Reference genes

This article discusses the specific topic of reference genes. For a more general list of housekeeping genes see housekeeping genes

Reference genes are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions.[1][2][3] Although some housekeeping genes (such as LDHA,[4] NONO,[4] PGK1,[4] PPIH,[4]) are expressed at relatively constant levels in most non-pathological situations, other housekeeping genes may vary depending on experimental conditions.[5] Although the terms "housekeeping gene" and "reference gene" are used somewhat interchangeably, caution must be used in selecting genes for reference purposes.

This is a list of recommended housekeeping genes that may be used for reference purposes:[1]

Gene Access no. Description Chromosome
C1orf43 NM_015449 Chromosome 1 open reading frame 43 chr1
CHMP2A NM_014453 Charged multivesicular body protein 2A chr19
EMC7 NM_020154 ER membrane protein complex subunit 7 chr15
GPI NM_000175 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase chr19
PSMB2 NM_002794 Proteasome subunit beta type 2 chr1
PSMB4 NM_002796 Proteasome subunit beta type 4 chr1
RAB7A NM_004637 Member RAS oncogene family chr3
REEP5 NM_005669 Receptor accessory protein 5 chr5
SNRPD3 NM_004175 Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D3 chr22
VCP NM_007126 Valosin containing protein chr9
VPS29 NM_016226 Vacuolar protein sorting 29 homolog chr12

The following represent genes that should probably not be used for reference purposes:GUSB,[4]RPLP0,[4] and TFRC.[4]GAPDH, HSP90, and β-actin. Although they were once considered as "housekeeping genes," recent data suggests that they are not as reliable as once thought.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Eisenberg E, Levanon EY (October 2013). "Human housekeeping genes, revisited". TRENDS in Genetics. 29 (10): 569–574. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.010. PMID 23810203.
  2. ↑ kon Butte, AJ.; et al. (2001). "Further defining housekeeping, or "maintenance," genes focus on 'a compendium of gene expression in normal human tissues'.". Physiol.Genomics. 7 (2): 95–96. PMID 11773595.
  3. ↑ Zhu, J.; et al. (2008). "On the nature of human housekeeping genes.". Trends in Genetics. 24 (10): 481–484. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.08.004. PMID 18786740.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Quiagen. "RT2 Profiler PCR Array (96-Well Format and 384-Well Format". Qiagen catalog no. 330231 PAHS-00ZA.
  5. ↑ Greer S, Honeywell R, Geletu M, Arulanandam R, Raptis L (Feb 19, 2010). "Housekeeping genes; expression levels may change with density of cultured cells.". J Immunol Methods. 355 (1–2): 76–9. doi:10.1016/j.jim.2010.02.006. PMID 20171969.
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