Catalan pseudoprime

In mathematics, a Catalan pseudoprime is an odd composite number n satisfying the congruence

(-1)^{\frac{n-1}{2}} \cdot C_{\frac{n-1}{2}} \equiv 2 \pmod n,

where C_m denotes the m-th Catalan number. The congruence also holds for every odd prime number n that justifies the name pseudoprimes for composite numbers n satisfying it.

Properties

The only known Catalan pseudoprimes are: 5907, 1194649, and 12327121 (sequence A163209 in the OEIS) with the latter two being squares of Wieferich primes. In general, if p is a Wieferich prime, then p² is a Catalan pseudoprime.

References

Aebi, C.; Cairns, G. (2008). "Catalan numbers, primes and twin primes" (PDF). Elemente der Mathematik. 63 (4): 153–164. doi:10.4171/EM/103.
Catalan pseudoprimes. Research in Scientific Computing in Undergraduate Education.

Classes of natural numbers

Powers and
related numbers

Of the form
a × 2^b ± 1

Other polynomial
numbers

Recursively defined
numbers

Possessing a
specific set
of other numbers

Expressible via
specific sums

Generated
via a sieve

Lucky

Code related

Meertens

Figurate numbers

2-dimensional

centered	Centered triangular Centered square Centered pentagonal Centered hexagonal Centered heptagonal Centered octagonal Centered nonagonal Centered decagonal Star

non-centered	Triangular Square Square triangular Pentagonal Hexagonal Heptagonal Octagonal Nonagonal Decagonal Dodecagonal

3-dimensional

centered	Centered tetrahedral Centered cube Centered octahedral Centered dodecahedral Centered icosahedral

non-centered	Tetrahedral Octahedral Dodecahedral Icosahedral Stella octangula

pyramidal	Square pyramidal Pentagonal pyramidal Hexagonal pyramidal Heptagonal pyramidal

4-dimensional

centered	Centered pentachoric Squared triangular

non-centered	Pentatope

Pseudoprimes

Combinatorial
numbers

Arithmetic functions

By properties of σ(n)	Abundant Almost perfect Arithmetic Colossally abundant Descartes Hemiperfect Highly abundant Highly composite Hyperperfect Multiply perfect Perfect Practical number Primitive abundant Quasiperfect Refactorable Sublime Superabundant Superior highly composite Superperfect

By properties of Ω(n)	Almost prime Semiprime

By properties of φ(n)	Highly cototient Highly totient Noncototient Nontotient Perfect totient Sparsely totient

By properties of s(n)	Amicable Betrothed Deficient Semiperfect

Dividing a quotient

Other prime factor
or divisor related
numbers

Recreational
mathematics

Base-dependent
numbers

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