Scolymus

oyster thistle
golden thistle
Scolymus hispanicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Cichorieae[1]
Genus: Scolymus
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Scolymus subg. Myscolus Cass.
  • Myscolus (Cass.) Cass.

Scolymus (golden thistle or oyster thistle) is a genus of plants in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to northwestern France.[2][3]

Like other related plants also called thistles, they are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with spiny leaves and stems, However, Scolymus is not a true thistle, but rather it is a member of the chicory/dandelion tribe. They grow to 20–90 cm tall, with bright yellow flowerheads.[4][5]

Species[1][6]
  1. Scolymus giganteus
  2. Scolymus grandiflorus – Large-flowered golden thistle - Spain, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, France, Italy, Turkey, Lebanon, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Canary Islands
  3. Scolymus hispanicus – Common golden thistle or Spanish oyster thistle - from Britain to Morocco + Iran + Ukraine; naturalized in Australia, United States, Argentina, Chile
  4. Scolymus maculatus – Spotted golden thistle - from Britain to Canary Islands + Iran; naturalized in Australia + North Carolina

Phylogeny

According to recent genetic analyses, the genus Scolymus is related to the genera Hymenonema, Catananche and Gundelia. This results in the following relationship tree.[7]

subtribe Scolyminae

Gundelia

Catananche

Hymenonema

Scolymus





References

  1. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 813-814 in Latin
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Scolymus L.
  4. ↑ Flora Europaea: Scolymus
  5. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scolymus includes photos and range maps
  6. ↑ The Plant List search for Scolymus
  7. ↑ Liveri, Eleni; Tomasello, Salvatore; Oberprieler, Christoph; Kamari, Georgia (June 2016), Cytological and phylogenetic study of the Greek endemic genus Hymenonema Cass. (Cichorieae, Compositae), retrieved 2016-11-09


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