Turks in Austria

Turks in Austria
Total population

(185,592 (Turkish citizens)[1]


350,000[2][3][4]-500,000[5][6] (including descendants))
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam, minority Irreligious

Turks in Austria (German: Türken in Österreich; Turkish: Avusturya Türkleri) are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Austria who form the second largest ethnic group in the country after Austrians.

History

Turkish Citizens in Austria[7][8][9]
Year Population Year Population
1951 112 2000 126,995
1961 217 2001 127,226
1971 16,423 2002 127,018
1981 59,900 2003 122,931
1991 118,579 2004 116,882
1997 132,737 2005 113,635
1998 131,729 2006 108,808
1999 127,533 2007 109,716

Turkish people were recruited to Austria as Gastarbeiter (guest workers) for the construction and export industries following an agreement with the Turkish government in 1964. From 1973 the policy of encouraging guest workers ended and restrictive immigration laws were introduced, first with the 1975 Aliens Employment Act, setting quotas on work permits, and then the 1992 Residence Act, which set quotas for residency permits without the right to work. A more restrictive system was put in place in 1997 and further limits imposed in 2006.

Since the 1970s Turks living and working in Austria have focused on family reunification and on seeking Austrian citizenship, for which they need to have lived in Austria for 10 years.

Turkish day in Vienna, Austria (2009).

Population

According to the 2001 census, there was 183,445 Turkish nationals living in Austria. According to the Minority Rights Group International many of the Turks living in Austria have been naturalized and the full community is estimated to number between 200,000 and 300,000. Turks are the largest single immigrant group, the leading group seeking Austrian citizenship, and account for the majority of Muslims.[10]According to BBC the number of Turks in Austria are estimated to be around 350,000.[11]

Demographics

Turkish Citizens in Austria[12]
States of Austria 1971 1981 1991 2001
Austria 16,423 59,900 118,579 127,226
Burgenland 33 238 630 1,280
Carinthia 23 173 595 1,192
Lower Austria 3,479 10,125 18,129 19,911
Upper Austria 1,261 5,665 13,233 17,226
Salzburg 951 2,986 6,558 8,800
Styria 140 401 1,560 4,793
Tyrol 1,664 6,890 13,652 16,017
Vorarlberg 5,049 13,712 20,346 18,838
Vienna 3,823 19,710 43,876 39,119
The Yunus-Emre-Fountain is located in the Türkenschanzpark Währing. It is a present from the Republic of Turkey to Austria (1991)

Notable people

See also

References

Bibliography

  • Abadan-Unat, Nermin (1976), Turkish Workers in Europe 1960-1975: A Socio-economic Reappraisal, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-04478-7 .
  • Abbott, John S. C. (2007), The Empire of Austria: Its Rise and Present Power, BiblioBazaar, ISBN 1-4264-9252-9 .
  • Ache, Peter (2008), Cities Between Competitiveness and Cohesion: Discourses, Realities and Implementation, Springer, ISBN 1-4020-8240-1 .
  • Akgündüz, Ahmet (2008), Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960-1974: A Multidisciplinary Analysis, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 0-7546-7390-1 .
  • Bauböck, Rainer (2006), Migration and Citizenship: Legal Status, Rights and Political Participation, Amsterdam University Press, ISBN 90-5356-888-3 .
  • Bhatia, Tej K.; Ritchie, William C. (2006), The Handbook of Bilingualism, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-22735-0 .
  • Boswell, Christina; Royal Institute of International Affairs (2003), European Migration Policies in Flux: Changing Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0296-9 .
  • Dana, Leo Paul (2008), Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship: A Co-evolutionary View on Resource Management, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 1-84542-733-5 .
  • Frejka, Tomaš; Hoem, Jan Michael; Toulemon, Laurent; Sobotka, Tomáš (2008), Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe, Books on Demand, ISBN 3-8370-6187-6 .
  • Hunter, Shireen (2002), Islam, Europe's Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-275-97609-2 .
  • Kasaba, Reşat (2008), The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 4, Turkey in the Modern World, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-62096-1 .
  • Kohl, Katrin Maria; Robertson, Ritchie (2006), A History of Austrian Literature 1918-2000, Boydell & Brewer, ISBN 1-57113-276-7 .
  • Martin, Philip L.; Weil, Patrick (2006), Managing Migration: The Promise of Cooperation, Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-1341-0 .
  • Matzka, Christian (2009), Austria and Turkey: their burden of histories (PDF), http://www.herodot.net/: University of Vienna 
  • Nielsen, Jørgen S. (2004), Muslims in Western Europe, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0-7486-1844-9 .
  • Nikolov, Marianne; Curtain, Helena (2000), An Early Start: Young Learners and Modern Languages in Europe and Beyond, Council of Europe, ISBN 92-871-4411-7 .
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008), International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2008, OECD Publishing, ISBN 92-64-04565-1 .
  • Panayi, Panikos (1999), Outsiders: A History of European Minorities, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 1-85285-179-1 .
  • Plender, Richard (1988), International Migration Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN 90-247-3604-8 .
  • Potz, Richard; Wieshaider, Wolfgang (2004), Islam and the European Union, Peeters Publishers, ISBN 90-429-1445-9 .
  • Statistik Austria (2008), Demographisches Jahrbuch 2007, http://www.statistik.at/web_en/: Statistik Austria, ISBN 978-3-902587-73-2 
  • Waardenburg, Jacques (2003), Muslims and Others: Relations in Context, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-017627-0 .

Further reading

Media related to Turks in Austria at Wikimedia Commons

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