Lellingeria
| Lellingeria | |
|---|---|
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| Lellingeria suspensa | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Pteridophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida/Pteridopsida (disputed) |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| (unranked): | Eupolypods I |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Polypodioideae |
| Genus: | Lellingeria A.R. Smith & R.C. Moran |
| Type species | |
| Lellingeria apiculata (Kunze ex Klotzsch) A.R. Smith & R.C. Moran | |
| Species | |
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see text | |
Lellingeria is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae.[1] It is one of the grammitids, a clade within Polypodiaceae that has not been ranked as a subfamily or tribe because the phylogeny of Polypodiaceae is not well understood.[2]
Approximately 70 species of Lellingeria are known.[3] They are native to tropical areas of Madagascar, Africa, the Americas, and Pacific Islands. None are known in cultivation. Lellingeria was named for the American pteridologist David Lellinger.[4]
Species
The following is a list of those species that were sampled in a study published in 2010.[5] These authors do not recognize some of the species that were included in the 1991 paper in which Lellingeria was established.[4]
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Description
Mostly epiphytes. Rhizome radially symmetrical or dorsiventral, with clathrate, usually blackish scales that are attached across their entire base. Petiole absent or much shorter than the lamina. Sterile portion of frond shallowly to deeply pinnately divided. Fertile portion entire to deeply pinnately divided. (A few species with fronds pinnate-pinnatifid). Veins simple, free (not anastomosing). Hydathodes present. Sori round or elliptic, often slightly sunken, without paraphyses.
History
The genus Lellingeria was erected in 1991.[4] At that time, it consisted of 52 species, three newly described, and 49 transferred from the artificial (unnatural) genus Grammitis. In 2004, a phylogenetic study of DNA sequences of two chloroplast genes showed that Lellingeria, as defined in 1991, was polyphyletic.[6] This was confirmed six years later.[2] In 2010, four species were removed from Lellingeria and combined with one species from the defunct genus Xiphopteris to form the new genus Leucotrichum.[7] The remaining species of Lellingeria form a monophyletic genus that is sister to the genus Melpomene.[5]
Taxonomy
When Lellingeria was established in 1991, thirty-five of its species were assigned to four species groups. This infra-generic classification did not hold up, because one of these groups had to be separated as Leucotrichum, and because another two of these groups were not truly distinct, but intermixed. Lellingeria, as currently circumscribed consists of two groups, one with about 20 species, and another with about 50.[5] The smaller group is easily distinguished by morphological characters, but the larger group is more diverse. These two groups have not been formally named as subgenera or sections within Lellingeria.
Lellingeria can be distinguished from Melpomene by the lack of setae, the presence of hairs on the rhizome, the sparse covering of very short hair on the upper surface of the rachis or midrib, and by the sori, which are slightly sunken into the lamina.[5]
When Lellingeria was first described in 1991, it was thought to always have a radially symmetrical rhizome, but it has since been learned that some of the species that belong in Lellingeria have a dorsiventral rhizome.[5] The unequally forked hairs are almost always present, but they are not a synapomorphy for Lellingeria.
References
- ↑ Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler (editors). 2008. Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3
- 1 2 Michael A. Sundue, Melissa B. Islam, and Tom A. Ranker. 2010. "Systematics of Grammitid Ferns (Polypodiaceae): Using Morphology and Plastid Sequence Data to Resolve the Circumscriptions of Melpomene and the Polyphyletic Genera Lellingeria and Terpsichore". Systematic Botany 35(4):701-715. doi:10.1600/036364410X539790
- ↑ Barbara S. Parris. 2009. "New genera of Malesian Grammitidaceae". Blumea 54(1-3):217-219. doi:10.3767/000651909X476184
- 1 2 3 Alan R. Smith, Robbin C. Moran, and L. Earl Bishop. 1991. "Lellingeria, a new genus of Grammitidaceae". American Fern Journal 81(3):76-88.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Paulo H. Labiak, Michael Sundue, and Germinal Rouhan. 2010. "Molecular phylogeny, character evolution, and biogeography of the grammitid fern genus Lellingeria (Polypodiaceae)". American Journal of Botany 97(8):1354-1364. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900393
- ↑ Tom A. Ranker, Alan R. Smith, Barbara S. Parris, Jennifer M.O. Geiger, Christopher H. Haufler, Shannon C.K. Straub, and Harald Schneider. 2004. "Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): a case of rampant morphological homoplasy". Taxon 53(2):415-428.
- ↑ Paulo H. Labiak, Germinal Rouhan, and Michael A. Sundue. 2010. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of Leucotrichum (Polypodiaceae): A new genus of grammitid ferns from the Neotropics". Taxon 59(3):911-921.
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