Voiceless labiodental affricate

Voiceless labiodental affricate
p̪͡f
p̪͜f
p̪f
Sound
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A voiceless labiodental affricate ([p̪͡f] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a labiodental stop [p̪] and released as a voiceless labiodental fricative [f].

The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has this affricate, as in [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] "hippopotami" and aspirated [ɱp̪͡fʰuka] "distance" (compare [ɱfutsu] "tortoise", which shows that the stop is not epenthetic), as well as a voiced labiodental affricate, [b̪͡v], as in [ʃileb̪͡vu] "chin". There is no voiceless labiodental fricative [f] in this dialect of Tsonga, only a voiceless bilabial fricative, as in [ɸu] "finished". (Among voiced fricatives, both [β] and [v] occur, however.)

German has a similar sound in Pfeffer /ˈp͡fɛfər/ ('pepper') and Apfel /ˈap͡fəl/ ('apple'). Phonotactically, this /p͡f/ does not occur after long vowels, diphthongs or /l/. It differs from a true labiodental affricate in that it starts out bilabial but then the lower lip retracts slightly for the frication.

Features

Features of the voiceless labiodental affricate:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Bavarian hupfa [ˈhup͡fɑ] 'to jump' Bilabial-labiodental.
German Standard[1] Pfirsiche  [ˈp͡fɪɐ̯zɪçə]  'peaches' Bilabial-labiodental.[1] See German phonology
Swiss dialects[2][3] Soipfe [ˈz̥oi̯p͡fə] 'soap' Bilabial-labiodental. The example word is from the Zurich dialect.[2]
Italian Some central-south dialects[4] infatti [iɱˈp̪͡fät̪̚t̪i] 'indeed' Labiodental, allophone of /f/ after nasals.[4] See Italian phonology
Luxembourgish[5] Kampf [ˈkʰɑmp͡f] 'fight' Bilabial-labiodental, occurs only in German loanwords.[5] See Luxembourgish phonology
Tsonga XiNkuna dialect [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] 'hippopotami' Labiodental, contrasts with aspirated form.

References

Bibliography

  • Canepari, Luciano (1992), Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [Handbook of Italian Pronunciation] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, ISBN 88-08-24624-8 
  • Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2), doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441 
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278 
  • Mangold, Max (2005), Das Aussprachewörterbuch (6th ed.), Duden, ISBN 978-3411040667 
  • Marti, Werner (1985), Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5 
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