Tredegar Iron and Coal Company

Tredegar Iron and Coal Company was a major maker of iron in Tredegar, Wales, which due to its need for coke became a major developer of coal mines and particularly the Sirhowy Valley of South Wales. It is most closely associated with the Industrial Revolution and coal mining in the South Wales Valleys.

Background

In 1778 an iron furnace was built in the upper Sirhowy Valley by Thomas Atkinson and William Barrow, who came to the area from London.[1] Fuel was needed for the furnace so men were employed to dig coal at Bryn Bach and Nantybwch, the first small scale coal mining operation in the area. The furnace failed in 1794, and hence also the business.

Sirhowy Ironworks

In 1797, Samuel Homfray, with partners Richard Fothergill and the Matthew Monkhouse built a new furnace which they called the Sirhowy Ironworks, leasing the land from the Tredegar Estate in Newport.[2]

In 1800, the company was renamed the Tredegar Iron Company, named in honour of the Tredegar Estate at Tredegar House and Tredegar Park in Newport. The company was taken over by the Harfords of Ebbw Vale in 1818.[3]

Operations

The company ironworks were developed on a single site, which later became known as Whiteheads, after that company took over the southern section of the site in 1907. By 1850, TICC employed between 2000 and 3000 people at its 9 furnaces, mills shops and ancillary plants.[3]

However, all of this production on such a vast scale had a price. Adrian Vaughn, in his 1985 book "Grub, Water & Relief," mentions that in 1832 John Gooch took a managerial post in the Tredegar iron works:

“ Utterly remote at the head of the Sirhowy valley, the town was a man-made hell. Men and children worked killing hours in the smoke and filth of the foundries and were maimed by molten metal. Their only medical help was that administered by the 'Penny Doctor.' Wages were paid in Homfray's private coinage — banks were not allowed in the town — so workers spent their coins in Homfray's shops, buying food at Homfray's prices. Poverty and malnutrition followed and disease followed both ”

With many people in such a small area, and with poor sanitation provision, there were several cholera epidemics in the town in the 19th century. A dedicated cholera burial ground was later established at Cefn Golau.[4]

1875-1946

In 1875, the company renamed itself the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company, to allow development of additional coal mining capacity.[3]

In 1891, the company ceased production of iron, but continued to develop coal mines and produce coal. The former Tredegar Ironworks were effectively abandoned, with Whiteheads taking over the southern section of the site from 1907. In 1931, they also closed down their operations, moving everything to their Newport works.[3]

TICC continued to develop coal mines and work pitts, until it was nationalised in 1946, becoming part of the National Coal Board.[3] Its last chairman was Henry McLaren, 2nd Baron Aberconway.[5]

Mines developed by the company

References

  1. ↑ "A look at Old Tredegar in photographs" Volume 1 Philip Prosser Old Bakehouse Publications 1990
  2. ↑ B. Gardner's History of Tredegar and other information
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "History". tredegar.co.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council: Cefn Golau Cholera Cemetery". Retrieved 2010-11-05.
  5. ↑ "Tredegar Iron and Coal Company". Durham National Coal Mining Museum. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
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