19th United States Congress
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The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825 to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.
Major events
- March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
- October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
- July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
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Treaties signed
- November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
- January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti- Jacksonian (A) |
Jacksonian (J) | Other | |||
| End of the previous congress | (Adams & Clay factions) 16 |
(Jackson faction) 12 |
(Crawford faction) 20 |
48 | 0 |
| Begin | 20 | 25 | 0 | 45 | 3 |
| End | 23 | 48 | 0 | ||
| Final voting share | 47.9% | 52.1% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 20 | 27 | 1 | 48 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti- Jacksonian (A) |
Jacksonian (J) | Other | |||
| End of the previous congress | (Adams & Clay factions) 87 |
(Jacksonian) 71 |
(Crawford faction) 55 |
213 | 0 |
| Begin | 108 | 105 | 0 | 213 | 0 |
| End | 110 | 103 | |||
| Final voting share | 51.6% | 48.4% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 102 | 110 | 0 | 212 | 1 |
Leadership
President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun
Senate
- President: John C. Calhoun (J)
- President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825
- Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.
Alabama
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mississippi
|
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia
|
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 7
- Adams (A): 3-seat net gain
- Jacksonian (J): no net change
- deaths: 4
- resignations: 6
- interim appointments: 4
- Total seats with changes: 13
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Hampshire (3) |
Vacant | Seat remained vacant | Levi Woodbury (J) | Installed March 16, 1825 |
| Connecticut (3) |
Vacant | Seat remained vacant | Calvin Willey (A) | Installed May 4, 1825 |
| New York (3) |
Vacant | Seat remained vacant | Nathan Sanford (A) | Installed January 14, 1826 after resigning as Chancellor of New York |
| Virginia (1) |
James Barbour (J) | Resigned March 7, 1825 after being appointed US Secretary of War | John Randolph (J) | Appointed December 26, 1825 |
| Mississippi (1) |
David Holmes (J) | Resigned September 25, 1825 after being elected Governor of Mississippi | Powhatan Ellis (J) | Appointed September 28, 1825 |
| Tennessee (2) |
Andrew Jackson (J) | Resigned October 14, 1825 | Hugh Lawson White (J) | Installed October 28, 1825 |
| Rhode Island (1) |
James De Wolf (A) | Resigned October 31, 1825 | Asher Robbins (A) | Appointed October 31, 1825 |
| Maryland (3) |
Edward Lloyd (J) | Resigned January 14, 1826 after being elected to the Maryland State Senate | Ezekiel F. Chambers (A) | Elected January 24, 1826 |
| Alabama (3) |
Henry H. Chambers (J) | Died January 24, 1826 | Israel Pickens (J) | Appointed February 17, 1826 |
| Mississippi (1) |
Powhatan Ellis (J) | Successor elected January 28, 1826 | Thomas B. Reed (J) | Installed January 28, 1826 |
| South Carolina (3) |
John Gaillard (J) | Died February 26, 1826 | William Harper (J) | Appointed March 8, 1826 |
| Delaware (2) |
Nicholas Van Dyke (A) | Died May 21, 1826 | Daniel Rodney (A) | Appointed November 8, 1826 |
| Massachusetts (2) |
James Lloyd (A) | Resigned May 23, 1826 | Nathaniel Silsbee (A) | Installed May 31, 1826 |
| New Jersey (1) |
Joseph McIlvaine (A) | Died August 19, 1826 | Ephraim Bateman(A) | Installed November 10, 1826 |
| Alabama (3) |
Israel Pickens (J) | Successor elected November 27, 1826 | John McKinley (J) | Installed November 27, 1826 |
| South Carolina (3) |
William Harper (J) | Successor elected November 29, 1826 | William Smith (J) | Installed November 29, 1826 |
| Delaware (2) |
Daniel Rodney (A) | Resigned January 12, 1827 after successor was elected | Henry M. Ridgely (A) | Installed January 23, 1827 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 11
- Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
- Jackson Men: 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 5
- resignations: 10
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 16
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania 16th |
James Allison, Jr. (J) | Resigned some time in 1825 before the assembling of Congress | Robert Orr, Jr. (J) | Seated October 11, 1825 |
| Kentucky 3rd |
Henry Clay (A) | Resigned March 6, 1825 after being appointed US Secretary of State | James Clark (A) | Seated August 1, 1825 |
| South Carolina 1st |
Joel R. Poinsett (J) | Resigned March 7, 1825 after being appointed Minister to Mexico | William Drayton (J) | Seated May 17, 1825 |
| New York 20th |
Egbert Ten Eyck (J) | Lost contested election December 15, 1825 | Daniel Hugunin, Jr. (A) | Seated December 15, 1825 |
| Virginia 5th |
John Randolph (J) | Resigned December 26, 1825 after being appointed to the US Senate | George W. Crump (J) | Seated January 21, 1826 |
| Maryland 2nd |
Joseph Kent (A) | Resigned January 6, 1826 after being elected Governor of Maryland | John C. Weems (J) | Seated February 1, 1826 |
| Pennsylvania 18th |
Patrick Farrelly (J) | Died January 12, 1826 | Thomas H. Sill (A) | Seated March 14, 1826 |
| Mississippi At-large |
Christopher Rankin (J) | Died March 14, 1826 | William Haile (J) | Seated July 10, 1826 |
| North Carolina 8th |
Willie P. Mangum (J) | Resigned March 18, 1826 | Daniel L. Barringer (J) | Seated December 4, 1826 |
| Pennsylvania 13th |
Alexander Thomson (J) | Resigned May 1, 1826 | Chauncey Forward (J) | Seated December 4, 1826 |
| Ohio 10th |
David Jennings (A) | Resigned May 25, 1826 | Thomas Shannon (A) | Seated December 4, 1826 |
| Kentucky 5th |
James Johnson (J) | Died August 13, 1826 | Robert L. McHatton (J) | Seated December 7, 1826 |
| Pennsylvania 7th |
Henry Wilson (J) | Died August 14, 1826 | Jacob Krebs (J) | Seated December 4, 1826 |
| Kentucky 12th |
Robert P. Henry (J) | Died August 25, 1826 | John F. Henry (A) | Seated December 11, 1826 |
| Maine 5th |
Enoch Lincoln (A) | Resigned before September 11, 1826 | James W. Ripley (J) | Seated September 11, 1826 |
| Pennsylvania 2nd |
Joseph Hemphill (J) | Resigned before October 10, 1826 | Thomas Kittera (A) | Seated October 10, 1826 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Agriculture
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Bankruptcy (Select)
- Claims
- Commerce
- Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- French Spoilations (Select)
- Georgia and the Creek Indians (Select)
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Public Lands
- Roads and Canals (Select)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- American Colonization Society (Select)
- Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
- Bills of Exchange (Select)
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Military Pensions
- Naval Affairs
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
- Police and Preservation of the Capital
Employees
Senate
- Chaplain: William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 12, 1825
- William Ryland (Methodist), elected December 8, 1826
- Secretary of the Senate: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
- Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)
- Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
- Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
- Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn
See also
- United States elections, 1824 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1826 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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