Providence Grays
| Providence Grays | |
|---|---|
| Years | 1878 - 1885 |
| Based in Providence, Rhode Island | |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Ballpark | |
| Colors | |
|
Steel Gray, Gray, Light Blue | |
| Ownership | |
| |
| Managers | |
| |
| Major league titles | |
| National League pennants | 2 (1879, 1884) |
The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team based in Providence, Rhode Island who played in the National League from 1878 until 1885. The Grays played at the Messer Street Grounds in the Olneyville neighborhood. The team won the National League title twice, in 1879 and 1884. Following the 1884 season, they won the first World Series over the New York Metropolitans of the American Association. The team folded after the 1885 season.
Origins and formation
Rhode Island was a hotbed of baseball in the 1870s with several notable amateur clubs along with Brown University's powerhouse collegiate team.[1]
In 1875, the semi-pro "Rhode Islands" were formed. After successful seasons (along with excellent paid attendance) in 1875, 1876, and 1877, the team drew the attention of the recently formed National League. When the League elected to drop the Hartford franchise after the 1877 season, Providence was awarded a franchise to replace the Connecticut club.[1]
The new team was officially organized on January 16, 1878 by Benjamin Douglas, who became the team's general manager. Henry Root was hired as the team president‚ and Tom Carey was initially hired to be the on-field captain, whose duties were similar to the modern-day manager.[2]
On January 21, 1878, Providence applied for membership in the NL, and was officially approved on February 6.[2]
On April 10, Root took over ownership of the team, fired Douglas for incompetence and insubordination, and hired Tom York to replace Carey as captain.[2][3]
On May 30, the Providence Base Ball Association was incorporated by the Rhode Island General Assembly.[4]
While the team practiced at the Dexter Training Ground in the spring of 1878, preparations were made to provide them with "the best baseball plant in the country". Construction on the Messer Street Grounds began on April 1 and took exactly one month to complete; the final nail was hammered a mere five minutes before the opening game got underway on May 1.[1]
In a break with tradition, the National League's newest addition adopted gray flannel instead of white for their home uniform and the team became known as the 'Grays'.[1]
1879 champions
One of the leading players from the 1879 pennant winner was Hall of Famer John Montgomery Ward.
The team had a putative claim to being the first Major League Baseball team to field an African-American baseball player, William Edward White, a Brown University student who played one game for the Grays on June 21, 1879. Evidence is strong but not conclusive: Peter Morris of the Society for American Baseball Research has researched this issue, as reported by the Wall Street Journal on January 30, 2004.[5]
1884 champions
The 1884 team was led by ace pitcher Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn (sometimes spelled Radbourne), who won a record 60 (59, according to some sources) games that year and led the Grays to the pennant. When the team's other star pitcher, Charlie Sweeney, defected to the rival Union Association league in July, it looked like the Grays' season was doomed, but "Old Hoss" offered to pitch the rest of the team's games. The Grays went on a 20-game winning streak and topped the league ahead of their ferocious New England rivals, the Boston Red Stockings.
At the close of the season Providence officials accepted New York Metropolitans” (AA) manager Jim Mutrie's challenge to a three-game postseason match. All of the games took place at the Polo Grounds in New York and were played under American Association rules, which forbade overhand pitching.[6]
On October 23, 1884, the Providence Grays (NL) whitewash the New York Metropolitans (AA), 6–0, behind Radbourn, in what is considered to be the first official postseason interleague game. Radbourn would allow two hits and strikeout nine. Tim Keefe is the loser.
The very next day, Radbourn three hits the Metropolitans and wins 3–1 in a game called after seven innings due to darkness. Grays third baseman Jerry Denny hits a three-run homer in the fifth inning. It is the first home run in World Series history. Tim Keefe loses for the second time.
On October 25, 1884 the Providence Grays defeat the New York Metropolitans, 11–2, in the final game of the series. Radbourn wins for the third time in three days. Buck Becannon takes the loss as Tim Keefe, New York Metropolitans losing pitcher in games 1 and 2, umpired the contest.[6]
Although post-season games prior to 1903 were considered exhibitions, the 1884 World Series is recognized today as the first inter-league postseason championship.[7][8]
This would be Providence's last appearance in a National League final. Due to financial problems, the team folded in 1885.
Other highlights
Other memorable highlights of the Grays' short existence include a no-hitter by Radbourn on July 25, 1883, the second perfect game in MLB history, pitched by John Montgomery Ward on June 17, 1880, and pitcher Charlie Sweeney striking out 19 batters in a nine-inning game on June 7, 1884, a record that would stand until broken by Roger Clemens 102 years later. They also still hold the record for the largest score in a shutout victory, with a 28-0 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies on the 21st of August, 1883[9] .
Season records
| Season | Record | Pct. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1878 | 33-27 | .550 | Third place |
| 1879 | 59-25 | .702 | Won National League Pennant |
| 1880 | 52-32 | .619 | Second place |
| 1881 | 47-37 | .560 | Second place |
| 1882 | 52-32 | .619 | Second place |
| 1883 | 58-40 | .592 | Third place |
| 1884 | 84-28 | .750 | Won National League Pennant |
| 1885 | 53-57 | .482 | Fourth place |
Notable alumni
- John Montgomery Ward: Hall of Fame member; founder of the first player's union.
- Charles Radbourn: Hall of Fame member; holds single season wins record for a pitcher, (59)
- George Wright (sportsman): Hall of Fame member; player-manager of the 1879 National League championship squad.
- Harry Wright: Hall of Fame member; manager of the 1882 and 1883 squads.
- William Edward White: First African-American player in major league history
- Lip Pike: major league baseball 4x home run champion; first prominent Jewish player.
See also
- 1884 World Series
- 1878 Providence Grays season
- 1879 Providence Grays season
- 1880 Providence Grays season
- 1881 Providence Grays season
- 1882 Providence Grays season
- 1883 Providence Grays season
- 1884 Providence Grays season
- 1885 Providence Grays season
- Providence Grays all-time roster
Footnotes
- 1 2 3 4 https://books.google.com/books?id=DLYYVtN7SZ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA47&output=embed
- 1 2 3 "Charlton's Baseball Chronology - 1878". baseballlibrary.com. The Idea Logical Company, Inc. 2006. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
- ↑ Seymour, p. 157
- ↑ Island, Rhode (1878-01-01). At the General Assembly of the State of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, Begun and Holden, ... at ... Within and for the Said State, on ..., in the Year of Our Lord ... Henry Ward, Secretary.
- ↑ Black Baseball Pioneer William White's 1879 Game http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1626450
- 1 2 http://www.19cbaseball.com/players-charles-radbourn.html
- ↑ 1884 World Series http://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1884_WS.shtml
- ↑ World Series Summary http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/postseason/mlb_ws.jsp
- ↑ "Largest Score in a Shutout". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
Further reading
- Thomas Carson, "Baseball's First World Champions: The Providence Greys," reprinted in Ken LaZebnik and Steve Lehman (eds.), Base Paths: The Best of the Minneapolis Review of Baseball: Volume 1, 1981-1987. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown, 1991.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Providence Grays. |
- The Providence Grays at Baseball Reference