Pierre Hadot

Pierre Hadot
Born	February 21, 1922 Reims, France
Died	April 24, 2010 Orsay, France
Era	Contemporary philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy Philosophy of life[1]
Main interests	History of ancient Greek philosophy, history of Neoplatonism
Notable ideas	The conception of ancient Greek philosophy as a bios (βίος) or way of life (manière de vivre)[2]
Influences Marcus Aurelius, Henri Bergson,[3] Jacques Maritain,[4] Cardinal Newman,[4] Ludwig Wittgenstein
Influenced Arnold Davidson, Michel Foucault, Wayne Hankey

Pierre Hadot (French: [ado]; February 21, 1922 – April 24, 2010) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy specializing in ancient philosophy, particularly Neoplatonism.

Life

In 1944, Hadot was ordained, but following Pope Pius XII’s encyclical Humani generis (1950) left the priesthood. He studied at the Sorbonne between 1946–1947.^[3] In 1961, he graduated from the École Pratique des Hautes Études,^[3] where he would become the Director of Studies from 1964 to 1986. He was eventually named professor at the Collège de France in 1982, where he held the Chair of History in Hellenistic and Roman Thought (chaire d'histoire de la pensée hellénistique et romaine). In 1991, he retired from this position to become professeur honoraire at the Collège; his last lecture was on May 22 of the same year. He concluded the class saying, "In the last analysis, we can scarcely talk about what is most important."^[5]

He was married to the historian of philosophy, Ilsetraut Hadot.

Thought

Hadot was one of the first authors to introduce Ludwig Wittgenstein's thought into France. Hadot suggested that one cannot separate the form of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations from their content.^[6] Wittgenstein had claimed that philosophy was an illness of language and Hadot notes that the cure required a particular type of literary genre.^[6]

Hadot is also famous for his analysis on the conception of philosophy during Greco-Roman antiquity. Hadot identified and analyzed the "spiritual exercises" used in ancient philosophy (influencing Michel Foucault’s interest in such practices in the second and third volumes of his History of Sexuality). By "spiritual exercises" Hadot means "practices ... intended to effect a modification and a transformation in the subjects who practice them.^[7] The philosophy teacher's discourse could be presented in such a way that the disciple, as auditor, reader, or interlocutor, could make spiritual progress and transform himself within."^[8] Hadot shows that the key to understanding the original philosophical impulse is to be found in Socrates. What characterizes Socratic therapy above all is the importance given to living contact between human beings.

Hadot's recurring theme is that philosophy in Antiquity was characterized by a series of spiritual exercises intended to transform the perception, and therefore the being, of those who practice it; that philosophy is best pursued in real conversation and not through written texts and lectures; and that philosophy, as it is taught in universities today, is for the most part a distortion of its original, therapeutic impulse. He brings these concerns together in What Is Ancient Philosophy?,^[8] which has been critically reviewed.^[9]

Publications

(Only translations into English are included in this list).

• with P. Henry, Marius Victorinus, Traités théologiques sur la Trinité, Cerf 1960 (Sources Chrétiennes nos. 68 & 69).
• Porphyre et Victorinus. Paris, Institut d'Etudes augustiniennes, 1968. (Collection des études augustiniennes. Série antiquité ; 32–33).
• Marius Victorinus: recherches sur sa vie et ses oeuvres, 1971. (Collection des études augustiniennes. Série antiquité ; 44).
• Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique. Paris, Etudes augustiniennes, 1981. (Collection des études augustiniennes. Série antiquité ; 88). ISBN 2-85121-039-4.
  • Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, edited with an Introduction by Arnold I. Davidson, translated by Michael Chase, Oxford/Cambridge, Mass., Basil Blackwell, 1995, Oxford, Blackwell's, 1995. ISBN 0-631-18032-X.
• La citadelle intérieure. Introduction aux Pensées de Marc Aurèle. Paris, Fayard, 1992. ISBN 2-213-02984-9.
  • The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Mass. /London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-674-46171-1
• Qu'est-ce que la philosophie antique? Paris, Gallimard, 1995. (Folio essais ; 280). ISBN 2-07-032760-4.
  • What is Ancient Philosophy?, translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Mass. /London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-674-01373-5
• Plotin ou la simplicité du regard ; 4e éd. Paris, Gallimard, 1997. (Folio esais ; 302). ISBN 2-07-032965-8.
  • Plotinus or the Simplicity of Vision, translated by Michael Chase, with an Introduction by Arnold A. Davidson, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0226311944
• Etudes de philosophie ancienne. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1998. (L'âne d'or ; 8). ISBN 2-251-42007-X (recueil d'articles).
• Marc Aurèle. Ecrits pour lui même, texte établi et traduit par Pierre Hadot, avec la collaboration de Concetta Luna. vol. 1 (general introduction and Book 1). Paris, Collection Budé, 1998. ISBN 2-251-00472-6.
• Plotin, Porphyre: Études néoplatoniciennes. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1999. (L'âne d'or ; 10). ISBN 2-251-42010-X (recueil d'articles).
• La philosophie comme manière de vivre. Paris, Albin Michel, 2002. (Itinéraires du savoir). ISBN 2-226-12261-3.
  • The Present Alone is Our Happiness: Conversations with Jeannie Carlier and Arnold I. Davidson, 2nd ed. Translated by Marc Djaballah and Michael Chase, Stanford / Stanford University Press, 2011 (Cultural Memory in the Present). ISBN 978-0804775434
• Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique, nouvelle éd. Paris, Albin Michel, 2002. (Bibliothèque de l'évolution de l'humanité). ISBN 2-226-13485-9.
• Le voile d'Isis: Essai sur l'histoire de l'idée de nature. Paris, Gallimard, 2004. (NRF essais). ISBN 2-07-073088-3.
  • The Veil of Isis: An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature. , translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Mass. /London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-674-02316-1
• Wittgenstein et les limites du langage. Paris, J. Vrin, 2004. (Bibliothèque d'histoire de la philosophie). ISBN 2-7116-1704-1.
• Apprendre à philosopher dans l'antiquité. L'enseignement du Manuel d'Epictète et son commentaire néoplatonicien (with Ilsetraut Hadot). Paris, LGF, 2004. (Le livre de poche ; 603). ISBN 2-253-10935-5.

Notes

Further reading

• J. Scheid, "Pierre Hadot (1922–2010), chaire de pensée hellénistique et romaine, 1982–1991", La lettre du Collège de France no. 30 December 2010, 43–45
• G. Catapano, "Pierre Hadot (1922-2010)", Adamantius XVII (2011), 348–352
• M. Chase, S.R.L. Clark, M. McGhee, eds., (2013). Philosophy as a way of life: ancients and moderns. Essays in honor of Pierre Hadot Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-6161-9.

External links

• Quotations related to Pierre Hadot at Wikiquote
• Pierre Hadot (1922-2010) by Matthew Sharpe in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Review of What is Ancient Philosophy? by Benjamin Balint from First Things
• Michael Chase, Remembering Pierre Hadot - Part I