Tarquinia (gens)
Tarquinius (plural Tarquinii; compare the place name Tarquinia) is the gens name (nomen) of a Roman family of Greco-Etruscan origin. Two Tarquins were among the semi-legendary kings of Rome.
Historical versus legendary
The Tarquinii appear only in the legendary accounts of the pre-republic Roman Kingdom. The presence of two King Tarquins in the legend, the second being ousted as a tyrant, may indicate that a family by that name attempted to monopolize political power beyond what Roman custom and tradition considered acceptable at the time.[1] According to tradition, the precipitating event was the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius, the king's son. The expulsion of the Tarquins signaled the end of the Regal period and the beginning of the Republic in Roman history.
List of Tarquinii
- Lucius Tarquinius Priscus Rex (Tarquin the Elder), fifth king of the Roman kingdom[2]
- Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Rex (Tarquin the Younger or Tarquin the Proud), seventh and final king of Rome and son of Priscus[3]
- Sextus Tarquinius, son of Superbus who committed the rape of Lucretia[4]
- Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, nephew of Priscus who briefly served as one of the first Consuls of the Roman Republic[5]
References
- ↑ Gary Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War (University of California Press, 2005, 2006), p. 98.
- ↑ Livy,Ad Urbe Condita (The History of Rome), Book I 34-39
- ↑ Livy,Ad Urbe Condita (The History of Rome), Book I 49-60
- ↑ Livy,Ad Urbe Condita (The History of Rome), Book I 56-58
- ↑ Livy,Ad Urbe Condita (The History of Rome), Book I 56-60