Supreme Court of Queensland

Supreme Court of Queensland
Façade of the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law building in Brisbane; the main sitting location of the Court.
Established	7 August 1861 (1861-08-07)
Jurisdiction	Queensland, Australia
Location	Brisbane
Coordinates	27°28′4″S 153°1′14″E / 27.46778°S 153.02056°E / -27.46778; 153.02056Coordinates: 27°28′4″S 153°1′14″E / 27.46778°S 153.02056°E / -27.46778; 153.02056
Composition method	Vice-regal appointment upon nomination by the Premier following the advice of the Attorney-General and Cabinet
Authorized by	Queensland Parliament via the Constitution of Queensland, Supreme Court Constitution Amendment Act 1861 (Qld), and Supreme Court Act 1863 (Qld)
Decisions are appealed to	High Court of Australia
Decisions are heard for appeals from	District Court of Queensland
Judge term length	mandatory retirement by age of 70
Number of positions	26
Website	www.courts.qld.gov.au
Chief Justice of Queensland
Currently	Catherine Holmes
Since	7 September 2015 (2015-09-07)
President of the Court of Appeal
Currently	Margaret McMurdo AC
Since	3 August 1998 (1998-08-03)

Queensland Court Hierarchy

Federal Law Courts High Court of Australia Federal Court of Australia

Queensland Law Courts Supreme Court of Queensland Court of Appeal Trial Division Court of Disputed Returns District Court of Queensland Planning and Environment Court Children's Court of Queensland Coroners Court of Queensland Land Court Industrial Court of Queensland Magistrates Court of Queensland

The Supreme Court of Queensland is the highest court in the Australian State of Queensland,^[1] and sits at the middle of the Australian court hierarchy.

The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court allows its trial division to hear civil matters involving claims of more than A$750,000; criminal matters involving serious offences (including murder and manslaughter); and matters arising under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and cross-vesting legislation.^[1] A jury is used to decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The division also hears all civil matters involving amounts of more than A$750,000. A jury may be used to decide these disputes.

The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court allows its Court of Appeal to hear cases on appeal from the District Court, the trial division of the Supreme Court, and a number of other judicial tribunals in Queensland.^[1] Decisions made by the Supreme Court may be heard on appeal to the High Court of Australia.

History

Rockhampton Supreme Court, ca. 1890.

The Supreme Court of Queensland was founded on 7 August 1861, with the assent of the Supreme Court Constitution Amendment Act 1861 (Qld). Two subsequent pieces of legislation, including the Additional Judge Act 1862 (Qld) and the Supreme Court Act 1863 (Qld), were also necessary to establish the court’s operating system.^[2]

Prior to separation of Queensland from New South Wales, the former naval officer, Captain John Clements Wickham, tried minor crimes in the Moreton Bay District. More serious cases were tried at the Supreme Court of New South Wales in Sydney. Two years before separation from New South Wales, the Moreton Bay Supreme Court Act 1857 (NSW) established the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in the Moreton Bay District and Samuel Milford served as Judge. Milford resigned in February 1859, and was replaced by Alfred Lutwyche.^[2]

Initially, the Brisbane Supreme Court served as the Supreme Court for all of Queensland. As the colony’s population grew, two other courts were constructed. The first sittings of the Northern Supreme Court were held at Bowen in 1874 and the Bowen Court House was built in 1880 in classical revival style. The Central Supreme Court was officially opened at Rockhampton in 1896. After the opening of the Central Supreme Court at Rockhampton, the Northern Supreme Court moved from Bowen to Townsville. Justice Virgil Power, who served as the first Judge of the Central Supreme Court, was the first Queensland-born Supreme Court Judge. As the population of Queensland has grown, additional courts have been built at locations such as Bundaberg, Mackay, Cairns, Longreach, Maryborough, Roma and Townsville.^[2]

Although the Brisbane Supreme Court initially served the needs of the entire colony of Queensland, it did not occupy a purpose-built building until 1879. Until then, the Brisbane Court sat at the Old Convict Barracks in Queen Street. These barracks were in disrepair and a number of improvements, including new sets of windows, had to be constructed to allow the continued sitting of the Court. Furthermore, on Sundays, the area of the barracks used by the Court was also used as a church. Although the Court’s surroundings were not elaborate, Parliament did provide an annual grant towards the establishment of a Supreme Court Library from 1861 to 1879.^[2]

By 1870, despite minor building modifications to the convict barracks, it had become clear that a new building was required to house the Brisbane Supreme Court. A site on George Street was selected and the prominent colonial architect, Francis Drummond Greville Stanley, submitted plans for an elaborate neoclassical building which was two storeys tall. These original plans featured stone floors and other sophisticated detail. They were later modified for financial reasons and in 1875 John Petrie successfully tendered to construct the building.^[2]

Supreme Court building, Brisbane, ca. 1891

On 6 March 1879, the new Supreme Court opened. The entrance on the North Quay frontage had been designed as the main entrance but this was soon superseded by the George Street entrance. In 1880, iron gates were also added to the building. In 1931, the Queensland Public Works Department provided funds for the renovation of the interior of the Brisbane Supreme Court.^[2]

On the night of 2 September 1968, the building that housed the Brisbane Supreme Court was damaged by arson.^[3] It was subsequently demolished, and in 1976, it was replaced with a building designed by Bligh Voller and was opened by Queensland Governor Sir James Ramsay on 3 September 1981.^[2]

In 1989, Justice Angelo Vasta was removed from the court by Queensland Governor on the request of the Parliament. This was the first time since federation that any state had used that method to remove a sitting judge from a Supreme Court.^[4] Vasta was found to be not "a fit and proper person to continue in office" after giving false evidence to an investigation related to the Fitzgerald Inquiry.

In 2008, a A$600 million building program began to create a new Brisbane Supreme Court and District Court building to be known as the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law and was officially opened on Friday 3 August 2012 by Queensland Governor Penelope Wensley incorporating a public plaza and links to the existing Brisbane Magistrates Court building.^[5] The precinct occupies an entire city block between George, Roma and Turbot streets.^[2]

Composition

In 1991 the Queensland Supreme Court was restructured into two divisions, the Trial Division and the Court of Appeal. The Court is headed by the Chief Justice of Queensland (currently Chief Justice Catherine Holmes) who sits in both the Trial Division and the Court of Appeal.

The Court of Appeal comprises the President (currently Justice Margaret McMurdo) and four Judges of Appeal, who sit only in the Court of Appeal. Proceedings in the Court of Appeal are usually heard by three judges. The Trial Division comprises a number of trial judges, and is headed by the Senior Judge Administrator (currently Justice John Byrne). Proceedings in the Trial Division are heard by one trial judge. Most trial division judges also rotate through the Court of Appeal, usually for three week periods.

Appeals from:

• the Trial Division are heard by the Court of Appeal; and
• the Court of Appeal is heard by the High Court of Australia.

The Court of Appeal also hears appeals from the District Court of Queensland.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Justices of the Court of Appeal

Justices of the Trial Division

Noted former judges

• Sir James Blair (Australian judge), who later became Chief Justice of Queensland lieutenant-governor of Queensland, Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG)
• Sir Walter Campbell, who later became Governor of Queensland
• Sir James Cockle, the first Chief Justice of Queensland
• Peter Connolly
• Edward Archibald Douglas, son of Queensland Premier, John Douglas ^[10]
• Robert Johnstone Douglas, son of Queensland Premier, John Douglas ^[11]
• Sir Harry Gibbs, who later became Chief Justice of Australia
• Sir Samuel Griffith, who later became the first Chief Justice of Australia
• Alfred Lutwyche, first judge
• Thomas McCawley
• Sir Edward Williams
• Sir William Webb, later appointed to the High Court of Australia

Facilities

The Supreme Court sits mainly in the Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law in Brisbane, which also houses the District Court.^[5] The court began operating out of this facility on 27 August 2012, prior to which it was located in the Law Courts Complex.^[5]

The court also has judges permanently appointed to sit in Rockhampton, Townsville and Cairns, and regularly sits in other regional districts.^[6]

See also

• Australian court hierarchy
• Judiciary of Australia
• List of Queensland courts and tribunals
• List of Judges of the Supreme Court of Queensland

References

Citations

Sources

• "Judges of the Supreme Court contacts". Queensland Courts. Retrieved 28 May 2006. 
• Turner, Clive 2004, Australian Commercial Law, 25th edn, Lawbook Co., Sydney.

Attribution

• This Wikipedia article incorporates text from "150 years of the Supreme Court of Queensland" by Dr Shirleene Robinson published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 11 November 2014, archived on 11 November 2014).

External links

• Moreton Bay Supreme Court Act 1857
• Supreme Court Constitution Amendment Act 1861
• Additional Judge Act 1862
• Supreme Court Act 1863

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