Petrolia, California

Coordinates: 40°19′31″N 124°17′13″W / 40.32528°N 124.28694°W / 40.32528; -124.28694

Petrolia
Unincorporated community
Petrolia Show map of California Petrolia Show map of the US Location in California
Coordinates: 40°19′31″N 124°17′13″W / 40.32528°N 124.28694°W / 40.32528; -124.28694
Country	United States
State	California
County	Humboldt County
Elevation[1]	121 ft (37 m)
California Historical Landmark
Official name	California's First Drilled Oil Wells[2]
Reference no.	543

Petrolia (formerly, New Jerusalem and Petrolea) is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California,^[1] 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Cape Mendocino,^[3] at an elevation of 121 feet (37 m),^[1] within ZIP Code 95558,^[4] and area code 707. Petrolia was the site of the first oil well drilled in California.^[2]

Description

Petrolia has an estimated population of 300-500 people within a 15-mile radius. It is located in the Mattole Valley, part of the Lost Coast region, one of the largest wilderness areas and the longest stretch of undeveloped coastline in the continental United States.^[5] Petrolia's isolation is due to its position on the rocky, treacherous coastline adjacent to the King Range mountains that isolate this area from mainland California and continue to leave the area almost completely undeveloped.

A travel magazine has called this area "too lovely to be believed, perhaps too beautiful to last."^[6][7] It has been recognized as the top "still wild" place in California.^[8] The area is the only significant stretch of California without a shoreline highway, and so far has "thus escaped tourism's aggressive paws."^[9]

The 35 miles (56 km) of steep roadways beneath the towering King Range Mountains include coastal redwoods, rocky shorelines, and black sand beaches, as well as a menagerie of fauna, including black bears, mink, black-tailed deer, river otter, peregrine falcons, California quail, bobcat and porcupine, reptiles such as rattlesnakes, western fence lizards and alligator lizards, various amphibians and bald eagles.^[9]

Petrolia has been described as "a river valley town with Norman Rockwell flavor."^[9][10] Petrolia is 5 miles (8.0 km) from the Pacific Ocean, the 25-mile (40 km) section of beach protected by the King Range National Conservation Area and Sinkyone Wilderness State Park, and the Punta Gorda Light. The Mattole River is home to a variety of California wildlife, including river otters, Roosevelt elk, black-tailed deer, steelhead trout, more than 250 bird species, and an threatened salmon that was the subject of a book about the community's attempts over two decades to preserve the Mattole salmon.^[11] It is one of the few remaining areas with virgin old-growth stands of Douglas fir.

Geography and climate

Overlooking Petrolia

Petrolia is located near the Mendocino Triple Junction, where three fault lines meet, and experiences frequent earthquake activity. The last large earthquake to affect the area was a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in 1992, which resulted in a fire that destroyed the Petrolia General Store.^[12][13] The store was rebuilt in a more modern architectural style than the 100-year-old landmark that it replaced. Two remaining landmarks in Petrolia are a small wooden church and the Petrolia Pioneer Cemetery, which has the graves of original residents of Petrolia dating from November 1857.^[14]

On the evening of March 9, 2014 a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck approximately 50 miles to the west. It was widely felt, yet caused little to no damage, nor generate a tsunami. The lack of any significant damage or land deformation was attributed to the shallow strike-slip fault movement in deep (3000m) water.^[15] In 2010 two other large quakes had hit the area, a 6.5 on January 9 and a 5.9 on February 3; neither caused any deaths, but the January quake was reported to have caused $40 million in damage throughout the area.^[16]

The weather in Petrolia is temperate and has the Mediterranean climate of much of northern California. The town is located in a banana belt that is sheltered from the fog that reaches Eureka and some of the northern towns, such as Arcata and McKinleyville. As a result, the summers are dry and sunny, typically around 70 °F (21 °C) with temperatures occasionally reaching as high as 90 °F (32 °C). Winters are rainy from November through April, with temperatures typically around 50 °F (10 °C) and occasionally falling to the high 30 °F (−1 °C)'s or low 40 °F (4 °C)'s at night.^[17] Honeydew, which is located only 14 miles (23 km) south of Petrolia, has a less temperate climate and its summers and winters are more extreme, with one of the highest amounts of winter rainfall.^[18]

There are only two roads that lead into Petrolia, one from the north from Ferndale, California and one from the south from Honeydew, California, leading through scenic redwood forests that were the site for the filming of Jurassic Park and After Earth. Both roads are winding, steep, and sometimes unpaved, passing large tracts of scenic overlooks and wilderness areas. They are popular routes for visitors, especially mountain bikers and motorcyclists, and have been described as leading to "an almost comically steep drop to the sea".^[19] The road from Petrolia to Ferndale follows the ocean and has unbroken vistas of rocky ocean coastline and beach.^[19] Petrolia is surrounded by large tracts of original homestead ranches and farms.

The Mattole area is popular with visitors, particularly the Lost Coast beaches, which feature tide pools, pristine beaches and relatively deserted hiking trails. At certain times of year, migrating gray whales can be seen from shore, as well as colonies of harbor seals and sea lions. Local residents use the Mattole River for swimming, rafting, canoeing, kayaking and catch and release fly fishing. The South Cape Mendocino State Marine Reserve and Sugarloaf Mountain are immediately offshore and are closed to public access.^[20][21]

History

The area was originally settled by the Mattole or Pacific Coast Athapaskan Indians,^[22] who arrived at the Pacific Coast late in the first millennium from what is now Canada.

With the appearance of Western settlers in 1849, including gold rush settlers and miners, the Mattole culture quickly died out.^[23][24] The last remaining descendants of the Mattole live today in Bear River on the Rohnerville Rancheria, but there are no remaining native speakers of the Mattole language.^[23] There are estimated to be more than 80 archeological sites of significance in the Lost Coast area.

California Historical Landmark #543, California's first drilled oil wells

The white settlers originally called the place New Jerusalem; when the first oil was pumped in 1865, it was renamed Petrolia.^[3] It was the site of the first oil well drilled in California.^[2] The oil was very fine and ultimately dried up; the site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #543.^[2]

The Mattole post office opened in 1863, changed its name to Petrolea in 1865, and to Petrolia later in 1865.^[3]

Facilities

Petrolia has a small downtown area with a local general store with delicatessen, groceries and rental movies. It has a post office, a single pump gas station and volunteer fire department. The original bell cast in 1871 for the Mattole School is now at the Mattole Elementary School.

There are two community centers, the Mattole Valley Community Center, originally a structure from 1862 located near the downtown, that hosts community cabaret and gatherings, and the Mattole Grange, an indoor and outdoor gathering area approximately five miles south of Petrolia that hosts a monthly pancake breakfast and farmers' market. There are community gardens, various community clubs, and a medical clinic.

Local businesses include a restaurant, a bed and breakfast,^[25] a gourmet coffee company that imports and roasts coffee in a converted barn on a hillside overlooking the ocean,^[26] an organic vineyard and winery that fertilizes with organic dairy manure from Ferndale, California,^[27] and an organic pick-it-yourself blueberry farm.^[28][29]

A few miles outside town at the former Walker ranch is a 400 feet (120 m) by 20 feet (6.1 m) underground steel and concrete vault, built by the Church of Spiritual Technology to hold "the wisdom of the ages."^[30][31] The Church owns over 3,600 acres (1,500 ha; 5.6 sq mi) of land and the facility also includes a large caretaker's house and a guard house.^[30][32] The vault is one of several across the U.S. and is similar to Trementina Base.^[30] Prior to construction of this vault, on June 12, 1986, the oldest house in the Petrolia area was deliberately burned by the Church of Spiritual Technology to clear the way for their construction,^[33] and symbols were cut in the ground above the vault to mark its location.^[34]

Inhabitants

A number of writers and artists have made their home in Petrolia, including Alexander Cockburn, a left-wing journalist and founder of CounterPunch, Dale Maharidge, a journalist and winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Freeman House, an environmental author, Peter Hannaford, an author and political public relations specialist, Jim Danisch, a potter and sculptor, and Jenny Scheinman, renowned violinist.

Petrolia has a large population of environmental activists and hosts two environmental organizations, the Mattole Salmon Group ^[35] and the Mattole Restoration Council,^[36] both dedicated to preserving the local wildlife and environment.

Culture

The Mattole Valley Historical Society holds quarterly meetings in Petrolia and conducts community walking tours, slideshows and talks about the history of the area and its founders.^[37]

Community events including all ages sporting events, town wide talent shows, pancake breakfasts, and community meet-ups. In July of each year, the area hosts a music festival called "Roll on the Mattole",^[38] at the Mattole Grange, sponsored by the Honeydew Firefighters. Twice a year, barbecues at the Mattole Grange attract families from all over the area.^[39] The July 4th annual barbecue features an enormous barbecue pit of local beef and baked beans cooked in a vintage pot so large that they must be stirred with a canoe paddle.^[39] There are horse races in September, cycling tours in May–September,^[40] including a cycling/hiking tour of the Redwoods ^[41] and the Tour of the Unknown Coast.^[42] A race called the "Rye and Tide" combines bicycling and running from downtown Petrolia along Lighthouse Road 7 miles (11 km) to the ocean.^[43] Besides the one restaurant located in town, the closest other amenities, are located in Ferndale, approximately 33 miles (53 km), a trip of over an hour by car.

Politics

The area is liberal in political culture.^[44] Because of its isolation, the Mattole Valley has cultivated a reputation for independence and self-sustenance, including a network of local resources, the maintenance of its own emergency help line (an alternative to 9-1-1), and even its own currency, the petol. A survey conducted in recent years determined that half of the community is located "off the grid" and relies on solar or alternative forms of power, or none at all. The George Lindley Bridge in Petrolia was named after a county supervisor of the 1950s who was a longtime foreman of the county road crew in the Mattole. Mr. Lindley was a big believer in local government, and his favorite expression was reputed to be "Mattole Against the World!"

In the state legislature, Petrolia is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire,^[45] and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood.^[46]

Federally, Petrolia is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.^[47]

See also

• California portal

References

External links

• Lost Coast Wilderness Area
• Lost Coast Trail
• Humboldt Music Calendar
• Mattole Wildlands Defense Blog
• McHugh, Paul, Way off the beaton track / Lost Coast road offers rugged fun, SF Gate, 27 June 2002, accessdate 15 January 2013.
• Barnes, Amy, John McAbery carves out a life on the Lost Coast, SF Gate, 8 April 2012, accessdate 15 January 2013.

Municipalities and communities of Humboldt County, California, United States
County seat: Eureka
Cities	Arcata Blue Lake Eureka Ferndale Fortuna Rio Dell Trinidad
CDPs	Alderpoint Bayview Benbow Big Lagoon Cutten Fieldbrook Fields Landing Garberville Humboldt Hill Hydesville Indianola Loleta McKinleyville Manila Miranda Myers Flat Myrtletown Orick Phillipsville Pine Hills Redcrest Redway Samoa Scotia Shelter Cove Weott Westhaven-Moonstone Willow Creek
Unincorporated communities	Alton Bayside Blocksburg Briceland Bridgeville Carlotta Cooks Valley Dinsmore Elk River Englewood Fairhaven Fernbridge Fort Seward Freshwater Freshwater Corners Fruitland Glendale Holmes Honeydew Hoopa Johnsons King Salmon Kneeland Korbel Maple Creek Moonstone Orleans Patricks Point Pepperwood Petrolia Pine Hill Port Kenyon Ridgewood Heights Riverside Park Rohnerville Rosewood Shively Stafford Sunny Brae Weitchpec Westhaven Whitethorn
Indian reservations	Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria Big Lagoon Rancheria Blue Lake Rancheria Hupa Wiyot Tribe Yurok Indian Reservation
Ghost towns	Acorn Albeeville Apyu Aranimokw Arekw Atsepar Bald Hills Blaine Bracut Brainard Brock Creek Bryan Bryant Bucksport Calville Camp 4 Flat Camp 19 Camp Grant Centerville Chinits Cleveland Crannell Daby's Ferry Dark Canyon Dinty Dyer Place Dyerville Eddyville Elinor Elk Grove Elk Prairie Erner Ertlerger Eshpeu Frank Fruitland Fort Baker Gans Hadley Hartsook Honsading Humboldt City Iaqua Kokaman Kworatem Lippitt Lockharts Lone Star Loolego Luffenholtz Mandala Martins Ferry McDuff Meridian Metropolitan Mountain View Mower Myrtle Grove Northern Redwood Camp Oketo Opegoi Ore'q Panamenik Pardee's Ranch Pasara Pekwan Pekwuteu Robinson's Ferry Scribner Shanamkarak Showers Pass Shregegon Shumig Skelly Smith Tanoak Three Cabins Tsofkara Tsurau West Humboldt Wilder