Mexican long-tongued bat
| Mexican long-tongued bat | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | Choeronycteris Tschudi, 1844 |
| Species: | C. mexicana |
| Binomial name | |
| Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, 1844 | |
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| Mexican long-tongued bat range | |
The Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is monotypic within the genus Choeronycteris.[2] The species is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and the United States.[1]
Etymology
The genus name Choeronycteris is derived from the greek words choiros (pig) and nykteris (bat). The specific name mexicana correlates to its distribution.[2]
Description
The Mexican long-tongued bat is medium in size in the family Phyllostomidae. Its pelage can be up to 7 mm long and is typically gray to brownish but can be paler on the shoulders. Wings are darker brownish gray with paler tips. The ears will also have the same coloration as the body and will vary in size. The tail is short. Body weight is 10-20 g, with a maximum of 25 g in pregnant females.[2]
The species has a distinctly elongated tipped with a roughly 5 mm-long nose-leaf. The tongue is long, narrow and extendible, specialized for nectar feeding. It is covered with tiny hairlike papillae, which become more horny towards the base of the tongue. The skull is up to 30 mm long, with the rostrum making up 40-50% of total length. Juveniles have 22 deciduous teeth, which give way to 30 adult teeth.[2]
Like all microchiroptera, Mexican long-tongued bats use echolocation. They are especially sensitive to high frequencies (65-80 KHz) but have been found to respond to lower frequencies in the 5KHz range.[2]
Distribution and habitat
In the United States, this species is found in the southern parts of California, New Mexico and Arizona.[1] It has also been reported from Texas.[3] Further south, its range extends from Mexico (including Baja California and the Tres Marias Islands) through El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala.[4][5] It occurs at altitudes of 300-2,400 meters in deciduous, semi-arid thorn scrub and mixed oak-conifer forests.[6] Northern populations migrate south for the winter.[1]
Ecology
Diet
The Mexican long-tongued bat feeds on nectar, pollen from agaves, and fruits from other plants.[2] Its tongue can extend up to a third of its body length, enabling it to reach nectar deep inside a blossom. In southern Arizona, the species often takes nectar from hummingbird feeders as well.[1]
Behavior
The species roosts in caves or abandoned buildings during the day. Individuals do not cluster together, hanging 2-5 cm apart suspended by a single foot, which allows them to rotate on their perch. If alarmed, they fly towards the opening and light rather than deeper into the roosting site. Females will carry young but only from one shelter to another.[2]
Mating and Reproduction
Breeding occurs between June and September in Arizona, New Mexico, and other parts of the USA, and earlier farther south, where a second breeding season may also occur. Females give birth to single litter, although up to two have been reported in Guatemala. Males and females segregate during the time of gestation and parturition. The young are born well-furred and start flying at about 4-6 weeks of age.[6]
Conservation
The species has been classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to ongoing habitat loss, which includes loss of roosting sites in caves to mining and tourism. It is regarded as a species of Special Concern on California and Arizona.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Arroyo-Cabrales, J. & Perez, S. (2008). "Choeronycteris mexicana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Knox, J.; Hollander, R. (1987). "Choeronycteris mexicana". Mammalian Species. 291: 1–5.
- ↑ Balin, L. (2009). "Mexican long-tongued bat (Cheoeronycteris mexicana) in El Paso, Texas". The Southwestern Naturalist. 54 (2): 225–226.
- ↑ Couoh-de la Garza, R.; Flores-Rojas, E.; Briones-Escobedo, N.; Angel, E.H.; Marinez-Gallardo, R.; Aguilera, J.C.L. (2006). "Current records of the mexican long-tailed bat, Choeronycteris mexicana, in Baja California, Mexico". Western North American Naturalist. 66 (2): 265–267. doi:10.3398/1527-0904%282006%2966%5B265%3ACROTML%5D2.0.CO%3B2.
- ↑ Guzman-Cornejo, C.; Morales-Malacara, J.B.; Lopez-Ortega, G. (2004). "Morphology, Systematics, Evoloution: A new species of the genus Eudusbabekia (Acari: Prostigmata: Myobiidae) on Choeronycteris mexicana (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Central Mexico". Journal of Medical Entomology.
- 1 2 Cajas-Castillo, J.O.; Kraker-Castaneda, C.; Lopez-Gutierrez, J.E.; Perez-Consuegra, S.G.; Grajeda-Godinez, A.L. (2015). "Choeronycteris mexicana in Gutemala: temporal occurrence, feeding habits and reproductive activity". Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 86: 835–838.