Ukrainian parliamentary election, 1994

Ukrainian parliamentary election, 1994
Ukraine
27 March 1994
All 450 seats to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
226 seats were needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Petro Symonenko Vyacheslav Chornovil Oleksandr Moroz
Party Communist Party People's Movement Socialist Party
Leader since 19 June 1993 1989 26 October 1991
Last election reinstated Democratic Bloc reformed
Seats won 86 20 14
Seat change New – New
Popular vote 3,683,332 1,491,164 895,830
Percentage 13.6% 5.5% 3.3%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Serhiy Dovhan Levko Lukyanenko Slava Stetsko
Party Peasants Party Republican Party Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
Leader since 25 January 1992 29 April 1990 18 October 1992
Last election – Democratic Bloc –
Seats won 19 8 5
Seat change New New New
Popular vote 794,614 728,614 361,352
Percentage 2.9% 2.7% 1.3%

Results of the 1994 parliamentary election (inaccurate).
Chairman of Parliament before election

Ivan Plyushch
Independent

 Elected Chairman of Parliament

Oleksandr Moroz
Socialist Party

Ukraine
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Ukraine

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 27 March 1994, with a second round between 2 and 10 April.[1] However, 112 seats were remained unfilled, and a succession of by-elections were required in July, August, November and December 1994 and more in December 1995 and April 1996.[1] Three hundred (300) seats or two thirds (2/3) of the parliament were required to be filled for the next convocation.

In what were the first elections held after Ukraine broke away from the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of Ukraine emerged as the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 86 of the 338 seats decided in the first two rounds.[2] This election was the result of a compromise between the President and the Verkhovna Rada, which was reached on 24 September 1993 because of a political crisis caused by mass protests and strikes particularly from students and miners. On that day, the Rada adopted a decree to organize parliamentary elections ahead of schedule, and ahead of scheduled presidential elections in June.

Electoral system (50% rule)

As in the previous this election took place according to the majoritarian electoral system in 450 electoral districts containing several precincts.[3] Each region was assigned a proportion of districts depending on its population. Hence the most mandates were received by the more populated eastern regions of Ukraine, particularly the regions of Donets basin such as Donetsk Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.

In order to be elected a candidate needed to obtain more than 50% of votes and in order for the election to be valid more than 50% of registered voters needed to vote. If no candidate obtained more than 50% in the first round, the top two candidates were listed on the ballot in the second round. In the second round the 50% rule was applied as well. Reelections were called in case if the 50% votes in the second round was not met.

Because of those conditions several districts in the Verkhovna Rada were left not represented for a whole convocation. Particularly acute that problem was in the city of Kiev that was assigned 23 mandates, while in the parliament only its 10 representatives participated in the second convocation - less than a half. Kiev became the most under represented region.

Results

Party Votes % Seats
Communist Party of Ukraine3,683,33212.7286
People's Movement of Ukraine1,491,1645.1520
Socialist Party of Ukraine895,8303.0914
Peasant Party of Ukraine794,6142.7419
Ukrainian Republican Party728,6142.528
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists361,3521.255
Democratic Party of Ukraine312,8421.082
Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine239,7630.834
Liberal Party of Ukraine173,5030.600
Ukrainian National Assembly148,2390.511
Party of Labor114,4090.44
Social Democratic Party of Ukraine104,2040.42
Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine100,0070.41
Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party99,0280.32
Toiling Congress of Ukraine83,7020.30
Civil Congress of Ukraine72,4730.32
Party of Greens of Ukraine71,9460.30
Social National Party of Ukraine49,4830.20
Ukrainian Party of Justice40,4140.10
State Independence of Ukraine24,7220.10
Party of Economic Revival20,8290.10
Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine18,8070.10
Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists16,7660.10
Ukrainian Party of Solidarity and Social Justice12,8470.00
Constitutional Democratic Party of Ukraine12,7110.00
Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party11,8270.00
Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine8,5760.00
Ukrainian National Conservative Party6,6680.00
Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party5,9170.00
Ukrainian Beer Lovers Party1,8060.00
Party of free Peasants of Ukraine1,1690.00
Party of National Salvation of Ukraine5150.00
Other parties28,1660.10
Independents14,894,26951.42168
Against all2,512,1188.67–
Vacant––112
Invalid/blank votes1,821,3506.29–
Total28,963,982100450
Registered voters/turnout38,204,10075.81–
Source; Nohlen & Stöver

Parliamentary factions

Blocs were formed in the Rada on 11 May 1994:

Political Bloc Seats Supported for the President
Communists of Ukraine 83 Oleksandr Moroz, Leonid Kuchma
Socialist Party of Ukraine 25[4] Oleksandr Moroz
People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) 27 Volodymyr Lanovyi
Interregional Bloc 26 Leonid Kuchma
Bloc "Derzhavnist'" 25 Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Center" 38 Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Agrarians of Ukraine" 36 Oleksandr Tkachenko, Leonid Kravchuk
Bloc "Reforms" 27 Volodymyr Lanovyi
Bloc "Unity" 25 –
Not affiliated 23 –
Total355

The political blocks formed in the Verkhovna Rada did not exactly represented a similar party. Such parties as the Peasant's Party of Ukraine (SelPU) and the Agrarians for Reform (AZR) (a breakaway SelPU members) formed the Agrarians of Ukraine block. Although some of the deputies, especially from SelPU, joined the Socialist block. The Ukrainian Republican Party (URP), the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (CUN), and the Democratic Party of Ukraine (DemPU) has formed the electoral block Derzhavnist (Statehood).

In February 1997 the following factions were present in parliament:[5]

By regions (single constituency)

Regional rankings

by party

Crimea (19)
Vinnytsia Region (16)
Volyn Region (9)
Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)
Donetsk Region (48)
Zhytomyr Region (12)
Zakarpattia Region (11)
Zaporizhia Region (18)
Ivano-Frankivsk Region (13)
Kirovohrad Region (12)
Luhansk Region (23)
Lviv Region (22)
Mykolaiv Region (11)
Odessa Region (23)
Kiev Region (17)
Poltava Region (16)
Rivne Region (10)
Sumy Region (12)
Ternopil Region (10)
Kharkiv Region (25)
Kherson Region (10)
Khmelnytsky Region (13)
Cherkasy Region (13)
Chernivtsi Region (8)
Chernihiv Region (13)
Kiev (11/23)
Sevastopol (4)

by nationality

Kyiv (11/23)
Sevastopol (4)
Crimea (19)
Vinnytsia Region (16/17)
Volyn Region (8/9)
Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)
Donetsk Region (47)
Zhytomyr Region (12/13)
Zakarpattia Region (10)
Zaporizhia Region (18)
Ivano-Frankivsk Region (12/13)
Kiev Region (16)
Kirovohrad Region (10)
Luhansk Region (24)
Lviv Region (22/23)
Mykolaiv Region (11)
Odessa Region (21/23)
Poltava Region (16)
Rivne Region (10)
Sumy Region (11/13)
Ternopil Regin (10)
Kharkiv Region (25/28)
Kherson Region (9/11)
Khmelnytskyi Region (13)
Cherkasy Region (13)
Chernivtsi Region (8)
Chernihiv Region (12)

Aftermath

Due to the low turnout, 112 seats remained vacant and later in the summer of 1994 (24 and 31 July and 7 August) 20 MPs were elected to the Rada. On 20 November and 4 December nine more MPs were elected.

On 30 May 1994 MP Roman Kuper died of a heart attack and Leonid Kravchuk was elected as his replacement on 25 September. On 15 July Leonid Kuchma surrendered his parliamentarian mandate after being elected President, and Vasyl Yevrukhov was elected in his place. On 21 August MP Vitaliy Yurkovsky died, and was replaced by Natalya Vitrenko.

References

  1. 1 2 Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1976 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver, p1991
  3. ↑ Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften) by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 90-5629-631-0 (page 93)
  4. ↑ Political parties of the world by Alan J. Day and Henry W. Degenhardt, 2002, John Harper Publishing, ISBN 978-0-9536278-7-5, Page 479
  5. ↑ Contemporary Ukraine Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation by Roman Solchanyk, M. E. Sharpe, May 1998, ISBN 0765602245 (page 26)
  6. ↑ membership was annulled on June 13, 1996
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