United Kingdom local elections, 1949

United Kingdom local elections, 1949
United Kingdom
4 to 9 April 1949
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Winston Churchill Clement Attlee Clement Davies
Party Conservative Labour Liberal
Leader since 9 October 1940 25 October 1935 2 August 1945
Councillors 982 854 97

Elections in England and Wales, 1949 held during the week April 4–9 for County Council positions resulted in sweeping Conservative gains and correspondingly heavy Labour losses. A remarkable feature of the elections was the "dead heat" in the London County Council between Labour and the Conservatives, who each won 64 seats,[1] with the Liberals retaining one seat, that of Sir Percy Harris in Bethnal Green. Outside London, Labour lost its former control of Middlesex, Essex, Northumberland, and the West Riding of Yorkshire; retained control of Derbyshire, Durham, Glamorgan, Monmouthshire, and Nottinghamshire, but won Carmarthenshire, the only county gained by Labour.

Background

County Councils were introduced in England and Wales on 22 September 1889 by the Local Government Act of 1888. County councils were responsible for their area's strategic services, with smaller urban district councils and rural district councils responsible for other activities. The writ of the county councils did not extend everywhere: county boroughs were independent of the council for the county in which they were geographically situated, and county borough councils exercised the functions of both county councils and district councils.[2]

1949 County Council election results

The England and Wales County Council elections where held the week April 4–9, 1949. Prior to 1949 local elections were held in November, so those councillors who were due to retire in November 1948 had their terms extended to April 1949. (Local elections were later moved to the first Thursday of May.) Of the total of 3,879 vacant seats in the 62 counties in which elections were held, about half (1,938) the councillors were returned unopposed, whilst 1,941 seats were contested. The table below,[3] compiled by The Times newspaper, summarises the results, showing candidates returned, and individual gains and losses.

Summary of results
Party Councillors
Gains Losses Total elected
Conservative Party 360 19 982
Labour Party 69 19 854
Liberal Party 10 34 97
Independents (with Conservative support) 123 61 828
Independents 40 101 1,003
Communist Party of Great Britain None 7 None

1949 Borough elections

There were also local elections in urban district councils, rural district councils, Municipal boroughs in London and 392 cities and towns in England and Wales in May 1949. These showed a similar advance in Conservative support to that recorded in the County Council elections.

Summary of results

The results for the boroughs outside London were:[4]

Party Councillors
Gains Losses % Gains % Losses
Conservative Party 560 24 96% 4%
Labour Party 77 530 13% 87%
Liberal Party 19 40 32% 68%
Independents 121 181 40% 60%
Communist Party of Great Britain None 2 None 100%

By-elections in 1949

There were six Parliamentary by-elections held in 1949. All were in Labour held seats and all were retained by Labour but each one showed a movement of votes away from Labour and towards the Conservatives.[5] Cook and Ramsden comment however that there was relatively little in these by-election results to indicate the extent to which the Tories would recover lost ground in the 1950 general election.[6] However the first by-election to be held after the County and other local elections, in West Leeds on 21 July 1949,[7] showed the largest swing to the Conservatives in any Parliamentary contest for the previous nine months.[8] Despite the assessment by Cook & Ramsden that the by-elections of 1949 offered little indication that the Tories would do so well in 1950, taken together with the County and other local results, a clear pattern of dissatisfaction with the Labour government can be discerned and a willingness by the electorate to turn again towards the Conservatives.

General election prospects

After the Second World War local elections came to be accepted increasingly as barometers of the national political mood.[9] The combined County and Borough election results offered a useful snapshot of public opinion as the Labour government elected in 1945 neared the end of its term of office.

Conservative reaction

The influential Conservative peer, Lord Woolton who was chairman of the Tory party between 1946 and 1955, commented that the elections had taken place on a national scale and in effect constituted a miniature general election, indicating how opinion had changed in the country since 1945. The Conservatives especially took heart from the results. Tory leader Winston Churchill told a rally at the Royal Albert Hall that the County Council contests had seen great Conservative victories and there was a prospect of more to come. He forecast that the next general election would be ‘one of the most memorable’. Anthony Eden told the same meeting that the election results showed the electorate were moving towards the Conservative approaches of lower taxation, halting further nationalisations, providing incentives and the revival of the virtue of thrift.[10]

Labour reaction

For Labour, Herbert Morrison told supporters that it was inevitable that Labour would be unable to hold on to the gains it had made in the exceptional years of 1945–46. He said that Labour would have to learn the lessons of the election results, particularly tactical ones about how and in which constituencies the Tories chose to fight the hardest and put the greatest resources. This was a theme taken up in The Times leader of 14 May 1949 when it was commented that the Conservative Party machine had made great strides under Lord Woolton's direction and was now capable of enthusing its supporters and getting them to the polls in great numbers.[11] However, in policy terms Morrison seemed reluctant to learn lessons, saying Labour needed more of the same and arguing for further attacks on ‘powerful vested interests’ to transform great private economic interests into public concerns,[12] a call for more nationalisation and state regulation.

Liberal reaction

As for the Liberals, they had read the writing on the wall. In late 1949 they persuaded Lloyd's of London to insure their candidates’ deposits for the next general election. For the sum of £5,000 Lloyds agreed to pay for all deposits lost after the first 50 up to 250.[13] This turned out to be a shrewd deal as 319 of the 475 candidates the Liberal Party put up at the 1950 general election lost their deposits, amounting to two thirds of the total number of candidates standing.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Times, 9 April 1949
  2. ↑ Edwards, John,'County' in Chambers' Encyclopedia; George Newnes, 1955 pp189–191
  3. ↑ Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume VII, April, 1949 United Kingdom, Page 9951
  4. ↑ The Times, 14 May 1949
  5. ↑ C. Cook & J. Ramsden, By-elections in British politics UCL Press, 1997 p.285
  6. ↑ Cook & Ramsden, op cit p152
  7. ↑ WGK. "1949 By Elections". Geocities.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  8. ↑ Cook & Ramsden, op cit p285
  9. ↑ D. Butler & G. Butler, British Political Facts, 1900–1994; Macmillan, 1994 p443
  10. ↑ The Times, 30 April 1949
  11. ↑ The Times, 14 May 1949, p5
  12. ↑ The Times, 2 May 1949
  13. ↑ Liberal News, 28 October 1949 p1
  14. ↑ J. S. Rasmussen, The Liberal Party: A Study of Retrenchment and Revival; Constable 1965 p17
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