Wilton Hack

Wilton Hack (21 May 1843 – 27 February 1923) was an Australian artist, traveller, lecturer and utopist with interests in Theosophy and Eastern cultures.

Early life

He was born in Echunga, South Australia the son of Stephen Hack and Elizabeth Marsh Hack (née Wilton). The colony of South Australia had just gone through a financial crisis during which Stephen and his brother John Barton Hack lost their considerable fortunes. Unlike his brother, whose various business ventures never amounted to much, Stephen was able to attain a modest level of affluence. Wilton studied at J. L. Young's Adelaide Educational Institution in 1855[1] and 1856,[2] then (perhaps because of the promise he had shown) was sent to his Quaker grandparents in Gloucester, England to further his education at Sandbach Grammar School in Cheshire and the University of Heidelberg, Germany. He returned to Australia in 1865 to assist his father with his sheep station on the Long Desert, and took up a selection which he named Pinnaroo,[3] but was forced off it by the drought of 1865 – 1867. He found employment as a drawing teacher at his old school Adelaide Educational Institution, at Prince Alfred College, Thomas Caterer's Norwood Grammar School and Frederick Caterer's Glenelg Grammar School.[3]

Pastor, missionary and teacher

He married Anna Maria Stonehouse, daughter of the Rev. G Stonehouse, on 10 May 1870. He joined the Baptist church, and served as pastor at Hilton and "The Stockade" (Yatala Labor Prison).[3] He was ordained minister in 1871.

He left for Nagasaki, Japan as a Baptist missionary on the "J. H. Jessen" in November 1873 with Alfred J. Clode, John D Clark and T. L. Boag. They were involved with the Rising Sun nd Nagasaki Express newspaper, and founded a Sailors' Club,[4] but the mission made little impact, which they attributed to insufficient financial support. While there, he acted as an envoy of the South Australian Government to sound out the Japanese Government's attitude to Japanese nationals settling in the Northern Territory.[5] (In February 1877 he was sent to Japan to continue this dialogue, but the Satsuma Rebellion was occupying Tokyo's attention and his approaches were rebuffed or ignored.[6])

He returned to Sydney in June 1876 and embarked on a speaking tour of the south-eastern states, which attracted good crowds. He dropped the title "Reverend" and settled at East Maitland in 1877, founding "Wormley House Grammar School"[7] The school was taken over by a Mr Brown late in 1878[8] but did not reopen the following year.

Farming and mining

He settled on a farm at nearby Clarence Town, New South Wales, deriving an income from painting, instruction in drawing, and development and sales of a stump extractor "Little Demon" which he patented in 1884.

He helped float the companies that took over "Foley's Claim" and "John Bull Claim" at Bowling Alley Point[9] and the nearby Anderson's Flat mine[10] in 1889, the Golden Chance at Hanging Rock, New South Wales, and prospected for diamonds at Pine Ridge. At the time of the Western Australian gold rush he went to England, and was appointed manager of the East Murchison Gold Mining Syndicate, which took over the Eagle's Nest mine in the Mount Margaret district, but proved a failure.[3] (Confusingly, his son Wilton Hack jnr. was also involved in mining ventures.)[11][12]

Mount Remarkable

In 1893 at a time of high unemployment, he seized on the idea of a communal settlement and procured land at Mount Remarkable, South Australia, his plan being to settle 300 people on 5,000 acres. By March 1894 there were around 130 camped there and a little under 1,000 acres had been secured. Joining fee was £10 for single men, £20 for marrieds.[13] Hack left the settlement around June 1894, citing "ill-health",[14] but by another report, because "he was not suited to a villager's life ... he wanted to be a kind of autocrat".[15] By the end of 1895 after another poor season around half the settlers had left, and those who remained were working hard but surviving on meagre rations. In 1896 the village was closed by the Government and its assets sold[16] though some families stayed on.

Theosophy and Ceylon

Hack became associated with Theosophy and some time before 1894 began adding the initials "F.T.S." to his name.[17] He wrote a hymn "Abide with Me" in 1899, to be found in Theosophical literature,[18] (based on the famous hymn by Henry F Lyte) as well as several books influenced by Theosophical thought.[19] This interest in Eastern philosophy coincided with an involvement in two educational establishments in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka):

On returning from England to Australia around 1892, Hack visited the Buddhist girls' school run by Mrs Marie Musaeus Higgins in Colombo (its first principal was a Victorian, Kate F. Pickett, who died shortly after taking up the position[20][21]), and was sufficiently impressed to promise funds for a more suitable schoolhouse than the mud hut they were using. This was forthcoming and the Musaeus College's first permanent school building was completed in 1895. He remained a member of the board of trustees until his death.[22]

In 1899 he succeeded Harry Bambury as president of Buddhist boys school Dharmaraja College in Kandy, and did much good work in raising funds, but ill-health interfered and he retired after only a few months, to be succeeded by C. S. Rajaratnam then K. F. Billimoria.[23]

Back in Australia

He returned to Glenelg early in 1900 and became active in the local community, as organiser of a Benevolent Society,[24] vice-president of the United Labor Party,[25] and served as a magistrate.[26]

In mid-1915 he moved to Western Australia, where his sons William and Charles were working. He married again and never returned to South Australia.

Family life

He married Anna Maria Stonehouse (d. 13 August 1911) on 10 May 1870

He married Minnie Alice Vierk of Farrell Flat, South Australia on 26 April 1916

Legacy

Bibliography

Sources

References

  1. ↑ http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49293277
  2. ↑ http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49746338
  3. 1 2 3 4 Obituary The Advertiser p.8 accessed 12 September 2011
  4. ↑ http://www.nfs.nias.ac.jp/page019.html
  5. ↑ "Introduction of Japanese into the Northern Territory.". Northern Territory Times and Gazette. Darwin, NT: National Library of Australia. 30 December 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  6. ↑ Australia and Asia The Advertiser Saturday 17 August 1935 p.10 accessed 15 September 2011
  7. ↑ "Advertising.". The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 – 1893). NSW: National Library of Australia. 13 December 1877. p. 1. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  8. ↑ "Wormley House Prizes Distribution.". The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 – 1893). NSW: National Library of Australia. 17 December 1878. p. 3. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  9. ↑ Peel River Mining Company South Australian Register 29 May 1889 p.2 accessed 12 September 2011
  10. ↑ Prospectus Anderson's Flat Alluvial Mine The Advertiser 27 April 1889 p.2 accessed 12 September 2011
  11. ↑ Princess Royal G. M. Company The Advertiser Friday 8 March 1929 p.10 accessed 12 September 2011
  12. ↑ Bright Hope The Advertiser Friday 17 April 1925 p.10 accessed 12 September 2011
  13. ↑ The Village Settlements The Advertiser 2 April 1894 p.7 accessed 12 September 2011
  14. ↑ Village Settlements South Australian Register 11 July 1894 p.6 accessed 13 September 2011
  15. ↑ Mount Remarkable South Australian Register 28 October 1895 p.6 accessed 13 September 2011
  16. ↑ http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34556396
  17. ↑ Lectures Sydney Morning Herald 6 August 1894 p.8 accessed 15 September 2011
  18. ↑ http://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/selfstudy/EsotericPriniciples.pdf
  19. ↑ Occult and Psychic Phenomena The Advertiser 31 July 1909 p.13 accessed 15 September 2011
  20. ↑ "THE BUDDHIST CONVERTS.". Gippsland Times (Vic. : 1861 – 1954). Vic.: National Library of Australia. 31 July 1891. p. 3 Edition: Morning. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
    Reported here as suicide.
  21. ↑ The Pickett Tragedy The Theosophist Vol XIII No. 4 January 1892 accessed 20 September 2011
    An extensive report. H. S. Olcott gives sleepwalking theory.
  22. ↑ http://www.musaeus.sch.lk/history_5.asp
  23. ↑ http://www.dharmaraja-na.org/Links/HistoryofDharmaraja.aspx
  24. ↑ Glenelg Benevolent Association The Advertiser 25 August 1908 p.9 accessed 14 September 2011
  25. ↑ Democratic Hall and Library for Glenelg The Advertiser 22 February 1909 p.8 accessed 14 September 2011
  26. ↑ Woman's Unaccountable Action The Register 25 December 1909 p.5 accessed 14 September 2011
  27. ↑ Marriage PARKIN-STONEHOUSE South Australian Register 24 April 1872 p.4 accessed 16 September 2011
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