List of historic states of Germany

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After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon in 1806, the German-speaking remnants of the empire became organized into a conglomerate of independent kingdoms, duchies, principalities and city-states. This article lists the member states of the German Confederation of 1815–1866, the North German Confederation of 1867–1871, the German Empire of 1871–1918, and the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933.

States of the German Confederation

A map of the German Confederation.
State Capital
Empires (Kaisertümer)
Austria (Österreich)
(only western Cisleithania)		 Vienna
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
Bavaria (Bayern) Munich
Hanover (Hannover) Hanover
Prussia (Preußen)
(excluding Posen, East Prussia and West Prussia)		 Berlin
Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
Württemberg Stuttgart
Electorates (Kurfürstentum)
Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) Kassel
Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
Baden Karlsruhe
Hesse-Darmstadt (Hessen-Darmstadt) Darmstadt
Luxembourg Luxembourg
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
Anhalt – from 1863 Dessau
Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
Holstein Glückstadt
Limburg – from 1839 N/A
Nassau Wiesbaden
Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) – from 1826 Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) – from 1826 Coburg
Saxe-Lauenburg Ratzeburg
Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
Hohenzollern-Hechingen – to Prussia in 1850 Hechingen
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – to Prussia in 1850 Sigmaringen
Liechtenstein Vaduz
Lippe Detmold
Reuss-Gera (Junior Line) Gera
Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line) Greiz
Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen
Waldeck and Pyrmont (Waldeck und Pyrmont) Arolsen
Free Cities (Freie Städte)
Bremen
Frankfurt
Hamburg
Lübeck
States merged to form Anhalt
Anhalt-Dessau – merged with Anhalt-Bernburg in 1863 Dessau
Anhalt-Bernburg – merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1863 Bernburg
Anhalt-Köthen – merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1853 Köthen
States split between Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
and Saxe-Meiningen in 1826
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg) Gotha
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld) Coburg
Saxe-Hildburghausen (Sachsen-Hildburghausen) Hildburghausen

States of the North German Confederation

A map of the North German Confederation.
State Capital
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
Prussia (Preußen)
(including Lauenburg)		 Berlin
Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
Hesse (Hessen)
(Only Upper Hesse, the province north of the River Main)		 Giessen
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
Anhalt Dessau
Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) Coburg
Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
Lippe Detmold
Reuss-Gera (Junior Line) Gera
Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line) Greiz
Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen
Waldeck and Pyrmont (Waldeck und Pyrmont) Arolsen
Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestädte)
Bremen
Hamburg
Lübeck

States of the German Empire

A map of the German Empire.
State Capital
Kingdoms (Königreiche)
Prussia (Preußen) Berlin
Bavaria (Bayern) Munich
Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
Württemberg Stuttgart
Grand Duchies (Großherzogtümer)
Baden Karlsruhe
Hesse (Hessen) Darmstadt
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Duchies (Herzogtümer)
Anhalt Dessau
Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) Coburg
Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Principalities (Fürstentümer)
Lippe Detmold
Reuss-Gera (Junior Line) Gera
Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line) Greiz
Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen
Waldeck and Pyrmont (Waldeck und Pyrmont) Arolsen
Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestädte)
Bremen
Hamburg
Lübeck
Imperial Territories (Reichsländer)
Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Lothringen) Straßburg

States of the Weimar Republic

A map of the Weimar Republic.
State Capital
Free States (Freistaaten)
Anhalt Dessau
Baden Karlsruhe
Bavaria (Bayern) Munich
Brunswick (Braunschweig) Braunschweig
Coburg – to Bavaria in 1920 Coburg
Hesse (Hessen) Darmstadt
Lippe Detmold
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Neustrelitz
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Prussia (Preußen) Berlin
Saxony (Sachsen) Dresden
Schaumburg-Lippe Bückeburg
Thuringia (Thüringen) – from 1920 Weimar
Waldeck-Pyrmont – to Prussia
(Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1921, Waldeck followed in 1929)		 Arolsen
Württemberg Stuttgart
Free and Hanseatic Cities (Freie und Hansestädte)
Bremen
Hamburg
Lübeck
States merged to form Thuringia in 1920
Gotha Gotha
Reuss Gera
Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg) Altenburg
Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) Meiningen
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) Weimar
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Sondershausen

See also

References


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