Province of Schleswig-Holstein

Province of Schleswig-Holstein
Provinz Schleswig-Holstein
Province of Prussia
↓ 1868–1946 →
 
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Flag Coat of arms
The Province of Schleswig-Holstein (red), within the Kingdom of Prussia, within the German Empire
Capital Kiel (1866–1879)
Schleswig (1879–1917)
Kiel (1917–1946)
History
 • Established 1868
 • North Schleswig ceded to Denmark 15 June 1920
 • Greater Hamburg Act 1 April 1937
 • Disestablished 1946
Area
 • 1905 (?) 19,004 km2 (7,337 sq mi)
 • 1939 15,682 km2 (6,055 sq mi)
Population
 • 1905 (?) 1,504,339 
Density 79.2 /km2  (205 /sq mi)
 • 1939 1,598,328 
Density 101.9 /km2  (264 /sq mi)
Preceded by 		Succeeded by
Duchy of Schleswig
Duchy of Holstein
Duchy of Lauenburg
Free City of Lübeck
Principality of Lübeck
 Schleswig-Holstein
Aabenraa County
Altona, Hamburg
Haderslev County
Sønderborg County
Tønder County
Wandsbek
Today part of  Germany
 Denmark

The Province of Schleswig-Holstein (German: Provinz Schleswig-Holstein, pronounced [ˈʃleːsvɪç ˈhɔlʃtaɪ̯n]) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to 1946. It was created from the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which had been conquered by Prussia and the Austrian Empire from Denmark in the Second War of Schleswig in 1864. Following the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, which ended in Austrian defeat, Schleswig and Holstein were annexed by Prussia. The province was created in 1868 and also included the Duchy of Lauenburg since 1876.

Following the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I, the Allied powers organised two plebiscites in Northern and Central Schleswig on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively.[1] In Northern Schleswig 75% voted for reunification with Denmark and 25% for staying with Germany. In Central Schleswig the situation was reversed with 80% voting for Germany and 20% for Denmark. No vote ever took place in the southern third of Schleswig, as it was considered a foregone conclusion that almost all the inhabitants would vote to remain in Germany.

On 15 June 1920, Northern Schleswig was officially reunited with Denmark (see: South Jutland County). The remainder of Schleswig remained part of Schleswig-Holstein, now a province of the Free State of Prussia.

With the Greater Hamburg Act of 1937, the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and the Oldenburgian exclave Region of Lübeck were incorporated into the Schleswig-Holstein province, while a number of Hamburg's adjacent municipalities, among them the city districts of Altona and Wandsbek, were incorporated into the Hanseatic City of Hamburg. This again ceded its exclaves of Geesthacht and Großhansdorf to Schleswig-Holstein.

After World War II, Schleswig-Holstein was part of the British occupation zone, although some municipalities of Schleswig-Holstein east of Ratzeburg were exchanged for municipalities of Mecklenburg in the Soviet occupation zone (Barber Lyashchenko Agreement). The British-occupied section became the new German state of Schleswig-Holstein on 23 August 1946, which joined the Federal Republic of Germany on 23 May 1949.[2]

Map of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein as of 1905.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Elklit, Jørgen; Noack, Johan Peter; Tonsgaard, Ole (1980). "A National Group as a Social System: The Case of the German Minority in North Schleswig". Journal of Intercultural Studies. 1 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1080/07256868.1980.9963137.
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Benz, Potsdam 1945: Besatzungsherrschaft und Neuaufbau im Vier-Zonen-Deutschland, Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, (=dtv Reihe Deutsche Geschichte der neuesten Zeit vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart; vol. 4522), p. 262. ISBN 3-423-04522-1

Coordinates: 54°30′N 9°24′E / 54.5°N 9.4°E / 54.5; 9.4

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