Viminol
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Dividol |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| ATC code | N02BG05 (WHO) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Identifiers | |
| |
| Synonyms | Viminol, Dividol |
| CAS Number |
21363-18-8  |
| PubChem (CID) | 65697 |
| ChemSpider |
59125  |
| UNII |
TPV54G6XBG |
| KEGG |
D07295 |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL2104940 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.040.301 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C21H31ClN2O |
| Molar mass | 362.94 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
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| (what is this?) (verify) | |
Viminol (marketed under the brandname Dividol) is an opioid analgesic developed by a team at the drugs company Zambon in the 1960s.[1] Viminol is based on the α-Pyrryl-2-Amino-Ethanol structure, unlike any other class of opioids.[2][3]
Viminol has both antitussive (cough suppressing) and analgesic (pain reducing) effects. It has six different stereoisomers which have varying properties. 4 are inactive, the 1S-(R,R)-disecbutyl isomer being a μ-opioid full agonist around 5.5 times more potent than morphine while the 1S-(S,S)-disecbutyl isomer is an antagonist.[4][5] Since vimonol is supplied as a racemic mixture of isomers, the overall effect produces a mixed agonist–antagonist profile similar to that of opioids such as pentazocine, although with somewhat fewer side effects.[6]
Later work showed that replacing the -Cl moiety with an -F or a -CF3 produced a compound with twice the potency and half the acute toxicity.[7] A later team at Zambon modified the pyrrolidine with a pyrrolidone could produce an analogue some 318x morphine in its analgesic activity in animal studies (the latter overlays beta hydroxy fentanyl).[8] A number of related compounds were found to be active allowing a QSAR to be constructed.
Viminol has similar effects to other opioids, and produces analgesia, sedation and euphoria.
Side Effects
Side effects are similar to other opioids, and can include:
- Itching
- Nausea
- Sedation
- Respiratory depression - can be potentially life-threatening
However, since viminol is supplied as a racemic mixture of agonist and antagonist isomers, the abuse potential and respiratory depression tends to be less than that of μ-opioid full agonist drugs.
References
- ↑ Uberto M. Teotino, Davide Della Bella (10 November 1970). "US Patent 3539589 - 1-(α-PYRRYL)-2-AMINO ETHANOLS". Whitefin Holding Sa.
- ↑ A. M. Contri (April 1981). "[Chromatographic separation of diastereoisomers of aminoalcohol salts and their densitometric determination]". Il Farmaco (in Italian). 36 (4): 215–222. PMID 6894429.
- ↑ J. M Neto, J.E. Murad, S.S. Monteiro (December 1977). "Psychopharmacological properties of the viminol-p-hydroxybenzoate.". Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Medicas e Biologicas. 10 (6): 361–368. PMID 609773.
- ↑ Davide Della Bella, Carlo Veneziani Bresso, Dario Chiarnio Monza, Uberio Maria Tiotino (31 December 1974). "US Patent 3857857 - Stereoisomers of 1(1'(-O-Chlorobenzyl)-2'-Pyrryl)-2-Disec.Butylamino-Ethanol". Whitefin Holding Sa.
- ↑ Jennifer E. Shook, Mary Jeanne Kallman, William L. Dewey (January 1984). "The discriminative stimulus properties of the R2 isomer of viminol". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 20 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(84)90101-1. PMID 6546450.
- ↑ M. Cinelli, V. Costa, G. P. Ventresca, E. Lodola (May 1986). "Viminol R2 analgesic activity in patients with postoperative pain: comparison with pentazocine.". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, and Toxicology. 24 (5): 232–235. PMID 3525423.
- ↑ Franco Conti (10 April 1979). "US Patent 4148907 - Stereoisomers of 1-(1'benzyl-2'pyrryl)-2-di-sec.-butylaminoethanol and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same". Etablissement Viridis.
- ↑ Angelo Carenzi, Dario Chiarino, Davide Della Bella, Gian Carlo Grancini, Carlo Veneziani (2 October 1990). "US Patent 4960788 - Pyrrolidone-2 compounds and their use for central analgesic activity". Zambon Group S.P.A.