Social Democrats (Slovenia)

Social Democrats
Socialni demokrati
Leader Dejan Židan (pro tempore)
Founded 29 May 1993 (ZLSD)
Headquarters Ljubljana
Youth wing Mladi forum Socialnih demokratov (Youth Forum of Social Democrats)
Membership  (2013) 12,109[1]
Ideology Social democracy[2][3]
Political position Centre-left[4][5]
European affiliation Party of European Socialists
International affiliation Progressive Alliance
European Parliament group Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Colours Red
National Assembly
6 / 90
European Parliament
1 / 8
Website
http://www.socialnidemokrati.si

The Social Democrats (Slovene: Socialni demokrati, Slovene abbreviation: SD) is a centre-left political party in Slovenia, currently led by Igor Lukšič. From 1993 until 2005, the party was known as the United List of Social Democrats (Slovene: Združena lista socialnih demokratov, Slovene abbreviation: ZLSD, pronounced [zələsəˈdə́]).[6] Since 18 September 2014, the Social Democrats have been a coalition partner in the Cerar government.

History

Origins

The origins of the modern-day party date from the end of 1989, when the League of Communists of Slovenia decided to renounce the absolute monopoly over political, social and economic life in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, and agreed to introduce a system of political pluralism. On 23 January 1990, the Slovenian Communists left the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and on 4 February 1990 renamed themselves to Party of Democratic Renewal (Stranka demokratične prenove, SDP). Former prominent Communist politician Ciril Ribičič was elected as the party's new president. The party lost against the Democratic Opposition of Slovenia (DEMOS) centre-right coalition at the first democratic elections in Slovenia in April 1990, gaining 17.3% of the popular vote. They nevertheless became the single largest party in Slovenia.

Between 1990 and 1992, the party remained in opposition against the centre-right coalition government of Lojze Peterle. After the fall of Peterle's cabinet in 1992, the party entered the first coalition government of Janez Drnovšek, formed by the left wing of the dissolved DEMOS coalition (the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia, the Democratic Party of Slovenia and the Greens of Slovenia). The same year, the party was renamed to Social Democratic Renewal (Socialdemokratska prenova), maintaining the same acronym, SDP.

Constitution of the United List

Prior to the 1992 general election intensive discussions were held and agreements reached between left-oriented political parties and groups on an electoral coalition. Thus just prior the parliamentary election of 1992, an agreement was reached between the Social Democratic Renewal (SDP) and three smaller extra-parliamentary cenre-left and left-wing parties (the Social Democratic Union, the Workers' Party of Slovenia and the Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia) to form an electoral coalition under the name United List. The newly formed coalition gained 13.6% of the popular vote, thus becoming the third political force in the country, after Liberal Democracy of Slovenia and the Slovene Christian Democrats. These three largest parties decided to form a government coalition, which soon became popularly known as the "grand coalition" (velika koalicija), under the leadership of Liberal Democrat Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek. Until March 1994, the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia also participated in this government coalition.

On 29 May 1993, a congress was held in Ljubljana at which the constitutive members of the United List decided to form a unified party. The new party was named the United List of Social Democrats and Janez Kocijančič was elected as its president. The party remained in government until January 1996, when it left the ruling coalition in disagreement over the government's social welfare policies. Furthermore, several prominent members exited the party and re-established Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia. In the general elections of 1996, the United List of Social Democrats suffered a substantial loss support, gaining only around 9% of the popular vote.

The Pahor era

In the period between 1996 and 2000, the party remained in opposition. On the third National Congress of the United List of Social Democrats in 1997 a new party president, Borut Pahor, was elected. A gradual evolution towards more moderate positions started. In the election of 2000, the party rose to 12% of the vote and entered the centre-left coalition government led by Janez Drnovšek, while the party's president Borut Pahor was elected chairman of the Slovenian National Assembly. In the general elections of 2004, the party gained around 10.2% of the vote and went into opposition against the centre-right government dominated by the Slovenian Democratic Party.

In the fifth party Congress held in 2005 in Ljubljana, the decision was taken to shorten the party name to Social Democrats. Borut Pahor was confirmed as the party president, strengthening his positions against internal opposition from the left wing of the party.[7] In the programmatic congress held in Nova Gorica in July 2006, the party clearly distanciated itself against its communist past, while its president publicly condemned the Communist dictatorship in Slovenia and Yugoslavia established after World War II.[8]

After the internal crisis in the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia (LDS) following the loss of election in 2004, which resulted in the split of the party, the Social Democrats emerged as the main centre-left opposition force against the centre-right government led by Janez Janša. In 2007, several prominent members of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia, including former Prime Minister Anton Rop, left their party and joined the Social Democrats. Following these developments, the Social Democrats became the second largest parliamentary party in Slovenia, after the Slovenian Democratic Party.

In 2008, the Social Democrats signed a coalition agreement with the extra-parliamentary Christian Socialists of Slovenia, and decided to set up a common election list on the coming elections.

In September 2008, Social Democrats won the parliamentary election with 30.45%. The ruling Slovenian Democratic Party finished second with 29.26%. Social Democrats formed a new Slovenian government in coalition with Zares, DeSUS and LDS. They won 29 seats in the 90-member National Assembly, one of which was won by Andrej Magajna, the president of the Christian Socialists of Slovenia. In October 2010, Andrej Magajna left the deputy group of Social Democrats due to differences of opinion with the rest of the group. He especially criticised the party leader Borut Pahor and the Minister of Economic Development Mitja Gaspari, claiming that he had been threatened with "removal" for not having supported the new act on the public broadcaster RTV Slovenija.[9] After Magajna's break with the party, the SD parliamentary group was left with 28 MPs.

SD won 10.5% of the vote at the early 2011 Slovenian parliamentary election on 4 December 2011, gaining 10 seats in the National Assembly.[10] SD were therefore in third place behind the SDS and new centre-left party Positive Slovenia (PS). SDS leader Janez Janša became Prime Minister for a second time on 10 February 2012 heading a centre-right coalition government.

The Lukšič era

In June 2012, Pahor unsuccessfully ran for re-election as president of the Social Democrats. He was defeated by Igor Lukšič by a narrow margin.[11]

However, on 20 March 2013 Janša's coalition was replaced by a new government headed by PS interim leader Alenka Bratušek, a comprising PS, the Social Democrats, Civic List and DeSUS.[12] Bratušek resigned as Prime Minister on 3 May 2014 seeking an early general election.[13]

After the party won only one MEP seat and 8.0% of the vote in 2014 European Parliament election,[14] Lukšič resigned as SD party president on 26 May.[15]

The party received 5.95% of the vote in the Slovenian parliamentary election on 13 July 2014, and won 6 seats in parliament.[16] On 18 September 2014, the Social Democrats joined the cabinet of Miro Cerar, also comprising Prime Minister Cerar's Modern Centre Party (SMC) and DeSUS.

Parliamentary representation

Electoral results

Parliament

Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
1990 186,928 17.3
14 / 80
 Increase 14 Increase 1st Opposition
1992 161,349 13.6
14 / 90
 Steady 0 Decrease 3rd Coalition
1996 96,597 9.0
9 / 90
 Decrease 5 Decrease 5th Coalition
2000 130,079 12.0
11 / 90
 Increase 2 Increase 3rd Coalition
2004 98,527 10.1
10 / 90
 Decrease 1 Steady 3rd Opposition
2008 320,248 30.4
29 / 90
 Increase 19 Increase 1st Coalition
2011 115,952 10.5
10 / 90
 Decrease 19 Decrease 3rd Opposition
2014 52,249 5.9
6 / 90
 Decrease 4 Decrease 4th Coalition

Presidential

Election year Candidate 1st round 2nd round
# of overall votes % of overall vote # of overall votes % of overall vote
2002 Lev Kreft 25,715 2.25
2007 Supported Danilo Türk 241,349 24.47 677,333 68.03
2012 Borut Pahor 325,406 39.93 474,309 67.44

International affiliations

The United List of Social Democrats became full member party of Socialist International at the organisation's 20th Congress in September 1996 in New York City. Since 16 May 2003, the Social Democrats have been a full member party of the Party of European Socialists (PES). SD party representatives were present at the foundation of the Progressive Alliance on 22 May 2013.[17] SD was expelled from Socialist International in December 2014.

Party leadership

Presidents

Vice presidents

Other prominent members

References

  1. ↑ "Planet Siol: SDS je z 30.000 člani gromozanska stranka proti ostalim. Virantovcev je le za "jurja".". Politikis (in Slovenian). Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  2. ↑ Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010), Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared, Ashgate, p. 26
  3. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Slovenia", Parties and Elections in Europe, retrieved 17 March 2012
  4. ↑ Connor, Richard (5 December 2011), Center-left wins power in Croatia, Slovenian poll delivers surprise, DW
  5. ↑ "Slovenia", Freedom in the World 2009, Freedom House, retrieved 17 March 2012
  6. ↑ "Slovenski pravopis 2001: ZLSD".
  7. ↑ "SURVEY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATS OF SLOVENIA". Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  8. ↑ "S Socialnimi demokrati v vrh sveta razvitosti". Delo.si. 2012-06-15. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  9. ↑ "Magajna: Grozili so mi z odstranitvijo" [Magajna:I was threatened with removal] (in Slovenian). Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  10. ↑ "Republic of Slovenia Early Elections for Deputies to the National Assembly 2011". National Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  11. ↑ "SD bo odslej vodil Lukšič". Delo. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  12. ↑ "Slovenia's incoming PM forms four-party coalition". PressTV. 2013-03-14. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  13. ↑ "International News | World News - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  14. ↑ "EU volitve 2014 / 18". Delo.si. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
  15. ↑ RTVSLO.si - http://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/igor-luksic-odstopil-kot-predsednik-sd-ja/337799
  16. ↑ Predčasne Volitve V Državni Zbor 2014 Republika Slovenija - Državna volilna komisija. Accessed 13 July 2014
  17. ↑ Archived June 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
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