5] 141730
Dialing code(s) +7 495
Official website
Lobnya on Wikimedia Commons

Lobnya (Russian: Ло́бня) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi)[6] north west of Moscow. Population: 74,252 (2010 Census);[3] 61,567 (2002 Census);[7] 60,475 (1989 Census);[8] 30,000 (1970).

History

Lobnya was founded in 1902 and granted town status in 1961.

Krasnaya Polyana in the Battle of Moscow

The German attack starting the Battle of Moscow (code-named ‘Operation Typhoon’) began on 2nd October 1941. The attack on a broad front brought German forces to occupy the village of Krasnaya Polyana (now in the town of Lobnya) to Moscow's North West. Krasnaya Polyana was taken on 30 November.[9] This is accepted by many as the closest point occupied by German forces to Moscow. Less accepted is that this is the closest point visited by Germans to Moscow in the campaign.[10]

Many sources state that at least one German army patrol visited nearby Khimki. Similarly many sources state Khimki as the closest point the Germans reached to Moscow (Khimki at the time was five miles from the edge of Moscow). Among the sources stating the Germans reached Khimki the details of the date and unit involved are inconsistent and disputed. One story of events asserts a skirmish took place in Khimki on 16 October at the Leningradskoe Shosse bridge involving a German motorcycle unit.[10] Another account is a patrol reached Khimki around 30 November or early December before returning to its main unit without combat. The dates mentioned for this second account vary.[11] A myth surrounding this is that the Germans would have been able to see the Kremlin in the distance from Khimki.

The Soviet Army counter offensive for "removing the immediate threat to Moscow" started on 5 December on the North-Western Front (the area around Krasnaya Polyana and Lobnya North West of Moscow). The South-Western Front and Western Fronts began their offensives on 6 December. The German forces were driven back. Moscow was never under such close land threat again during the war.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Lobnya Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Lobnya Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lobnya Urban Okrug.[2]

Architecture

The environs are rich in architectural monuments, such as the Neo-Gothic estate of Marfino located 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) to the northeast, which was laid out by Field Marshal Pyotr Saltykov in the 1770s but was extensively modernized by Count Panin in 1837–1839. The palace is Gothic in style, scored to resemble a medieval castle; a flight of stairs connects it with a white-stone wharf by the river, decorated with statues of griffins. To the west from the palace stands the Petrine Baroque church of the Virgin's Nativity (1701–1707). There are also a Gothic bridge, stables, and two English parks with picturesque rotundas.

Within two kilometers from Marfino is the manor of Nikolskoye-Prozorovskoye, which contains a Neo-Baroque country house of Field Marshal Prozorovsky and a Neoclassical church of St. Nicholas, built in the 1790s. Nearby is Rozhdestveno-Suvorovo, where the five-domed church of the Virgin's Nativity was built by Princes Baryatinsky at the turn of the 18th century. In 1773, the estate passed to Alexander Suvorov's father, Vasily Suvorov, a general-in-chief who is buried in the church.

The oldest building in the vicinity is the five-domed four-pillared apseless Trinity Church in Chashnikovo (four kilometers from Lobnya). Its elegant Italianate decor, reminiscent of the Chudov Monastery cathedral, dates the church to the early years of the 16th century, when such Italian architects as Aloisio the New were active in Russia. The church was first documented in 1585, when Chashnikovo was owned by Nikita Romanov, grandfather of Tsar Mikhail I. By the end of the 17th century, the estate had passed to Lev Naryshkin, maternal uncle of Peter the Great, who added a bell tower and had the church's decor updated to answer his own Naryshkin Baroque tastes.

Other well-known villages in the vicinity of Lobnya are Zhostovo (seven kilometers to the northeast) and Fedoskino (ten kilometers to the east), renowned for their traditional folk crafts of Zhostovo painting and Fedoskino miniature, respectively.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #11/2013-OZ
  2. 1 2 3 Law #21/2005-OZ
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  6. ↑ http://distancescalculator.net/lobnya-moscow-oblast-russia-to-moscow-russia?m=dd&tm=5&el=false&latlngs=(56.0172312,37.48526370000002);(55.755826,37.6173)&c1=true&c2=false&c3=false&c4=false&c5=true&c6=false&c7=true&c8=false&c9=true&c10=false
  7. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olYUrlIfWg0 43 mins 45 secs into this "The World at War2 Episode 5"
  10. 1 2 Axis History
  11. ↑ Axis History

Sources

External links

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