Kingisepp

"Yamburg" redirects here. For other uses, see Yamburg (disambiguation).
For the Estonian surname, see Kingsepp. For the town in Estonia formerly known as "Kingissepa", see Kuressaare.
Kingisepp (English)
Кингисепп (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Views of Kingisepp

Location of Leningrad Oblast in Russia
Kingisepp
Location of Kingisepp in Leningrad Oblast
Coordinates: 59°22′N 28°37′E / 59.367°N 28.617°E / 59.367; 28.617Coordinates: 59°22′N 28°37′E / 59.367°N 28.617°E / 59.367; 28.617
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of June 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Leningrad Oblast[1]
Administrative district Kingiseppsky District[1]
Settlement municipal formation Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Administrative center of Kingiseppsky District,[1] Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Municipal status (as of May 2010)
Municipal district Kingiseppsky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Kingiseppskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Kingiseppsky Municipal District,[2] Kingiseppskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 48,488 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010 327th
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
First mentioned 1384[5]
Previous names Yam (until May 14, 1703),[6]
Yamburg (until 1922)[6]
Postal code(s)[7] 188480, 188482, 188485, 188487, 188489, 188499
Dialing code(s) +7 81375
Official website
Kingisepp on Wikimedia Commons

Kingisepp (Russian: Ки́нгисепп or Кингисе́пп; Finnish: Jaama[8]), formerly Yamburg (Я́мбург), Yam (Ям), and Yama (Я́ма), is an ancient town and the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located along the Luga River 138 kilometers (86 mi) southwest of St. Petersburg, 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Narva, and 40 kilometers (25 mi) south of the Gulf of Finland. Population: 48,488 (2010 Census);[3] 50,295 (2002 Census);[9] 49,954 (1989 Census).[10]

History

14th century

The town was first documented in 1384, when the Novgorodians under Patrikas built there a fortress against the Swedes.[5] It was called Yama or Yamsky Gorodok, after the Ingrian (ethnic Finnic group) name Jaama.[8] The environs of the town are still cited as the main location of speakers of the nearly extinct Ingrian language. The citadel withstood sieges by the Swedes in 1395 and by the Teutonic Knights during the 1444–1448 war.

15-16th century

The town became the most important economic center of the Vodskaya pyatina of the Novgorod Republic. There were 201 homesteads in the 15th century in the town; its total population can only be evaluated roughly based on the estimates of three to five persons per homestead.[5] At the end of the Livonian War, it was ceded to Sweden, only to be returned twelve years later, in 1595.

17th century

Following the Treaty of Stolbovo, it again passed to the Swedes, who kept the name which in Swedish orthography became Jama or Jamo. The town was completely destroyed by Russian armies during the war of 1656–1658, after which only the citadel remained intact. It is questionable whether the town, with its exclusively Russian population, ever recovered.

18th century

First held by the Russians for a month in late 1700, the citadel was finally taken by the Russians in the course of the Great Northern War in 1703.[11] On May 14, 1703, Yam was renamed Yamburg[6] (a German version of the name). Five years later, Peter the Great granted the town to Alexander Menshikov[11] in his capacity of the Duke of Izhora. In the course of the administrative reform, Yamburg was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1780, Catherine the Great re-approved with some changes a previously existing coat of arms.[6] Uyezd town status was granted to it in 1784.[11]

20th century

Russian Civil War

Jambourg Bridge, destroyed by the White Army, 1919

Vladimir Lenin reportedly stayed in Yamburg in January 1919, when he ordered the Bolshevik troops to retake the town of Narva from Estonian forces.[12] In October 1919, the anti-Bolshevist commander, General Nikolai Yudenich captured Yamburg, which marked the beginning of the push by the Northwestern White Army towards Petrograd.[13] However, the Bolsheviks subsequently re-captured Yamburg on November 14, 1919.[14] On November 16, 1919, the forces of General Yudenich were "crowded together in a small space near Yamburg" "in a serious state of disorganization", reported The New York Times.[15]

The German form of the town name was retained until 1922, when the Bolsheviks renamed it in honor of the Estonian Communist leader Viktor Kingissepp.

Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive

During World War II, Kingisepp was occupied by German troops from August 16, 1941 until February 1, 1944, when the 109th Rifle Division captured the town, forcing the German 18th Army into new positions on the eastern bank of Narva.[16]

Administrative changes

In the beginning of the 20th century, Yamburg was the seat of Yamburgsky Uyezd of St. Petersburg Governorate (later known as Petrograd and Leningrad Governorate).[17] On May 17, 1922, Yamburgsky Uyezd was renamed Kingiseppsky, simultaneously with the town.[18]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Kingiseppsky District, with the administrative center in Kingisepp, was established.[18] The governorates were also abolished, and the district became a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[19] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Kingisepp was the administrative center of Kingisepp Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. After Kingisepp Okrug was abolished on September 19, 1940, Kingisepp became a town of oblast significance on December 17, 1940.[19] In 2010, the administrative structure of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with the municipal structure[20] and Kingisepp became a town of district significance.

Administrative and municipal divisions

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kingisepp serves as the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with the village of Porkhovo, incorporated within Kingiseppsky District as Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation.[1] As a municipal division, Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Kingiseppsky Municipal District as Kingiseppskoye Urban Settlement.[2]

Economy

Industry

The economy of Kingisepp is based on chemical, glass, and food industries.

Transportation

The railway connecting St. Petersburg with Tallinn passes through Kingisepp. There is infrequent suburban service to the Baltiysky railway station in St. Petersburg and to Ivangorod.

The A180 Highway, connecting St. Petersburg and Ivangorod, passes Kingisepp as well. It coincides with the European route E20 connecting St. Petersburg via Tallinn with Shannon Airport. Kingisepp is also connected by road with Volosovo and Slantsy.

Culture

Kingisepp contains thirteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally seventeen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include the Yam Fortress, the St. Catherine Cathedral (by Antonio Rinaldi), and the complex of military barracks of the 19th century.[21]

Yamburg's St. Catherine Cathedral was built in 1764-1782 to a late Baroque design by Antonio Rinaldi

Kingisepp has a local history museum. It was open in 1960 and is located in the buildings of the St. Catherine Cathedral. In 1990, the cathedral was transferred to Russian Orthodox Church and the museum was closed until 1999, when it re-opened in the former building of the commercial school, an architecture monument.[22]

Kingisepp museum

Twin towns and sister cities

Kingisepp is twinned with:

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Oblast Law #32-oz
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #81-oz
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 3 Bernadsky, Viktor Nikolayevich (1961). Новгород и новгородская земля в XV веке (Novgorod and the Novgorod Land in the 15th century). Leningrad: published by the USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 123–124.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Кингисепп - официальный сайт Администрации МО Кингисеппское городское поселение - История (in Russian). Официальный сайт Администрации. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  8. 1 2 http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Last+of+the+Ingrian+grannies+hold+on/1329104265831
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. 1 2 3 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 188. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  12. ↑ "Allies Repulse Reds' Attack at the Dvina". New York Tribune. January 29, 1919. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Push on Petrograd Marked by Taking of Russian Town". The Democratic Banner. Columbus, OH. Ohio Historical Society. October 14, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Bolsheviki Grain Near Petrograd". New York Tribune. Washington, DC. Library of Congress. November 15, 1919. p. 4. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Yudenitch a Refuge? Bolshevist Commander Said to Have Arrived in Esthonian Capital.". The New York Times. November 23, 1919. p. 7. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  16. ↑ David M. Glantz (2002). The Battle for Leningrad: 1941-1944. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-1208-4.
  17. ↑ Ямбург, город (in Russian). Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  18. 1 2 Ямбургский уезд (1917 г. - май 1922 г.), Кингисеппский уезд (май 1922 г. - август 1927 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  19. 1 2 Кингисеппский район (август 1927 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  20. ↑ Отчет о работе комитета по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Ленинградской области в 2010 году (in Russian). Комитет по печати и связям с общественностью Ленинградской области. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  21. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  22. ↑ Кингисеппский историко-краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved April 3, 2013.

Sources

External links

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