Kamorta-class corvette

INS Kamorta during sea trials
Class overview
Name:	Kamorta class
Builders:	Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers
Operators:	Indian Navy
Preceded by:	Kora-class corvette by precedence Abhay-class corvette by role.
Succeeded by:	Project 28A (guided missile corvettes)(planned)[1]
Cost:	₹78 billion (US$1 billion)[2]
Building:	2
Planned:	4[2]
Completed:	2[3]
Active:	2
General characteristics
Type:	Anti-submarine warfare corvette
Displacement:	3,500 tonnes (3,400 long tons; 3,900 short tons) full load[4]
Length:	109 m (358 ft)[4]
Beam:	13.7 m (45 ft)[4]
Installed power:	4 × Pielstick 12 PA6 STC Diesel engines 20,384 hp (15,200 kW)[5]
Propulsion:	CODAD, DCNS raft mounted gearbox
Speed:	31.8 kn (58.9 km/h; 36.6 mph)[5]
Range:	3,450 nautical miles (6,000 km) at 25 kn (46 km/h)[6]
Endurance:	3,995 nautical miles (7,399 km; 4,597 mi)[5]
Complement:	193 (13 officers)[6]
Sensors and processing systems:	1 × HUMSA-NG bow-mounted sonar[6] 1 × Central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)[5] 1 × EL/M-2221 STGR fire-control radar[5] 1 × BEL Shikari[5] 1 × BEL Ajanta[5] 1 × Hull mounted radar array (HUMSA)[5] 1 × BEL RAWL02 (Signal LW08) antenna communication grid – Gigabit Ethernet-based integrated ship borne data network, with a fibre optic cable backbone running through the vessel[5] 1 × Atlas Elektronik towed array sonar (to be fitted)[6]
Electronic warfare & decoys:	Bomber Electronic warfare (EW) suites – BEL Sanket Mk III,[5] Kavach naval decoy system and DESEAVER MK-II
Armament:	1 × OTO Melara 76 mm Super Rapid Gun Mount (SRGM) 2 × AK-630M close-in weapon system (CIWS) 2 × RBU-6000 (IRL) anti-submarine rocket launcher 4 × 533 mm Torpedo tubes[7]
Aircraft carried:	1 × Westland Sea King Mk.42B
Aviation facilities:	Rail-less helo traversing system and foldable hangar door[5]

The Kamorta-class corvettes or Project 28 are a class of anti-submarine warfare corvettes currently in service with the Indian Navy. Built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, they are the first anti-submarine warfare stealth corvettes to be built in India.^[8] Project 28 was approved in 2003, with construction of the lead ship, INS Kamorta commencing on 12 August 2005. Two of the four corvettes, INS Kamorta and INS Kadmatt were commissioned in 2014 and 2016 respectively. The remaining two, INS Kiltan and INS Kavaratti are under construction and slated to be completed by 2017.^[9]

The platform and major internal systems of this class of corvettes are indigenously designed and built.^[1] The corvettes are named after the islands in the Lakshadweep archipelago.

The Kamorta class corvettes are intended to succeed the Kora-class corvette by precedence^[10] and Abhay-class corvette by role.

Construction

The order for four Kamorta-class corvettes were placed in 2003 by the Indian Navy. Construction of the lead ship, INS Kamorta began in the year 2005 and the keel was laid down in 2006 at Garden Reach Ship Builders and Engineers, Kolkata. The ship was launched in the year 2010 and was inducted into the navy in 2014 after a series of delays.^[1] Construction of the second ship in the row, INS Kadmatt followed and the keel was laid in 2007. The corvette was launched in 2011 and was inducted in the early 2016. INS Kiltan was laid down in 2010 and launched in 2013. While the last ship of its class, INS Kavaratti was laid down in 2012 and launched in 2015.^[10] Both the ships are expected to be completed by the end of 2017.^[8]

Project 28's objective was to enhance localization and development of warship construction industry in India. The navy asked the Indian industries to deliver equipment of higher sophistication levels than usual. This led to some unforeseen delays in the product delivery, and struggles perfecting the products.^[11]

All the ships of this class are built using DMR 249A special grade high-tensile steel,^[4] produced by the state-owned Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials.^[10] The main machinery is raft mounted, and each gear unit and its associated engines are mounted on a common raft. The diesel engines are license built by Kirloskar under SEMT Pielstick of France. DCNS supplies the noise-suppressing raft-mounted gearbox for CODAD propulsion. Wärtsilä India manufactures the low-vibration diesel alternators to power the on-board electronics.^[11][12]

Indian Navy's computer generated design of the Project 28 Kamorta-class corvette

INS Kamorta commissioning ceremony

The ships also includes an integrated ship management system (ISMS) from L-3 MAPPS which combines an integrated platform management system and bridge management system into a single integrated system.^[13]

INS Kiltan and INS Kavaratti are to be more advanced than their elder ships. In a first, composite materials, imported from Kockums, Sweden, are used for the construction of the superstructures. This resulted in increased stealth features, reduced weight relative to typical superstructures built with steel, anti-corrosive and fire resistant. It's also projected for the ships to have some additional armament and new features.^[14][15][16]

Design and Description

In 2003, under the code name Project 28, the Indian Navy placed an order for four ASW corvettes.^[10] The corvette's design was originally planned to be based on the Russian corvette Project 2038.2, however the basic design was later provided by the Indian Navy's Directorate of Naval Design, followed by the detailed design by GRSE.^[17] The design includes many stealth ship features, including reductions in acoustic signature and vibration of the vessels.^[18]

The class incorporates some major features including but not limited to the 'X'-shaped hull form to improve stealth, a raft-mounted propulsion system to reduce vibration, and an infrared signature suppression system.^[6] It also includes networks such as the Total Atmospheric Control System (TACS), Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS), Integrated Bridge System (IBS), Battle Damage Control System (BDCS) and Personnel Locator System (PLS). The ships also include technology that enables them to fight in Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) warfare scenarios. The Indian Navy claims that the indigenization achieved in these ships is about 90%.^[4]

General characteristics and propulsion

The overall length of the Kamorta-class corvettes is 109 m (358 ft), and the beam spans 13.7 m (45 ft). The ships displace about 2,500 tonnes (2,500 long tons; 2,800 short tons) at standard load and 3,500 tonnes (3,400 long tons; 3,900 short tons) when fully loaded. Each ship compliments 180 sailors and 13 officers.^[6]

They are propelled by four Pielstick 12 PA6 STC Diesel engines, each with a power of 5,096 hp (3,800 kW) in CODAD configuration. They also have two controllable pitch propellers which helps the ship achieve maximum speeds in excess of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph).^[4][10]

Electronics and sensors

The Kamorta-class corvettes boast a wide variety of sensors. Given below are the list of known sensors in the corvette:

• 1 × HUMSA-NG bow-mounted sonar^[6]
• 1 × Central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)^[5]
• 1 × EL/M-2221 STGR fire-control radar^[5]
• 1 × BEL Shikari^[5]
• 1 × BEL Ajanta^[5]
• 1 × Hull mounted radar array (HUMSA^[5]
• 1 × BEL RAWL02 (Signal LW08) antenna communication grid – Gigabit Ethernet-based integrated ship borne data network, with a fibre optic cable backbone running through the vessel^[5]
• 1 × Atlas Elektronik towed array sonar (to be fitted)^[6]

Armament

The armament of the class includes a license-built OTO Melara 76 mm Super Rapid Gun in a stealth mount and a weapons layout similar to what is found on the Talwar-class and Shivalik-class frigates, two Larsen & Toubro built derivatives of the RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launcher, as well as Larsen & Toubro torpedo tube launchers, and a pair of AK-630M close-in weapon system (CIWS). The fire-control system is the Bharat Electronics IAC Mod C system.^[7]

There is an option on the ship to include surface-to-air missiles (SAM). But it is unclear as to which SAM will be integrated into the Kamorta-class corvette. Options include Barak 1, Barak 8, and the VL-MICA.^[5][19][20] The corvette can hold one helicopter, which currently is an Westland Sea King Mk.42B helicopter.^[4]

Ships of the class

All the ships names of the class are reincarnations of ships from the previous Arnala-class corvettes which are considered to be the spiritual predecessors of the Kamorta class.^[21]

Export

Under a modernization program, the Philippines Navy sought to purchase two light frigates, each displacing 2,000 tonnes (2,000 long tons; 2,200 short tons), spanning 109 m (358 ft) in length, capable of cruising at 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph) and be able to sail in sea state 7. In the bidding process, GRSE was selected as the lowest bidder among the contenders, Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, Hyundai Heavy Industries and Navantia. The deal was said to cost more than ₹21.57 billion (US$321 million).^[31][32] However, based on a post qualification assessment, GRSE was disqualified on the grounds of not meeting the financial capability requirements ^[33]

Criticisms

At 3400 ton, the vessel is argued to be a small frigate rather than a corvette, and poorly armed. Its also been alleged that the Indian Navy wanted a vessel with the endurance of a 3400 ton frigate and an armament of a 1200 ton corvette.^[34]

See also

• List of active Indian Navy ships
• Future ships of the Indian Navy

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kamorta class corvette.

• "Bharat-Rakshak.com :: NAVY - Project 28 Class". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. 
• P-28 Specifications – Global Security
• Kamorta Class Analysis - Defencyclopedia

Ship classes of the Indian Navy
Aircraft carriers	Vikrant (Majestic) Viraat (Centaur) Vikramaditya (Kiev) Vikrant *
Destroyers	Rajput Delhi Kolkata Visakhapatnam *
Frigates	Nilgiri Godavari Brahmaputra Talwar Shivalik Project 17A *
Corvettes	Arnala Veer Abhay Khukri Kora Kamorta Abhay-class replacement *
Nuclear submarines	Attack Charlie + Akula-II Indian SSN * Ballistic Missile Arihant *
Conventional submarines	Kalvari (1967) + Vela + Sindhughosh Shishumar Kalvari * Project 75I *
Midget submarines	Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle *
Amphibious warfare ships	Kumbhir Magar Shardul Jalashwa Indian MRSV *
Research and survey vessels	Makar Sandhayak Sagardhwani
Patrol craft	Seaward Sukanya Super Dvora Mk II Trinkat Bangaram Car Nicobar Saryu
Minesweeper	Pondicherry
Replenishment ship	Deepak Komandarm Fedko Aditya Ambika
Tugboats	Anand Anjan Arga Balram Bhim Gaj Madan Singh
Ferries	GSL Manoram Shalimar *
Barges	Poshak Vipul * Modest * Corporated * Hooghly *
Training	Tir ABG-class Cadet Training Ship
+ Decommissioned * Under construction/procurement ** Proposed/Design phase List of active Indian Navy ships Submarines of the Indian Navy List of ships of the Indian Navy

Corvettes of the Indian Navy
Commissioned ships	Kamorta class Kamorta (P28) Kadmatt (P29) Kora class Kora Kirch Kulish Karmuk Khukri class Khukri Kuthar Kirpan Khanjar Abhay class Abhay Ajay Akshay Agray Veer class Nirbhik Nishank Nirghat Vibhuti Vipul Vinash Vidyut Nashak Prabal Pralaya
De-commissioned ships	Corvettes Flower class HMIS Gondwana HMIS Sind HMIS Mahratta HMIS Assam Bathurst class HMIS Punjab HMIS Bombay[lower-alpha 1] HMIS Bengal[lower-alpha 2] HMIS Madras[lower-alpha 3] Arnala class Arnala Androth Anjadip Andaman Amini Kamorta (P77) Kadmatt (P78) Kiltan (P79) Kavaratti (P80) Katchall Amindivi Durg class Vijaydurg Sindhudurg Prahar Veer class Veer Nipat Anti-Submarine Naval Trawlers (aka corvettes) Basset class HMIS Agra HMIS Ahmedabad HMIS Amritsar HMIS Baroda HMIS Berar HMIS Calcutta HMIS Cochin HMIS Cuttack HMIS Karachi HMIS Lahore HMIS Lucknow HMIS Madura HMIS Multan HMIS Nagpur HMIS Nasik HMIS Patna HMIS Peshawar HMIS Poona HMIS Quetta HMIS Rampur HMIS Shillong HMIS Travancore
Future ships	Kamorta class Kiltan (P30) Kavaratti (P31) Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) corvettes 16 vessels are ordered for the Indian Navy from Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata. They are in the 700 ton range and will replace the Abhay-class vessels currently in service. Next Generation Missile Vessels (NGMVs) 6 vessels planned with about 2000-2500 ton range.
Footnotes ↑ Renamed as INS Bombay post republic. ↑ Renamed as INS Bengal post republic. ↑ Renamed as INS Madras post republic.