Grand Duchy of Frankfurt

Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
Großherzogtum Frankfurt (de) Grand-duché de Francfort (fr)
Client state of the French Empire
1810–1813
Flag Coat of arms
The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt in 1812.
Capital		Aschaffenburg
Government		Absolute monarchy
Grand Duke
•	1810–1813	Karl von Dalberg
•	1813	Eugène de Beauharnais
Historical era		Napoleonic Wars
•	Established	16 February 1810
•	Disestablished	December 1813
Area
•	1810	5,173 km² (1,997 sq mi)
Population
•	1810 est.	302,100
Density		58.4 /km²  (151.3 /sq mi)
Preceded by Succeeded by Free City of Frankfurt Principality of Aschaffenburg Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda County of Hanau County of Wetzlar Free City of Frankfurt Kingdom of Bavaria Grand Duchy of Hesse Electorate of Hesse Kingdom of Prussia Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite state of Napoleonic creation. It came into existence in 1810 through the combination of the former territories of the Archbishopric of Mainz along with the Free City of Frankfurt itself.

History

Battle of the Frankfurt Bridge between Austrian/Bavarian and French troops, 1813. Gouache by an unknown artist, Historical Museum, Frankfurt.

Frankfurt lost its status as a free imperial city in 1806 with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The city was granted to the previous Archbishop of Mainz, Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg, and became the Principality of Frankfurt. When Dalberg was forced to relinquish his Principality of Regensburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, he combined his remaining territories of Aschaffenburg, Wetzlar, Fulda, Hanau, and Frankfurt into the new Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.

Although the grand duchy was named after the city of Frankfurt, Dalberg resided in the city of Aschaffenburg. However, the territory was actually ruled by French commissioners. By the constitution of the grand duchy, upon Dalberg's death, the state would be inherited by Napoleon's stepson, Eugène de Beauharnais.

Dalberg abdicated in favour of Eugene on 26 October 1813, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig. The grand duchy ceased to exist after December 1813, when the city was occupied by allied troops. While Frankfurt itself once again became a free city, most of the territory of the grand duchy was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Bavaria.

Client states of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815)
Sister republics	Germany Cisrhenia Mainz Greece Septinsular Ireland Connacht Italy Alba Ancona Bergamo Bologna Brescia Cisalpinia Cispadania Crema Italy Liguria Lucca Parthenopea Piedmont Rome Subalpinia Tiberinia Transpadania Netherlands Batavia Bouillon Liège Poland Danzig Switzerland Helvetia Lemania Rauracia Rhodania Swiss Confederation	Europe at the height of Napoleon's Empire
Napoleonic creations	Germany Aschaffenburg Confederation of the Rhine Baden Bavaria Berg Erfurt Frankfurt Hesse Leyen Regensburg Salm Salm-Horstmar Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck Saxony Westphalia Wetzlar Württemberg Würzburg Italy Benevento Etruria Guastalla Italy Lucca and Piombino Massa and Carrara Naples Pontecorvo Tuscany Malta Gozo Netherlands Holland Poland Warsaw Spain Spain

States of the Confederation of the Rhine (1806–13)
Rank elevated by Napoleon	Kingdoms Bavaria Saxony Württemberg Grand Duchies Baden Hesse Duchies Nassau
States created	Kingdoms Westphalia Grand Duchies Berg Frankfurt1 Würzburg Principalities Aschaffenburg2 Leyen Regensburg2
Pre-existing states	Saxon duchies Coburg-Saalfeld Gotha-Altenburg Hildburghausen Meiningen Weimar3 Eisenach3 Weimar-Eisenach4 Other duchies Anhalt (Bernburg Dessau Köthen) Arenberg Mecklenburg-Schwerin Mecklenburg-Strelitz Oldenburg Principalities Hohenzollern Hechingen Sigmaringen Isenburg Liechtenstein Lippe-Detmold Reuss Ebersdorf Greiz Lobenstein Schleiz Salm5 Schaumburg-Lippe Schwarzburg Rudolstadt Sondershausen Waldeck
1 from 1810 2 until 1810 3 until 1809 4 from 1809 5 until 1811