1350s
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 13th century – 14th century – 15th century |
| Decades: | 1320s 1330s 1340s – 1350s – 1360s 1370s 1380s |
| Years: | 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 |
| 1350s-related categories: |
Births – Deaths – By country Establishments – Disestablishments |
Events
Contents: 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359
1350
January–December
- January 9 – Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa.
- May 23 – A number of supporters of William V, Count of Holland, in his power struggle with his mother Margaret I, Countess of Holland, found the Cod league.
- August 29 – Battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer off Winchelsea: An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet.
- September 5 – Conservative noblemen in the County of Holland found the Hook league.
- September (unknown date) First pestilence dies out.
- November 17 – To pay for the expenses of the revived war with Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa has to subscribe a loan at an interest rate of 10% from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum.[1]
Date unknown
- Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire.
- The Black Death first appears in Scotland.
- The castle of Rapperswil is largely destroyed by Rudolf Brun, mayor of the city of Zürich.
1351
January–December
- March 26 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty picked knights each from the Kingdoms of France and England fight to determine who will rule the Duchy of Brittany as part of the War of the Breton Succession; a Franco-Breton victory is assured by the squire Guillaume de Montauban.
- April 8 – Hundred Years' War: At the Battle of Taillebourg in Gascony, the French are defeated by the English.[2]
- May 1 – Zürich joins the Swiss Confederation.
Date unknown
- King Ramathibodi I ascends the throne in Ayutthaya (now Thailand). He begins to propagate Theravada Buddhism as the state religion.
- King Gongmin ascends the throne in Goryeo.
- Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan succeeds Emperor Sukō, making them the third and fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders, respectively.
- The Statute of Laborers is enacted by the Parliament of England, to deal with a labor shortage caused by the Black Death.
- Vantaa, Finland is first mentioned.
- Firuz Tughlaq succeeds Mohammad Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi.
- The Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty of China is permanently weakened by an uprising known as the Red Turban Rebellion.
- The Samma Dynasty in Sindh (now part of Pakistan) breaks away from the Delhi Sultanate.
- The Turks cross the Dardanelles into Europe for the first time.
1352
January–December
- June 4 – Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation.
- June 27 – Zug joins the Swiss Confederation.
- October – Fighting as allies of John VI Kantakouzenos in the Byzantine civil war of 1352–57, the Ottoman beylik scores its first victory on European soil at the Battle of Demotika against the Serbs.
- December 18 – Pope Innocent VI succeeds Pope Clement VI as the 199th pope.
Date unknown
- Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta reports the existence of the ngoni and balafon instruments at the court of Mansa Musa.
- Dragoş becomes voivode of Moldova.
- Corpus Christi College is founded as a College of the University of Cambridge, by the Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary.
- Süleyman Pasha, the son of the Ottoman bey crosses the Bosphorus and seizes Çimpe Castle on the Gallipoli Peninsula, the first European territory held by the Ottoman Empire.[3]
- Lionel of Antwerp marries Elizabeth, daughter of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster.
- William de Ashlee becomes Rector of Maids Moreton, England.
- The town of Biel/Bienne, Switzerland, finalizes its alliance with the city of Bern.
- Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham becomes a Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter of England.
- The Earldom of Kent becomes extinct.
- The Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Churchdid not exist yet, the Metropolitan of Halych, begins to relocate back to Kiev, after having moved to Halych in 1299. Thereafter, the Metropolitan will hold the title of Metropolitan of Kiev-Halych and All Rus.
- After years of begging and being a Buddhist monk, the penniless Chinese peasant Zhu Yuanzhang joins the Red Turban Rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China; he will later become the first emperor of the Ming dynasty.
1353
January–December
- March 3 – Bern signs an alliance with the Swiss Confederation.
Date unknown
- The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta makes the first recorded visit to Timbuktu and Kabara when returning from a stay in the capital of the Mali Empire.[4]
- The Decameron is finished by Giovanni Boccaccio.
1354
January–December
- Early – year Ibn Battuta returns from his travels at the command of Abu Inan Faris, sultan of Morocco, who appoints a scribe to write an account of the adventures.
- February 12 – The Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
- October 8 – Cola di Rienzo, self-proclaimed "tribune" of Rome, is killed by an angry mob.
- December 10 – The reign of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor is ended after John V Palaiologos retakes Constantinople and is restored as sole emperor.
Date unknown
- Ottoman Turks capture the cities of Kallipolis and Didymoteicho from the Byzantine Empire.
- The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang is established by Fa Ngum.
- Sahab-ud-Din becomes Sultan of Kashmir.
- Assassins strike down Sultan Hassan and his body was never returned.
1355
January–December
- January 7 – Portuguese king Afonso IV sends three men to kill Ines de Castro, beloved of his son prince Pedro – Pedro revolts and incites a civil war.
- February 10 – The St. Scholastica's Day riot broke out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.
- April – Philip II of Taranto marries Maria of Calabria, daughter of Charles, Duke of Calabria, and Mary of Valois.
- April 5 – Charles IV is crowned emperor in Rome.
- April 18 – In Venice, the Council of Ten beheads Doge Marin Falier for conspiring to kill them.
- August – Battle of Nesbit Moor: Scottish army decisively defeats the English.
- September 1 – Tvrtko I writes in castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from old town Visoki.
Date unknown
- Ottoman Turks defeat Bulgarian Empire in the Battle of Ihtiman.
1356
January–December
- January 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland to Edward III of England.
- September 19 – Battle of Poitiers: The English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince, defeat the French in the Hundred Years' War, capturing King John II of France.
- October 17 – Erik XII proclaims himself king of Sweden, in opposition to his father, king Magnus IV. Thus begins a civil war in Sweden between father and son, which will last until Erik's death in 1359.
- October 18 (St Luke's Day) – The Basel earthquake destroys the city of Basel in Switzerland, the most significant earthquake in central Europe in recorded history.
- December 25 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, promulgates the Golden Bull, a form of constitution for his empire.
Date unknown
- The city of Lwów is granted Magdeburg rights by Casimir III of Poland.
- The majority of the Great Pyramid of Giza's limestone casing stones are removed by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan to build fortresses and mosques in the nearby city of Cairo, leaving the first of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World in the step-stone condition in which it remains today.
- Burnt Candlemas: Edward III of England burns down every town and village in Lothian, Scotland.
- The Hanseatic League, a trading alliance between many cities in northern Europe, is officially founded.
- Ghazan II replaces Anushirwan as ruler of the Ilkhanate in Persia.
- Zhu Yuanzhang, one of the leaders in the Red Turban Rebellion, captures the city of Nanjing from the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China; from then on it becomes his base of power and the capital of a new dynasty he will establish in 1368, the Ming dynasty.
- Probable completion of Castelvecchio Bridge in Verona; its main span of 48.7 m is the world's longest arch at this time.
1357
January–December
- April 28 – Erik Magnusson is recognized as king of most of Sweden, in opposition to his father, king Magnus.[5]
- May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Alfonso IV.[6]
- July 9 – Charles Bridge in Prague is founded.[7]
Date unknown
- King David II of Scotland is released by the English in return for a ransom.[8]
- Berdibek succeeds Jani Beg as Khan of the Blue Horde.[9]
- Sikandar I becomes Sultan of Bengal.
- Rao Kanhadev becomes Rathore ruler of Marwar (now part of India).[10]
- Influenza is first identified as a disease.[11]
- The first public exhibition of the Shroud of Turin is recorded.[12]
- The Blue Horde unseat Ghazan II as the ruler of the Il-Khanate and appoint their own governor.
- The Wat Phra Sri Rattana Mahathat (Famous Wat Yai) Temple is constructed in Phitsanulok, Thailand.[13]
- In France, the States-General passes Étienne Marcel's Great Ordinance in an attempt to impose limits on the monarchy, in particular in fiscal and monetary matters.[14]
1358
January–December
- March 16 – King Haakon VI of Norway designates the city of Skien as a city with trading privileges, making it the 6th town with city status in the Norway.
- May 28 – The Jacquerie: A peasant rebellion begins in France during the Hundred Years' War, which consumes the Beauvais and allies with Étienne Marcel's seizure of Paris.
- June 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
- July 10 – Battle of Mello: The Jacquerie rebellion is defeated by a coalition of nobles, led by Charles II of Navarre.
Date unknown
- Estimation: Nanjing in Mongolian China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Hangzhou in Mongolian China.[15]
- Mubarazuddin Muhammad, leader of the Arab Muzaffarid tribe, expels the Blue Horde from Ilkhanate territory in Persia. The Muzaffarid then release control of the Il-Khanate after being marched on by the Mongol Jalayirid tribe ruled by Shaikh Uvais. Shaikh Uvais becomes the new Il-Khan. The Ilkhanate is effectively now disbanded and replaced by the Jalayirid dynasty of Persia.
- Shah Shuja overthrows his father, Mubarazuddin Muhammad, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe.
- Mohammed Shah I becomes Bahmani Sultan of Deccan (now part of southern India) after the death of Sultan Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah.
- Muhammad II as Said becomes ruler of the Marinid dynasty in present-day Morocco after the assassination of Abu Inan Faris.
1359
January–December
- May 25 – The French States-General repudiates the terms of the Second Treaty of London, signed earlier in the year between England and France.
- June 21 – Upon the death of Erik Magnusson, his claims to the Swedish throne die with him and power is restored undivided to his father, king Magnus.
- July 4 – Francesco II Ordelaffi surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.
- December 19 – The Courts of the Principality of Catalonia are held in Cervera, giving birth to the Deputation the General of Catalonia (Diputació del General de Catalunya), alo called Generalitat of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya).
Date unknown
- Murad I (1359–1389) succeeds Orhan I (1326–1359) as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- Berlin joins the Hanseatic League.
- Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, and her husband, Louis of Bavaria, are absolved from excommunication.
- Abu Salim Ali II overthrows Muhammad II as Said as ruler of the Merinid Dynasty in present-day Morocco.
- Bogdan I becomes Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova) after freeing it from Hungarian control.
- The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria.
- Shah Mahmud overthrows his brother, Shah Shuja, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe in Persia.
- Qulpa becomes Khan of the Blue Horde after the death of Berdi Beg.
- Ismail II overthrows his uncle, Muhammed V, as King of Granada (in present-day Spain).
References
- ↑ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339-1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
- ↑ Rickard, J. (2000-10-03). "Battle of Taillebourg, 8 April 1351". Military History Encyclopedia on the Web. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
- ↑ Nicolle, David and Hook, Adam. Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710. Osprey Publishing, 2010. Accessed 3 Sept 2011.
- ↑ Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P., eds. (2000). Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa. New York: Marcus Weiner Press. p. 299. ISBN 1-55876-241-8.
- ↑ Schybergson, Magnus Gottfrid (1903). Finlands historia (in Swedish). 2. G. W. Edlund. p. 90.
- ↑ "Oporto to Photoengraving". Encyclopedia Americana. 21. Scholastic Library Publishing. 2004. p. 803. ISBN 978-0-7172-0138-9.
- ↑ Burton, Richard (2003). Prague: a cultural and literary history. Signal Books. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-902669-63-2.
- ↑ Brown, Keith M. (2004). Tanner, Roland, ed. Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1235–1560. Edinburgh University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7486-1485-1.
- ↑ Perrie, Maureen; Lieven, D. C. B.; Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia: From early Rus' to 1689. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-521-81227-6.
- ↑ Bunce, Frederick W. (2006). Royal palaces, residences, and pavilions of India. D.K. Printworld. p. 303. ISBN 978-81-246-0356-7.
- ↑ Raoult, Didier; Drancourt, Michel (2008). Paleomicrobiology: past human infections. Springer. p. 200. ISBN 978-3-540-75854-9.
- ↑ The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating. 2. DIANE Publishing. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4223-1857-7.
- ↑ Eliot, Joshua; Bickersteth, Jane (2003). Thailand handbook (2nd ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-903471-54-8.
- ↑ Michelet, Jules; Smith, G. H. (1845). History of France: from the earliest period to the present time. 1. D. Appleton & Co. p. 442.
- ↑ Geography at about.com
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