Takhtajan system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups.

1966 system

Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) ^[1] p. 51
- Class: Magnoliatae (Dicotyledones) p. 51
- Class: Liliatae (Monocotyledones) p. 461
  - Subclass A: Alismidae p. 461
  - Subclass B: Liliidae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
    - Superorder Lilianae p. 473 (was nom. nov.)
      - Order Liliales p. 473
        Family Liliaceae p. 474
        
        Family Xanthorrhoeaceaep. 476
        
        Family Aphyllanthaceaep. 476
        
        Family Alliaceae p. 477
        
        Family Agavaceae p. 478
        
        Family Amaryllidaceae p. 480
        
        Family Alstroemeriaceae p. 481
        
        Family Haemodoraceae p. 482
        
        Family Hypoxidaceae p. 483
        
        Family Velloziaceae p. 483
        
        Family Philesiaceae p. 484
        
        Family Tecophilaeaceae p. 484
        
        Family Cyanastraceae p. 485
        
        Family Asparagaceae p. 486
        
        Family Smilacaceae p. 487
        
        Family Stemonaceae p. 487
        
        Family Dioscoreaceae p. 488
        
        Family Taccaceae p. 489
        
        Family Phylydraceae p. 491
        
        Family Pontederiaceae p. 490
      - Order Bromeliales p. 492
      - Order Iridales p. 494
      - Order Zingiberales p. 498
      - Order Orchidales p. 505
    - Superorder Juncanae p. 510
  - Subclass C: Commelinidae p. 461
  - Subclass D: Arecidae p. 525

2009 system

As published in Flowering Plants^[2]

Phylum Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants) Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)^[3]
- Class Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843) (Dicotyledons) p. 7
- Class Liliopsida Scop. (1760) (Monocotyledons) p. 595
  - Subclass I: Alismatidae p. 589
  - Subclass II: Liliidae Takht. (1966) p. 625
    - Superorder Lilianae Takht. (1966)
      - Order Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
      - Order Trilliales Takht. (1996)
      - Order Liliales Perleb (1826)
        1. Family Campynemataceae
        
        2. Family Colchicaceae
        
        3. Family Tricyrtidaceae
        
        4. Family Scoliopaceae p. 634
        
        5. Family Calochortaceae p. 634
        
        6. Family Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789) p. 634
        
        7. Family Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987) p. 634
      - Order Burmanniales
      - Order Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
      - Order Smilacales
      - Order Orchidales
      - Order Iridales
      - Order Amaryllidales
      - Order Asparagales
    - Superorder Pandananae
    - Superorder Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
    - Superorder Arecanae
  - Subclass III: Arecidae p. 693
  - Subclass IV: Commelinidae p. 699

References

Bibliography

Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (1966). "Lilianae". Система и филогения цветкорых растений (Sistema i filogeniia tsvetkovykh rastenii) [Systema et Phylogemia Magnoliophytorum] (in Russian). trans. C Jeffrey, as Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal, Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 1969. Moscow: Наука. p. 473. ISBN 0-05-001715-2. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Cronquist, Arthur; Takhtajan, Armen; Zimmermann, Walter (April 1966). "On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta". Taxon. 15 (4): 129–134. doi:10.2307/1217531. JSTOR 1217531.
Takhtajan, A. (1980). "Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophya)". Botanical Review. 46 (3): 225–359. doi:10.1007/BF02861558.
Takhtajan, Armen (1991). Evolutionary trends in flowering plants. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 9780231073288.
Takhtajan, Armen Leonovich (2009). Flowering Plants. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-9609-7. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
Singh, Gurcharan (2004). "Armen Takhtajan". Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. pp. 269–277. ISBN 1-57808-351-6. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Reveal, James (22 November 1998). "Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne". Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
Reveal, James L (5 Nov 1997). "Takhtajan System of Classification" (pbio 250 Lecture Notes). Plant Systematics. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 10 January 2016.

External links

Takhtajan system at CSDL, Texas. Also, at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system): 1, 2, 3
Angiosperm Classification according to Armen Takhtajan, 1966

List of systems of plant taxonomy

Pre-Linnaean

John Ray system (1686–1704)	A discourse on the seeds of plants Methodus plantarum nova De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta

Pre-Darwinian

Linnaean system (1735–51)	Systema Naturae Species Plantarum Genera Plantarum Philosophia Botanica

Adanson system (1763)	Familles naturelles des plantes

De Jussieu system (1789)	Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam

De Candolle system (1819–24)	Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta

Berchtold and Presl system (1820–1823)	O Prirozenosti Rostlin

Agardh system (1825)	Classes Plantarum

Gray system (1821)	The Natural Arrangement of British Plants

Dumortier system (1829)	Analyse des familles des plantes

Lindley system (1830–45)	An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany The Vegetable Kingdom

Don system (1834)	General History of Dichlamydious Plants.

Bentham & Hooker system (1862–83)	Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita.

Baillon system (1867–94)	Histoire des plantes

Post-Darwinian (Phyletic)

Nineteenth century

Eichler system (1875–1886)	Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde

Engler system (1886–1924)	Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien Das Pflanzenreich

van Tieghem system (1891)	Traité de botanique

Twentieth century

Dalla Torre & Harms system (1900–07)	Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta

Warming system (1912)	Haandbog i den systematiske botanik

Hallier system (1912)	L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes

Bessey system (1915)	The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants

Wettstein system (1901–35)	Handbuch der systematischen Botanik

Lotsy system (1907–11)	Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik.

Hutchinson system (1926–73)	The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny

Calestani system (1933)	Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme

Kimura system (1956)	Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones

Emberger system (1960)	Traité de Botanique systématique

Melchior system (1964)	Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien

Takhtajan system (1966–97)	A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants Flowering plants: origin and dispersal Diversity and classification of flowering plants

Cronquist system (1968–81)	The evolution and classification of flowering plants An integrated system of classification of flowering plants

Goldberg system (1986–89	Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons

Dahlgren system (1975–85)	The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy

Thorne system (1968–2000)	An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants

Kubitzki system (1990–)	The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants

Reveal system (1999)	Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
System (1998–2009)