Robert Dennis (died 1592)

Arms of Denys of Holcombe Burnel: Ermine, three battle-axes gules

16th century Easter Sepulchre monument, Holcombe Burnell Church, north wall of chancel, probably the monument to Sir Robert Dennis (died 1592). The main panel shows Christ arising from the tomb, with slumbering guards. Transitional in style, Renaissance classical elements are shown such as a classical pediment and Italianate putti, but the whole is contained within a late Gothic arch

Sir Robert Dennis (died 1592) of Holcombe Burnell in Devon, was a Member of Parliament for Devon in 1555 and served as Sheriff of Devon.

Origins

He was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Denys (c.1477-1561) of Holcombe Burnell,^[1] Sheriff of Devon nine times between 1507/8 to 1553/4 and Member of Parliament for Devon who acquired large estates in Devon at the Dissolution of the Monasteries. His mother (his father's second wife) was Elizabeth Donne, a daughter of Sir Angel Donne,^[2] an Alderman of London, by his wife Anne Hawarden (alias Hawardine), of Cheshire, and widow of Sir Thomas Murfyn,^[2] Lord Mayor of London.

Career

Denys was a Member of Parliament in 1555 and was knighted at some time before 16 November 1557. He was Feodary for the Devonshire estates of the Duchy of Lancaster (a crown possession) in 1556 and to 10 December 1566 and then between 7 December 1568 and 27 July 1590. He was appointed Sheriff of Devon for 1557/8 and again for 1567/8. In 1558 or 1559 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Devon, and was appointed to the honourable position of Recorder of Exeter from 1572; He held both positions until he died.^[1]

Founds Livery Dole Almshouses

Stone tablet above entrance gate to Livery Dole, dedicated to Sir Robert Dennis, with Denys arms and quarterings above, inscribed: "These alms-houses were founded by Sir Robert Dennis, knight, in March 1591 and finished by Sir Thomas Dennis his brother (sic) in 1594"

Left: heraldic quarterings of Sir Robert Dennis (d.1592) as shown on stone escutcheon at Livery Dole; right heraldic achievement of Denys Rolle (1614–1638), Rolle Mausoleum, Bicton, with Rolle arms added as 1st quartering, which has necessitated the omission of the last quartering at Livery Dole of Godolphin

1849 sculpted escutcheon of arms of Denys of Holcombe Burnel & Bicton as shown on the new Livery Dole Almshouses erected by Lady Rolle: Ermine, three battle-axes gules

In March 1591 he founded the Livery Dole Almshouses in Heavitree Road, to the east of Exeter, near which site in 1531/2 his father, as Sheriff of Devon, had supervised the burning at the stake of the Protestant martyr Thomas Benet. In his will he requested that the building should be completed by his son Sir Thomas II Denys (1559–1613) (erroneously stated on a stone tablet above the entrance gate to have been his brother).^[3] The buildings were completed in 1594.^[4] In 1849 the almshouses were rebuilt as twin blocks on a larger scale by Lady Rolle of Bicton House, widow of John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (d.1842), eventual heir of the Dennis family. At that time new sculpted stone escutcheons showing the Dennis arms were affixed to the new buildings. The almshouses today occupy the central part of Livery Dole to the west of the chapel.

Sir Robert Dennis stated in his will dated 25 July 1592 and proved 22 September 1592, that he had "designed to set aside a plot of ground and to erect an alms-house and chapel for a certain number of poor people with weekly stipends and certain yearly commodities, as would appear in a devise signed and sealed by him".^[5] He appointed his son Sir Thomas Dennis as sole executor, with the testator's brothers Edward Dennis and Walter Dennis as overseers together with George Cary of Cockington and four others. He requested in his will that if he should die before its completion then his son Sir Thomas Dennis should complete the building work "in consideration of the love he bore him and that he had not disinherited him". He also directed his overseers to complete the work if his son should refuse to do so. Sir Robert did indeed die before the work was finished, and his son Sir Thomas Dennis completed the work in 1594. A "peppercorn" chief rent of one penny per annum was payable by the Livery Dole Hospital to the lord of the manor of Heavitree.^[6]

"There is not the slightest doubt of this Sir Thomas Dennis having been the testator's son",^[7] yet on a seemingly contemporary stone tablet erected over the entrance to the formerly existing quadrangle he was erroneously described as Sir Robert's "brother": "These alms-houses were founded by Sir Robert Dennis, knight, in March 1591 and finished by Sir Thomas Dennis his brother (sic) in 1594". The tablet contains also a heraldic escutcheon sculpted in relief showing the following ten quarterings of the Dennis family:^[7]

1. Dennis
2. Dabernon
3. Giffard of Halsbury in the parish of Parkham, Devon, an heiress of Dabernon^[8]
4. Brewer, heiress of Giffard^[9]
5. Bockerell
6. Cristenstowe
7. Gobodesley
8. Chiderleigh
9. Donne (or Dunne)
10. Godolphin

These quarterings can be seen clearly and with tinctures on the well-preserved monument in the private Rolle Mausoleum at Bicton to Denys Rolle (1614–1638), the son of Anne Denys, heiress of Bicton, with an added first quarter of Rolle, which has necessitated the omission of the last quarter of Godolphin.

Lands acquired

Denys acquired the manor of Bicton, on the other side of Exeter (i.e. the eastern side) to Holcombe Burnell.

Marriages and progeny

Dennis married twice as follows:

First marriage

Firstly at some time before 4 April 1552 Sir Robert Denys married Mary Blount, the second daughter of William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy,^[10] and 1st cousin to Lady Jane Grey (d.1554), the Nine Day Queen of England.^[11] By his first wife he had progeny:

• Anne Dennis, wife of Sir John Chichester (d.1586) of Raleigh in the parish of Pilton, North Devon, Sheriff of Devon in 1585 and elder brother of Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester, of Eggesford, Devon. Her grandson was Sir John Chichester, 1st Baronet (d.1667).^[12]
• Gertrude Dennis, who married firstly (as his second wife) John VI Arundell (d. 1580) of Trerice, Cornwall, Member of Parliament for Mitchell, Cornwall, in 1555 and 1558, and High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1573-1574. She married secondly Edward Parker, 12th Baron Morley (c. 1550-1618)^[13] of Norfolk.

Second marriage

Secondly at some time before 12 October 1555, he married Margaret Godolphin, a daughter and co-heiress^[14] of Sir William Godolphin of Godolphin in Cornwall, by whom he had progeny 3 sons and 5 daughters^[13] including:

• Sir Thomas II Denys, eldest son and heir, who married Anne Paulet, daughter of William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester,^[13] but died without male progeny leaving two daughters and co-heiresses:
  • Anne Denys, heiress of Bicton, who married Sir Henry Rolle (d.1616) of Stevenstone in Devon, an ancestor of John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (d.1842) and Barons Clinton, the latter of whom restored Livery Dole after the World War II bomb damage. The manors of Bicton, Littleham, Exmouth and East Budleigh passed thereupon to the Rolle family, with whose descendant Baron Clinton, much remains today in 2015, held by Clinton Devon Estates.^[15]
  • Margaret Denys (d. 1632), heiress of Holcombe Burnell, married in 1613 Sir Arthur Mainwaring of Ightfield, Shropshire, Carver to Prince Henry, eldest son of King James I.^[16] He sold Holcombe Burnell.^[14]
• Arthur Dennis.^[13]
• James Dennis.^[13]
• Elizabeth Dennis, wife successively of John Stewer, Sir Thomas Acton and Gilbert Blackaller.^[13]
• Margaret Dennis, living in 1592.^[13]
• Jane Dennis, wife of Sir ... Fowks.^[13]
• Phillipa Dennis (d.1655), wife of William Drake (d.1625) of Wiscomb^[13] in the parish of Southleigh,^[17] Devon, a son of Robert Drake of Wiscomb, a son of John VI Drake (d.1558) of Ash, Musbury, Devon.^[18]
• Mary Dennis, died without progeny.^[13]

Death & burial

It is likely that the Easter Sepulchre in Holcombe Burnell church is his tomb and monument.^[19]

References