Submarine ace
A submarine ace (subsea ace, undersea ace, sub ace, U-boat ace) is a submarine commander who has sunk 100,000 tons or more in kills.[1][2][3]
In World War I, U-boat commanders upon sinking 100,000 tons became U-boat aces.[4] In World War II, U-boat commanders upon sinking 100,000 tons and becoming U-boat aces, were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (RK), under the points system instituted by Adolf Hitler.[5] Those who exceeded 200,000 tons were eligible for the Knight's Cross to the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves [6]
See also
References
- ↑ "We captured a U-boat" by Daniel V. Gallery (1957)
- ↑ Washington Post, "War & Ambivalence" by Ken Ringle, 22 April 2001
- ↑ "Business in Great Waters: The U-Boat Wars, 1916-1945" by John Terraine (1989)
- ↑ "The U-Boat Ace of Aces" by William Langenberg (2004)
- ↑ "The U-Boat Wars" by Edwin Hoyt (1984)
- ↑ "Battle of the Atlantic" by Bernard Ireland (2003)
Sources
- Washington Post, "War & Ambivalence; Captured U-boat captain Werner Henke was branded a war criminal and shot like a dog. So why is someone putting flowers on his grave?", Ken Ringle, 2001 April 22
- Challenge Publications, "The U-Boat Ace of Aces", Rear Admiral William H. Langenberg USN, 2004
- Naval Institute Press, "Battle of the Atlantic", Bernard Ireland, 2003
- Arbor House, "The U-boat Wars", Edwin Palmer Hoyt, 1984
- University of Michigan, "Business in Great Waters: The U-Boat Wars, 1916-1945", John Terraine, 1989
- Sidgwick and Jackson, "We captured a U-boat", Rear Admiral Daniel V. Gallery USN, 1957
- (German) "Grossadmiral Karl Dönitz: vom U-Boot-Kommandanten zum Staatsoberhaupt", Franz Kurowski, 1983
- (German) "Die deutschen Uboote 1906 bis 1945", Bodo Herzog, 1954
Further reading
- Naval Institute Press, "Wolf: U-Boat Commanders in World War II", Jordan Vause, 1987, ISBN 1-55750-874-7
- Naval Institute Press, "Silent Hunters: German U-Boat Commanders of World War II", Theodore P. Savas, 2003, ISBN 1-59114-817-0
- Naval Institute Press, "First U-Boat Flotilla", Lawrence Paterson, 2002, ISBN 1-55750-295-1
- Naval Institute Press, "Second U-Boat Flotilla", Lawrence Paterson, 2003, ISBN 0-85052-917-4
- Naval Institute Press, "U-Boat Ace: The Story of Wolfgang Lüth", Jordan Vause, 2001, ISBN 1-55750-863-1
External links
- Diver Magazine, HMS Moldavia (accessed 20 April 2009)
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