Penza Oblast
| Penza Oblast Пензенская область (Russian) | |||
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| — Oblast — | |||
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| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | Volga[2] | ||
| Economic region | Volga[3] | ||
| Established | February 4, 1939[4] | ||
| Administrative center | Penza | ||
| Government (as of December 2014) | |||
| • Governor[5] | Ivan Belozertsev[6] | ||
| • Legislature | Legislative Assembly[5] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[7] | |||
| • Total | 43,200 km2 (16,700 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 59th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[8] | |||
| • Total | 1,386,186 | ||
| • Rank | 32nd | ||
| • Density[9] | 32.09/km2 (83.1/sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 67.1% | ||
| • Rural | 32.9% | ||
| Population (January 2015 est.) | |||
| • Total | 1,355,618[10] | ||
| Time zone(s) | MSK (UTC+03:00)[11] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-PNZ | ||
| License plates | 58 | ||
| Official languages | Russian[12] | ||
| Official website | |||
Penza Oblast (Russian: Пе́нзенская о́бласть, Penzenskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,386,186.[8]
Geography
Main rivers
Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. The biggest rivers are:
- Sura;
- Moksha;
- Khopyor.
- Penza River gave its name to the city of Penza.
Fauna
There are 316 species of vertebrates within the region, including:
- about 10 species of amphibians;
- about 200 species of birds;
- about 8 species of reptiles;
- about 68 species of mammals (fox, rabbit, ferret, badger, squirrel).
Seven existing species of mammals were already acclimatized on land: the American mink, muskrat, raccoon dog, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, red deer and Sika deer. In parallel, work has been carried out to reintroduce the Forest-steppe marmot, the Eurasian beaver and the Russian desman (a species of mole that resembles a muskrat).
In the waters of Penza Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish. The largest body of water - the Sursko reservoir - is home to around 30 species. Commercial species include bream, silver bream, pikeperch, ide, and catfish. In the rivers and smalls pond dwell roach, perch, carp, and pike. The most valuable fish to be found in the natural waters is the sterlet.
Climate
| Climate data for Penza (1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
5.0 (41) |
17.0 (62.6) |
30.0 (86) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.8 (100) |
37.2 (99) |
32.5 (90.5) |
25.0 (77) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
8.9 (48) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
9.7 (49.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−10.0 (14) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
13.9 (57) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13.9 (7) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −39.0 (−38.2) |
−40.0 (−40) |
−31.1 (−24) |
−20.0 (−4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.2 (28) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−6.1 (21) |
−17.2 (1) |
−31.1 (−24) |
−40.0 (−40) |
−40.0 (−40) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.61) |
29 (1.14) |
32 (1.26) |
36 (1.42) |
41 (1.61) |
62 (2.44) |
67 (2.64) |
56 (2.2) |
53 (2.09) |
49 (1.93) |
52 (2.05) |
45 (1.77) |
563 (22.17) |
| Source: Гидрометцентр, Погода и Климат | |||||||||||||
History
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress on the border of the Wild Fields, although evidence of the presence of more ancient settlements has been found in the modern city.
Penza Province was established within Kazan Governorate in 1718. It became a separate Penza Governorate on September 15, 1780, which existed until March 5, 1797, when it was dissolved and merged into Saratov Governorate. Penza Governorate was re-established on September 9, 1801 and existed until 1928. Between 1928 and 1937, the territory of the former governorate underwent a number of administrative transformations, ending up as a part of Tambov Oblast in 1937. On February 4, 1939, modern Penza Oblast was established[4] by splitting it out of Tambov Oblast. In March 1939, the Penza Oblast Committee of the CPSU was formed, the first secretary of the committee being Alexander Kabanov.
Administrative divisions
Economy
Penza Oblast is part of the Volga economic region. The oblast is one of Russia's leading producers of wheat, rye, oats, millet, buckwheat, cereal and forage crops, vegetables, potatoes, mustard, and meat.[13]
Politics
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared among three persons: The first secretary of the Penza CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Penza Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Demographics
Population: 1,386,186 (2010 Census);[8] 1,452,941 (2002 Census);[16] 1,504,309 (1989 Census).[17]
- Vital statistics for 2012
2009 - 1.38 | 2010 - 1.37 | 2011 - 1.36 | 2012 - 1.48 | 2013 - 1.49 | 2014 - 1.53 | 2015 - 1.54(e)
Ethnic composition (2010):[8]
- Russians: 86.8%
- Tatars: 6.4%
- Mordvins: 4.1%
- Ukrainians: 0.7%
- Chuvash people: 0.4%
- Armenians: 0.3%
- Others ethnicities: 1.3%
- Additionally, 43,283 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[20]
- Births: 7,962 (Jan-July 2008)
- Deaths: 13,608 (Jan-July 2008)[21]
Religion
According to a 2012 official survey,[14] 62.9% of the population of Penza Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, and 7% are Muslims. In addition, 15% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 9% is atheist, and 3.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[14]
Culture and recreation
Tourism
Notable people
- Aristarkh Lentulov (1882-1943) - Russian avant-garde artist of Cubist orientation who also worked on set designs for the theatre.
- Yevgeny Rodionov (1977–1996) - a Russian soldier who was murdered in Chechen captivity for his refusal to convert to Islam and defect to the enemy side.
- Victor Skumin[22] (1948 - ) - Russian scientist first describes "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome",[23] later known as Skumin syndrome,[24] a form of anxiety suffered by recipients of artificial heart valves.
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ Law #828-ZPO
- ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- 1 2 USSR. Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Union Republics, p. 202
- 1 2 Charter of Penza Oblast, Article 7
- ↑ Official website of Penza Oblast. Ivan Alexandrovich Belozertsev, Governor of Penza Oblast (Russian)
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- 1 2 3 4 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ Penza Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Пензенской области на 1.01.2015 (Russian)
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ↑ Russia Profile org: information from the official Penza Oblast website at www.penza.ru
- 1 2 3 Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
- ↑ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm
- ↑ http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
- ↑ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ↑ Официальный портал Правительства Пензенской области - О регионе - Население [Official portal of the Government of Penza oblast - About the region - Population]. penza.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on May 26, 2008.
- ↑ "Professor Victor A. Skumin, D.M.Sci." (in Russian). 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ↑ Bendet, Ia. A.; Morozov, S. M.; Skumin, V. A. (1980). Психологические аспекты реабилитации больных после хирургического лечения пороков сердца [Psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of patients after the surgical treatment of heart defects]. Kardiologiia (in Russian). 20 (6): 45–51. PMID 7392405.
- ↑ "Skumin syndrome". Genex (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Пензенской области. Закон №828-ЗПО от 28 июня 2005 г. «О гимне Пензенской области», в ред. Закона №1507-ЗПО от 2 апреля 2008 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Пензенской области в связи с принятием Закона Пензенской области "Кодекс Пензенской области об административных правонарушениях"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования (26 июля 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Пензенские губернские ведомости", №16, с. 108, 15 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast. Law #828-ZPO of June 28, 2005 On the Anthem of Penza Oblast, as amended by the Law #1507-ZPO of April 2, 2008 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Penza Oblast Due to the Adoption of the Law of Penza Oblast "Administrative Infractions Code of Penza Oblast". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication (July 26, 2005).).
- Законодательное Собрание Пензенской области. 10 сентября 1996 г. «Устав Пензенской области», в ред. Закона №2824-ЗПО от 1 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 39 Устава Пензенской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (13 сентября 1996 г.). Опубликован: "Пензенские вести", №133–134, 13 сентября 1996 г. (Legislative Assembly of Penza Oblast. September 10, 1996 Charter of Penza Oblast, as amended by the Law #2824-ZPO of December 1, 2015 On Amending Article 39 of the Charter of Penza Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication (September 13, 1996).).
- Дударев, В. А.; Евсеева, Н. А. (1987). И. Каманина, ed. СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик (in Russian). Moscow.
External links
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