United States House of Representatives elections, 1830

United States House of Representatives elections, 1830
United States
July 5, 1830 - October 3, 1831

All 213 seats to the United States House of Representatives
107 seats were needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Andrew Stevenson John W. Taylor
Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian
Leader's seat Virginia-9th New York-17th
Last election 136 seats 72 seats
Seats won 126 66
Seat change Decrease 10 Decrease 6

  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Phineas L. Tracy John K. Griffin
Party Anti-Masonic Nullifier
Leader's seat New York-29th South Carolina-9th
Last election 5 seats 0 seats
Seats won 17 4
Seat change Increase 12 Increase 4


Speaker before election

Andrew Stevenson
Jacksonian

Elected Speaker

Andrew Stevenson
Jacksonian

In the United States House of Representatives elections of 1830 the supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

The brass style of Congress during the administration of Andrew Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Democrats remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority Anti-Jacksonians. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.

Election summaries

126 4 17 66
Jacksonian N AM Anti-Jacksonian
State Type Date Total
seats
Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian Anti-Masonic Nullifier
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Delaware At-large November 13, 1830 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia At-large October 4, 1830 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Louisiana District (3) July 5–7, 1830 3 1 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Maine District (7) September 13, 1830 7 6 Increase2 1 Decrease2 0 Steady 0 Steady
Massachusetts District (13) November 1, 1830 13 0 Steady 13 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi At-large August 2–3, 1830 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
New Jersey At-large November 6, 1830 6 0 Steady 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
New York District (30[Note 1]) November 1–3, 1830 34 23 Increase3 3 Decrease8 8 Increase5 0 Steady
Ohio District (14) October 12, 1830 14 6 Decrease2 8 Increase2 0 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District (18[Note 2]) October 12, 1830 26 17 Decrease7 2 Increase1 7 Increase6 0 Steady
South Carolina District (9) October 11–12, 1830 9 5 Decrease4 0 Steady 0 Steady 4 Increase4
Vermont District (5) September 6, 1830 5 0 Steady 3 Decrease1 2 Increase1 0 Steady
1831 elections
Alabama District (3) August 1, 1831 3 3 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Connecticut At-large April 14, 1831 6 0 Steady 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois At-large August 1, 1831 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Indiana District (3) August 5, 1831 3 3 Increase2 0 Decrease2 0 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky District (12) August 1, 1831 12 8 Decrease2 4 Increase2 0 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District (8[Note 3]) October 3, 1831 9 4 Decrease2 5 Increase2 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri At-large August 2, 1831 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
New Hampshire At-large March 8, 1831 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
North Carolina District (13) August 11, 1831 13 11 Increase1 2 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady
Rhode Island At-large August 23, 1831 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee District (9) August 4–5, 1831 9 8 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District (22) April, 1831 22 17 Increase1 5 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady
Total 213 126
59.2%
Decrease10 66
31.0%
Decrease6 17
8.0%
Increase12 4
1.9%
Increase4
House seats
Jacksonian
 
59.15%
Anti-Jacksonian
 
30.99%
Anti-Masonic
 
7.98%
Nullifier
 
1.88%

Complete results

Alabama

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Alabama 1st
Known as the Northern District
Clement C. Clay Jacksonian 1829 Re-elected Clement C. Clay (J) 100.00%
Alabama 2nd
Known as the Middle District
Robert E. B. Baylor Jacksonian 1825 Lost re-election
Jacksonian hold
Samuel W. Mardis (J) 41.58%
Jesse W. Garth (NR) 35.51%
Robert E. B. Baylor (J) 22.92%
Alabama 3rd
Known as the Southern District
Dixon Hall Lewis Jacksonian 1829 Re-elected Dixon Hall Lewis (J) 57.64%
John Murphy (J) 42.36%

Connecticut

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Connecticut At-Large
6 seats on a general ticket
Ralph I. Ingersoll Adams 1825 Re-elected Noyes Barber (AJ) 14.55%
Ralph I. Ingersoll (AJ) 14.54%
Jabez W. Huntington (AJ) 13.33%
William W. Ellsworth (AJ) 13.31%
William L. Storrs (AJ) 13.09%
Ebenezer Young (AJ) 1.93%

Isaac Toucey (J) 7.04%
Simeon Minor (J) 7.04%
Elisha Halsey (J) 6.33%
William Hollabird (J) 4.88%
Thaddeus Betts 3.95%
Noyes Barber Adams 1821 Re-elected
Ebenezer Young Adams 1829 Re-elected
Jabez W. Huntington Adams 1829 Re-elected
William L. Storrs Adams 1829 Re-elected
William W. Ellsworth Adams 1829 Re-elected

Delaware

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Delaware At-Large Kensey Johns Anti-Jacksonian 1827 (Special) Retired
Anti-Jacksonian hold
John J. Milligan (AJ) 52.68%
Henry M. Ridgely (D) 47.32%

Pennsylvania

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates[1][Note 4]
Pennsylvania 1 Joel B. Sutherland Jacksonian 1826 Re-elected Joel B. Sutherland (J) 66.2%
Stephen Simpson (AJ) 33.8%
Pennsylvania 2 Joseph Hemphill Jacksonian 1800
1828
Retired
Jacksonian hold
Henry Horn (J) 55.6%
Daniel W. Coxe (AJ) 44.4%
Pennsylvania 3 Daniel H. Miller Jacksonian 1822 Lost re-election
Anti-Jacksonian gain
John G. Watmough (AJ) 54.1%
Daniel H. Miller (J) 45.9%
Pennsylvania 4
Plural district with 3 seats
James Buchanan Jacksonian 1820 Retired
Anti-Masonic gain
William Hiester (AM) 52.4%
Joshua Evans, Jr. (J) 50.4%
David Potts, Jr. (AM) 49.1%
Edward Darlington (AM) 49.0%
Samuel Boyd (J) 47.3%
Archibald T. Dick (J) 37.1%
Samuel Edwards (F) 14.6%
Joshua Evans, Jr. Jacksonian 1828 Re-elected
George G. Leiper Jacksonian 1828 Retired
Anti-Masonic gain
Pennsylvania 5 John B. Sterigere Jacksonian 1826 Retired
Jacksonian hold
Joel K. Mann (J) 56.4%
John Freedly (AM) 43.6%
Pennsylvania 6 Innis Green Jacksonian 1826 Retired
Jacksonian hold
John C. Bucher (J) 54.4%
Valentine Hummel (AJ) 45.6%
Pennsylvania 7
Plural district with 2 seats
Joseph Fry, Jr. Jacksonian 1826 Retired
Jacksonian hold
Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (J) 58.3%
Henry King (J) 55.0%

John Bentenman (AM) 44.2%
Walter C. Livingston (AM) 42.5%
Henry A. P. Muhlenberg Jacksonian 1828 Re-elected
Pennsylvania 8
Plural district with 2 seats
Peter Ihrie, Jr. Jacksonian 1829 (special) Re-elected Peter Ihrie, Jr. (J) 61.0%
Samuel A. Smith (J) 48.1%

Lewis A. Coryell (D?) 33.4%
Christian J. Hutter (D?) 29.7%
James M. Porter (AJ) 18.4%
Stephen Brock (AJ) 9.4%
Samuel A. Smith Jacksonian 1829 (special) Re-elected
Pennsylvania 9
Plural district with 3 seats
Philander Stephens Jacksonian 1828 Re-elected Lewis Dewart (D[Note 5]) 99.0%
Philander Stephens (J) 69.6%
James Ford (J) 68.4%

John Burrows (AJ) 32.3%
George Walker (AJ) 30.7%
James Ford Jacksonian 1828 Re-elected
Alem Marr Jacksonian 1828 Retired
Jacksonian hold
Pennsylvania 10 Adam King Jacksonian 1826 Re-elected Adam King (J) 58.6%
William McIlvine (AJ) 41.4%
Pennsylvania 11
Plural district with 2 seats
Thomas H. Crawford Jacksonian 1828 Re-elected Thomas H. Crawford (J) 60.1%
William Ramsey (J) 59.2%

Jacob Alter (AM) 40.5%
Robert Smith (AM) 40.1%
William Ramsey Jacksonian 1826 Re-elected[Note 6]
Pennsylvania 12 John Scott Jacksonian 1828 Lost re-election
Anti-Masonic gain
Robert Allison (AM) 55.1%
John Scott (J) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 13 Chauncey Forward Jacksonian 1826 Retired
Anti-Jacksonian gain
George Burd (AJ) 50.2%
David Mann (AM) 48.5%
Reynolds[Note 7] 1.3%
Pennsylvania 14 Thomas Irwin Jacksonian 1828 Lost re-election
Anti-Masonic gain
Andrew Stewart (AM) 54.3%
Thomas Irwin (J) 45.7%
Pennsylvania 15 William McCreery Jacksonian 1828 Lost re-election
Anti-Masonic gain
Thomas M. T. McKennan (AM) 52.1%
William McCreery (J) 47.9%
Pennsylvania 16
Plural district with 2 seats
John Gilmore Jacksonian 1828 Re-elected Harmar Denny (AM) 55.2%
John Gilmore (J) 41.6%

Robert T. Stewart (J) 35.7%
William Ayers (AM) 35.4%
Walter Forward (AM) 32.2%
Harmar Denny Anti-Masonic 1829 (special) Re-elected
Pennsylvania 17 Richard Coulter Jacksonian 1826 Re-elected Richard Coulter (J) 63.5%
Thomas Pollock (AM) 26.5%
Pennsylvania 18 Thomas H. Sill Anti-Jacksonian 1826 (special)
1828
Retired
Anti-Masonic gain
John Banks (AM) 57.1%
Thomas S. Cunningham (J) 42.9%

In the 11th district, William Ramsey (J) died on September 29, 1831, before the first meeting of the 22nd Congress. A special election was held on November 22, 1831 to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Robert McCoy (J)[2]

See also

Notes

  1. Includes 3 plural districts
  2. Includes 6 plural districts
  3. Includes 1 plural district
  4. For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats
  5. Ran on joint Jacksonian/Anti-Jacksonian ticket
  6. Died before the start of the 22nd Congress
  7. Source did not give full name

References

Bibliography

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