Cardinals created by Francis
Pope Francis (r. 2013–present) held the first consistory of his pontificate on 22 February 2014, where he raised 19 to the rank of cardinal. For the first time, a pope emeritus, Benedict XVI, attended a consistory. A second consistory was held on 14 February 2015. A third was held on 19 November 2016. In these three consistories, Pope Francis created a total of 56 cardinals from 39 countries, 11 of which had never before had a cardinal.
22 February 2014
On 31 October 2013, Pope Francis announced plans to name new cardinals in a consistory on 22 February 2014.[1] In December 2013, he said that rumors that he might name a woman cardinal were not to be taken seriously.[2] He announced the names of 19 new cardinals on 12 January 2014.[3] Sixteen were under the age of 80, eligible to vote in papal conclaves.[4] Observers attempting to interpret Francis' approach to naming cardinals noted the absence of certain names, including the heads of the dioceses of Venice and Turin and the Vatican Librarian and Archivist.[5] Others noted a preference for clerics with pastoral experience and only a single theologian, Müller.[6] John L. Allen said the choices made the February meeting the "Consistory of the Periphery", noting the "broad global distribution" of the new cardinals.[7] Of the nomination of the archbishop of Perugia rather than those of more prestigious dioceses like Turin and Venice, La Stampa said: "Any career planners in the Church who had the path from the seminary to the cardinalship set out very clearly in their minds will have to think again."[8]
Pope Francis sent a letter to each cardinal-designate that said:[9]
The cardinalship does not imply promotion; it is neither an honour nor a decoration; it is simply a service that requires you to broaden your gaze and open your hearts.... Therefore I ask you, please, to receive this designation with a simple and humble heart. And, while you must do so with pleasure and joy, ensure that this sentiment is far from any expression of worldliness or from any form of celebration contrary to the evangelical spirit of austerity, sobriety and poverty.
Those made cardinal at the consistory were:[10]
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI attended the consistory. He doffed his zucchetto when Pope Francis came down the nave of St. Peter's Basilica to greet him,[10][11] and took a seat in a row with several cardinals using a chair the same as theirs.[12] Loris Francesco Capovilla was granted a dispensation and did not attend the consistory.[13]
Prior to the consistory, there were 106 cardinals under the age of 80 and eligible to participate in the election of a pope. Another 10 were to turn 80 in the remainder of 2014. The maximum of participants in a papal conclave, though often waived, is set at 120.[14]
14 February 2015
On 11 December 2014, the Vatican announced that new cardinals would be created at a consistory on 14 February 2015.[15] On 4 January 2015, Pope Francis announced the names of 20 cardinals-designate, including 15 who were under the age of 80.[16] Vatican spokesman, Rev. Federico Lombardi, said the list "confirms that the pope doesn't feel tied to the traditional 'cardinal sees'", like Turin and Venice, "which reflected historic reasons in various countries. Instead we have various nominations of archbishops or bishops of sees in the past that wouldn't have had a cardinal."[17] The selections continued the pattern Pope Francis established the previous year, showing a "preference for diocesan bishops" and for the southern hemisphere.[18] Of those under the age of 80, only one is a member of the Curia (Mamberti); three are bishops rather than archbishops; four are the first cardinals from their countries (Cabo Verde, Myanmar, Panama, Tonga) and others from a diocese that has not had one for decades (Agrigento, Italy, not since 1786; Ancona, Italy, not in more than a century; Montevideo, Uruguay, not since 1979; Vallodolid, Spain, not since 1919) or never had one (Morelia, Mexico).[18][19] Nine have been elected by their peers as president of a national or regional episcopal conference.[20]
On 23 January 2015, Pope Francis advised each nominees how to respond to his appointment: "Accept it with humility. Only do so in a way that in these celebrations there does not creep in a spirit of worldliness that intoxicates more than grappa on an empty stomach, disorienting and separating one from the cross of Christ."[21]
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI again attended the consistory and was greeted by Pope Francis before and after the ceremony. The only new cardinal unable to attend was Archbishop José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez, whose health prevented him from traveling to Rome.[22]
19 November 2016
On 9 October 2016, the pope announced that he planned to create new cardinals at a consistory on 19 November 2016,[23] including 13 cardinals under the age of 80 and four over the age of 80. His selections continued to demonstrate his preference for the peripheries and places not previously represented in the College of Cardinals. Several are the first named cardinals from their countries. Of those who are under the age of 80, only Farrell is a member of the Roman Curia. In choosing Simoni, Francis named his first priest to the rank of cardinal.[24] The new cardinals, in the order listed in the announcement, are:
All the new cardinals attended the consistory on 19 November except Lesotho Bishop Khoarai, who was 87 and unable to travel. For the first time since his retirement Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI did not attend.[25][26] The new cardinals were given the rank of Cardinal Priest except for Zenari, Farrell, and Simoni, who were made Cardinal Deacons.[27] Cardinal Nzapalainga became the youngest member of the College of Cardinals and the first born after the Second Vatican Council.[28] Following the consistory ceremony, Pope Francis and the 16 new cardinals present visited the Pope Emeritus as a group at his residence in Mater Ecclesiae Monastery and received his blessing.[29]
See also
References
- ↑ "New Cardinals to be created in February 2014". 31 October 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ↑ Allen Jr., John L. (15 December 2013). "Francis shoots down women cardinals". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ↑ "Pope Francis announces names of new Cardinals". Vatican Radio. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ↑ D'Emilio, Frances (12 January 2014). "Pope Names 19 New Cardinals, Focusing on the Poor". ABC News. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ↑ Reese, Thomas (13 January 2014). "Cardinals: continuity and change". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ↑ Winters, Michael Sean (13 January 2014). "The New Cardinals". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ↑ Allen, John L. (13 January 2014). "Four new echoes in 'Francis revolution'". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ↑ "The importance of Gualtiero Bassetti's nomination". Vatican Insider. La Stampa. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ↑ Tornielli, Andrea (13 January 2014). "Francis reminds new cardinals their nomination is not about promotion it is about service". Vatican Insider.
- 1 2 Galeazzi, Giacomo (22 February 2014). "19 new cardinals created in Consistory in the presence of two Popes". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ McElwee, Joshua J. (22 February 2014). "Under Benedict's eye, Francis tells cardinals to be peacemakers". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ Tornielli, Andrea (24 February 2014). "The "hidden" Pope's first step towards normality". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ Tornielli, Andrea (19 February 2014). "Loris Capovilla will not receive the biretta in Rome". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ↑ Tornielli, Andrea (20 October 2013). "Francis' first consistory". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ↑ "Consistory for the creation of new cardinals in February 2015". Vatican News. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ↑ "Annuncio di Concistoro per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali" (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ↑ D'Emilio, Frances (4 January 2015). "Pope Francis Names 15 New Cardinals From 14 Countries". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- 1 2 Tornielli, Andrea (4 January 2015). "Pope announces names of new cardinals: Only one Curia member, many pastors from the peripheries". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ↑ McElwee, Joshua J. (4 January 2015). "Francis diversifies cardinals, choosing prelates from Asia, island nations". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ↑ Mickens, Robert (5 January 2015). "Francis chooses new cardinals from the margins". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ↑ Wooden, Cindy (23 January 2015). "Pope Francis urges new cardinals not to let nomination go to their heads". National Catholic Reporter. Catholic News Service. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ↑ Tornielli, Andrea (14 February 2015). "'The cardinalate is certainly an honour, but it is not honorific. Be examples of charity'". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ↑ "Annuncio di Concistoro per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali". Holy See. 9 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ↑ "Pope to create 13 new cardinals, including 3 Americans". Crux. 9 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ↑ McElwee, Joshua J. (19 November 2016). "Creating new cardinals, Francis warns against 'virus of polarization' in the church". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ↑ Wooden, Cindy (19 November 2016). "Pope calls new cardinals to be agents of unity in divided world". Catholic News Service. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ↑ "Titular churches and diaconates of the new cardinals, 19.11.2016" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ↑ "Now a cardinal, this African prelate was already a 'saint'". CRUX. 19 October 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
- ↑ Agasso Jr., Domenico (19 November 2016). "Pope and new cardinals pay Ratzinger a visit after the Consistory". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
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