Dakar Rally

"Paris-Dakar Rally" redirects here. For the video game, see Paris-Dakar Rally (video game).
Dakar Rally
Category Rally raid
Region Europe and Africa (1979–2007)
South America (2009–present)
Inaugural season 1979
Drivers' champion Australia Toby Price (Bikes)
Argentina Marcos Patronelli (ATV/Quads)
France Stéphane Peterhansel (Cars)
Netherlands Gerard de Rooy (Trucks)
Constructors' champion KTM (Bikes)
Yamaha (ATV/Quads)
Peugeot (Cars)
Iveco (Trucks)
Official website www.Dakar.com
Current season
Countries the rally has been through from 1979 to 2007 (orange countries were only travelled through in the 1992 race to Cape Town).
Countries through which the Dakar Rally has been from 2009 to 2014 since it was moved from the previous Paris-Dakar route due to security concerns. Cities included are major start/end points.
2011 Dakar Rally personal main prize (trucks T4)
Cars on display in 1993 in Paris
Toyota, 1993 in Paris
A support truck during the 2004 Dakar
Tracks through the desert

The Dakar Rally (or simply "The Dakar"; formerly known as the "Paris–Dakar Rally") is an annual rally raid organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation. Most events since the inception in 1978 were from Paris, France, to Dakar, Senegal, but due to security threats in Mauritania, which led to the cancellation of the 2008 rally, races since 2009 have been held in South America.[1][2][3] The race is open to amateur and professional entries, amateurs typically making up about eighty percent of the participants.

The race is an off-road endurance event. The terrain that the competitors traverse is much tougher than that used in conventional rallying, and the vehicles used are true off-road vehicles rather than modified on-road vehicles. Most of the competitive special sections are off-road, crossing dunes, mud, camel grass, rocks, and erg among others. The distances of each stage covered vary from short distances up to 800–900 kilometres (500–560 mi) per day.

History

The race originated in December 1978, a year after Thierry Sabine got lost in the Ténéré desert whilst competing in the Abidjan-Nice rally and decided that the desert would be a good location for a regular rally.[4] 182 vehicles took the start of the inaugural rally in Paris, with 74 surviving the 10,000-kilometre (6,200 mi) trip to the Senegalese capital of Dakar. Cyril Neveu holds the distinction of being the event's first winner, riding a Yamaha motorcycle. The event rapidly grew in popularity, with 216 vehicles taking the start in 1980 and 291 in 1981.[5] Neveu won the event for a second time in 1980, Hubert Auriol taking honours in 1981 for BMW. By this stage, the rally had already begun to attract the participation of famous names from elsewhere in motorsport, such as Henri Pescarolo and Jacky Ickx.

Now boasting 382 competitors, more than double the amount that took the start in 1979, Neveu won the event for a third time in 1982, this time riding a Honda motorcycle, while victory in the car class went to the Marreau brothers, driving a privately entered Renault 20, whose buccaneering exploits seemed to perfectly capture the spirit of the early years of the rally. Auriol captured his second bikes class victory in 1983, the first year that Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi competed in the rally, beginning an association that would last all the way until 2009.

At the behest of 1983 car class winner Jacky Ickx, Porsche entered the Dakar in 1984, with the total number of entries now at 427.[5] The German marque won the event at their first attempt courtesy of René Metge, who had previously won in the car category in 1981, whilst Ickx finished sixth. Gaston Rahier meanwhile continued BMW's success in the motorcycle category with back-to-back wins in 1984 and 1985, the year of Mitsubishi's first victory of 12 in the car category, Patrick Zaniroli taking the spoils. The 1986 event, won by Metge and Neveu, was marred by the death of event founder Sabine in a helicopter crash, his father Gilbert taking over organisation of the rally.

Peugeot-Citroën domination

The 1987 rally marked the start of an era of increased official factory participation in the car category, as French manufacturer Peugeot arrived and won the event with former World Rally champion Ari Vatanen. The 1987 event was also notable for a ferocious head-to-head duel between Neveu and Auriol in the motorcycle category, the former taking his fifth victory after Auriol was forced to drop out of the rally after breaking both ankles in a fall.[5] The 1988 event reached its zenith in terms of entry numbers, with 603 starters. Vatanen's title defence was derailed when his Peugeot was stolen from the service area at Bamako. Though it was later found, Vatanen was subsequently disqualified from the event, victory instead going to compatriot and teammate Juha Kankkunen.[5]

Peugeot and Vatanen returned to winning ways in 1989 and 1990, the latter marking Peugeot's final year of rally competition before switching to the World Sportscar Championship. Sister brand Citroën took Peugeot's place, Vatanen taking a third consecutive victory in 1991. The 1991 event also saw Stéphane Peterhansel take his first title in the motorcycle category with Yamaha, marking the beginning of an era of domination by the Frenchman.

For the 1992 event,the finish line moved to Cape Town, South Africa in a bid to combat a declining number of competitors, where GPS technology was used for the first time.[5] Auriol became the first person to win in multiple classes after taking Mitsubishi's second victory in the car class, while Peterhansel successfully defended his motorcycle category title. The 1993 rally entry list slumped to 153 competitors, around half of the preceding year's figure and around a quarter of that of 1988. The event was the last to be organised by Gilbert Sabine and the Amaury Sport Organisation took over the following year. With the finish line now back in its traditional location of Dakar, Bruno Saby won a third title for Mitsubishi and Peterhansel took a third straight success in the motorcycle category.

The 1994 event returned to Paris after reaching Dakar, resulting in a particularly grueling event. Pierre Lartigue took Citroën's second win in acrimonious circumstances, as Mitsubishi's leading drivers were forced to withdraw from exhaustion after traversing some particularly demanding sand dunes in the Mauritanian desert that the Citroen crews had opted to skip.[6] Peterhansel's did not compete due to a disagreement between Yamaha and the race organizers over the regulations. Edi Orioli claimed a third title in the bikes category.[5] The 1995 and 1996 events begin in the Spanish city of Granada, with Lartigue racking up wins for Citroen in both years. Peterhansel returned to take a fourth bikes category win in 1995, but lost to Orioli in 1996 because of refuelling problems.[5]

Mitsubishi in the ascendancy

The 1997 rally ran exclusively in Africa for the first time, with the route running from Dakar to Agadez, Niger and back to Dakar. Citroen's withdrawal due to a rule change paved the way for Mitsubishi to take a fourth victory. Japan's Kenjiro Shinozuka became the first non-European to win the event. Peterhansel equalled Neveu's record of five motorcycle category wins in 1997, before going one better in 1998, when the event returned to its traditional Paris-Dakar route. 1998, Dakar veteran Jean-Pierre Fontenay posted another win for Mitsubishi in the car class.

1999 started in Granada and a maiden success for erstwhile Formula One and sports car driver Jean-Louis Schlesser, who had been constructing his own buggies since 1992. With the help of Renault backing, Schlesser overcame the works Mitsubishi and Nissan crews to win, whilst Peterhansel's decision to switch to the car category allowed Richard Sainct to take BMW's first title in the bikes category since 1985. Schlesser and Sainct both successfully defended their titles in 2000, traversing the route from Dakar to the Egyptian capital of Cairo.

2001 was the final time that the rally used the familiar Paris-Dakar route, and was notable for Mitsubishi's Jutta Kleinschmidt, as she was the first woman to win the rally - albeit only after Schlesser was penalised one hour for unsportsmanlike conduct.[7] Fabrizio Meoni took the first Dakar win for Austrian manufacturer KTM, beginning a winning streak that has lasted until the present day. The 2002 began in the French town of Arras and long-time Dakar participant Hiroshi Masuoka won the event for Mitsubishi (Masouka had led for much of the previous year's rally.) The 2003 rally featured an unorthodox route from Marseille to Sharm El Sheikh. Masuoka defend his title after teammate and long-time leader Peterhansel was plagued by mechanical problems in the penultimate stage.[8] Sainct meanwhile took honours in the motorcycle category, the third title for both him and KTM.

The Dakar at its peak

The mid-2000s saw the Dakar Rally reach the height of its popularity. The entry list by 2004 increased to 595, up from 358 in 2001, with a record 688 competitors starting in 2005.[5] Alongside Mitsubishi and Nissan, Volkswagen now boasted a full factory effort, while Schlesser's Ford-powered buggies and BMWs of the German X-Raid team proved thorns in the side of the big budget works teams. The 2004 route was from Clermont-Ferrand to Dakar, and was the year Peterhansel emulated Hubert Auriol's feat of winning the rally on both two wheels and four. The Frenchman defended his title in 2005, when the rally began for the first time in Barcelona. In the bikes category, KTM continued their success with Nani Roma in 2004, who switched to the car category the following year, and Cyril Despres in 2005.

The 2006 event moved to Lisbon. Nissan pulled out having failed to provide effective opposition to Mitsubishi, who took a sixth consecutive victory, this time with former skiing champion Luc Alphand after Peterhansel committed a series of errors late in the rally.[9] Peterhansel made amends in 2007, however, taking his third title in the car category for Mitsubishi after a close contest with Alphand after the increasingly competitive Volkswagens retired with mechanical problems. In what would be the final African event of the Dakar, Despres took his second title in the bikes category, having conceded victory in 2006 to Marc Coma after suffering an injury.

The 2008 event, due to depart Lisbon as per the previous two years, was cancelled on January 4, 2008 amid fears of terrorist attacks in Mauritania, causing serious doubts over the future of the rally. Chile and Argentina offered to host subsequent events,[10][11] an offer later accepted by the ASO.[12] The ASO also decided to establish the Dakar Series competition, whose first event was the 2008 Central Europe Rally, located in Hungary and Romania, which acted as a replacement for the cancelled 2008 edition of the Dakar.

South America

The 2009 event, the first held in South America with a respectable entry of 501, saw Volkswagen finally take its first win in the Dakar as a works entrant courtesy of Giniel de Villiers. Teammate and former WRC champion Carlos Sainz had been leading comfortably until crashing out,[13] but seized the opportunity to win the event in 2010. After a poor showing in 2009, Mitsubishi withdrew from the competition and left Volkswagen as the sole works entrant. The German marque duly won the race for a third time in 2011, this time with Nasser Al-Attiyah, before they withdrew to focus on their upcoming WRC entry and leaving the Dakar with no factory participants in the car class. In the bikes, Despres and Coma stretched KTM's incredible unbroken run of success. Both tied on three victories apiece after Coma's third win in 2011.

In the 2012 rally, the X-Raid team came to the fore, now using Minis in lieu of BMWs. Peterhansel had joined the team in 2010 after Mitsubishi's departure, but had been unable to challenge the Volkswagen drivers. Following Volkswagen's withdrawal, Peterhansel was able to secure his fourth win in the car category and his tenth in total, his main opposition coming from within his own team. Peterhansel successfully defended his title in 2013 as the Damen Jefferies buggies of Sainz and Al-Attiyah failed to last the distance. Despres also racked up a further two wins for KTM in the bikes class in 2012 and 2013, bringing his tally to five, aided by Coma's absence due to injury in the latter year. Coma struck back on his return to the Dakar in 2014, taking a comfortable fourth title and a 13th in succession for KTM, whilst Nani Roma emulated Auriol and Peterhansel by taking his maiden title in the cars class a decade on from his victory on two wheels - albeit only after team orders by X-Raid slowed down Peterhansel.[14]

Peugeot returned for the 2015 event with an all-new, diesel-powered, two-wheel drive contender, but failed to make an impact as X-Raid's Minis once more dominated. Al-Attiyah won the event in his second year for the team, while Coma racked up a fifth title in the bikes after the defection of long-time rival Despres to the car class and Peugeot.

Vehicles and classes

The four major competitive groups in the Dakar are the motorcycles, quads, the cars class, (which range from buggies to small SUVs) and the trucks class. Many vehicle manufacturers exploit the harsh environment the rally offers as a testing ground and consequently to demonstrate the durability of their vehicles, although most vehicles are heavily modified or purpose built.

Motorbikes

As of 2011, the engine capacity limit for all motorbikes competing in the Dakar Rally is 450cc. Engines may be either single or twin cylinder. Riders are divided into two groups, "Elite" (Group 1) and Non-Elite (Group 2), with the latter subdivided into two further groups - the "Super Production" (Group 2.1) and "Marathon" (Group 2.2) classes. "Marathon" competitors are not permitted to change such key components as the engine (including the engine case, cylinders and cylinder heads), the frame, the forks or swinging arm, whereas those in the "Super Production" and "Elite" classes may replace these components.[15]

KTM has dominated the motorcycle class in recent years, although Honda, Yamaha, Sherco and Gas Gas also compete currently. BMW and Cagiva have also enjoyed success in the past.

Quads

Prior to 2009, Quads were a subdivision of the motorbike category, but they were granted their own separate classification in 2009 and are designated Group 3 in the current regulations. They are divided into two subgroups - Group 3.1, which features two-wheel drive quads with a single cylinder engine with a maximum capacity of 750cc, and Group 3.2, which permits four-wheel drive quads with a maximum engine capacity of 900cc, in either single or twin cylinder layout.[15]

Yamaha are unbeaten in the Quad category since 2009, with their main current opposition coming courtesy of Honda and Can-Am.

Cars

Vladimir Chagin, "The Tsar of Dakar", is the most successful Dakar driver in the truck category and the second most successful Dakar driver in any category.

The car class is made up of vehicles weighing less than 3,500 kg (7,716 lb), which are subdivided into several categories. The T1 Group is made up of "Improved Cross-Country Vehicles", subdivided according to engine type (petrol or diesel) and drive type (two-wheel or four-wheel drive). The T2 Group is made up of "Cross-Country Series Production Vehicles", which are subdivided into petrol and diesel categories, while the T3 Group is for "Light Vehicles". There is also an "Open" category catering for vehicles conforming to SCORE regulations.[16]

Mini have been the most successful marque in the car category in recent years, thanks to the efforts of the non-factory X-Raid team, with limited involvement currently coming from Toyota, Ford and Haval. Several constructors also produce bespoke buggies for the event, most notably SMG and Damen Jefferies.

Mitsubishi is historically the most successful manufacturer in the car class, with Volkswagen, Citroen, Peugeot and Porsche having all tasted success in the past with factory teams. Jean-Louis Schlesser has also won the event twice with his Renault-supported buggies. Factory teams from Nissan and SEAT have also won stages, as has BMW, courtesy of the X-Raid team.

Trucks

The Truck class (T4), first run as a separate category in 1980, is made up of vehicles weighing more than 3,500 kg (7,716 lb). Trucks participating in the competition are subdivided into "Series Production" trucks (T4.1) and "Modified" trucks (T4.2), whilst Group T4.3 (formerly known as T5) trucks are rally support trucks - meaning they travel from bivouac to bivouac to support the competition vehicles.[16] These were introduced to the rally in 1998. The truck event was not run in 1989 after it was decided the vehicles, by this stage with twin engines generating in excess of 1000 horsepower, were too dangerous following the death of a DAF crew member in an accident during the 1988 rally.[5]

Kamaz has dominated the truck category since the turn of the century, although it has come under increasing pressure from rivals such as Iveco, MAN, Renault and Tatra, which enjoyed much success in the 1990s. Hino, DAF, Perlini and Mercedes-Benz have also been among the winners in the past.

List of winners

Year Route Cars Motorcycles Trucks Quads
Driver
Co-driver
Make & model Rider Make & model Driver
Co-drivers
Make & model Rider Make & model
2017 Asunción
La Paz
Buenos Aires
2016 Buenos Aires
Salta-
Rosario
France Stéphane Peterhansel
France Jean-Paul Cottret
Peugeot 2008 DKR Australia Toby Price KTM 450 Rally Netherlands Gerard de Rooy
Spain Moises Torrallardona
Poland Darek Rodewald
Iveco PowerStar Argentina Marcos Patronelli Yamaha
2015 Buenos Aires
Iquique-
Buenos Aires
Qatar Nasser Al-Attiyah
France Matthieu Baumel
Mini All 4 Racing Spain Marc Coma KTM 450 Rally Russia Ayrat Mardeev
Russia Aydar Belyaev
Russia Dmitriy Svistunov
Kamaz Poland Rafał Sonik Yamaha
2014 Rosario-
Salta
Valparaíso
Spain Nani Roma
France Michel Périn
Mini All 4 Racing Spain Marc Coma KTM 450 Rally Russia Andrey Karginov

Russia Andrey Mokeev
Russia Igor Devyatkin

Kamaz Chile Ignacio Casale Yamaha
2013 Lima
Tucumán
Santiago
France Stéphane Peterhansel
France Jean-Paul Cottret
Mini All 4 Racing France Cyril Despres KTM 450 Rally Russia Eduard Nikolaev
Russia Sergey Savostin

Russia Vladimir Rybakov

Kamaz Argentina Marcos Patronelli Yamaha
2012 Mar del Plata
Arica
Lima
France Stéphane Peterhansel
France Jean-Paul Cottret
Mini All 4 Racing France Cyril Despres KTM 450 Rally Netherlands Gérard de Rooy
Belgium Tom Colsoul
Poland Darek Rodewald
Iveco PowerStar Argentina Alejandro Patronelli Yamaha Raptor 700
2011 Buenos Aires–
Arica–
Buenos Aires
Qatar Nasser Al-Attiyah
Germany Timo Gottschalk
Volkswagen Touareg 3 Spain Marc Coma KTM 450 Rally Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Sergey Savostin
Russia Ildar Shaysultanov
Kamaz Argentina Alejandro Patronelli Yamaha
2010 Buenos Aires–
Antofagasta
Buenos Aires
Spain Carlos Sainz
Spain Lucas Cruz
Volkswagen Touareg 2 France Cyril Despres KTM 690 Rally Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Sergey Savostin
Russia Eduard Nikolaev
Kamaz Argentina Marcos Patronelli Yamaha
2009 Buenos Aires–
Valparaiso–
Buenos Aires
South Africa Giniel de Villiers
Germany Dirk von Zitzewitz
Volkswagen Touareg 2 Spain Marc Coma KTM 690 Rally Russia Firdaus Kabirov
Russia Aydar Belyaev
Russia Andrey Mokeev
Kamaz Czech Republic Josef Macháček Yamaha
2008 Not Held
2007 LisbonDakar France Stéphane Peterhansel
France Jean-Paul Cottret
Mitsubishi Pajero France Cyril Despres KTM 690 Rally Netherlands Hans Stacey
Belgium Charly Gotlib
Netherlands Bernard der Kinderen
MAN TGA Not held
2006 Lisbon–Dakar France Luc Alphand
France Gilles Picard
Mitsubishi Pajero Spain Marc Coma KTM LC4 660R Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Semen Yakubov
Russia Sergey Savostin
Kamaz
2005 Barcelona–Dakar France Stéphane Peterhansel
France Jean-Paul Cottret
Mitsubishi Pajero France Cyril Despres KTM LC4 660R Russia Firdaus Kabirov
Russia Aydar Belyaev
Russia Andrey Mokeev
Kamaz
2004 Clermont-Ferrand
Dakar
France Stéphane Peterhansel
France Jean-Paul Cottret
Mitsubishi Pajero Spain Nani Roma KTM LC4 660R Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Semen Yakubov
Russia Sergey Savostin
Kamaz
2003 Marseille
Sharm el Sheikh
Japan Hiroshi Masuoka
Germany Andreas Schulz
Mitsubishi Pajero France Richard Sainct KTM LC4 660R Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Semen Yakubov
Russia Sergey Savostin
Kamaz
2002 ArrasMadrid
Dakar
Japan Hiroshi Masuoka
France Pascal Maimon
Mitsubishi Pajero Italy Fabrizio Meoni KTM LC8 950R Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Semen Yakubov
Russia Sergey Savostin
Kamaz
2001 Paris–Dakar Germany Jutta Kleinschmidt
Germany Andreas Schulz
Mitsubishi Pajero Italy Fabrizio Meoni KTM LC4 660R Czech Republic Karel Loprais
Czech Republic Josef Kalina
Czech Republic Petr Hamerla
Tatra 815
2000 Paris–Dakar–Cairo France Jean-Louis Schlesser
Andorra Henri Magne
Schlesser-Renault Buggy France Richard Sainct BMW F650RR Russia Vladimir Chagin
Russia Semen Yakubov
Russia Sergey Savostin
Kamaz
1999 Granada–Dakar France Jean-Louis Schlesser
France Philippe Monnet
Schlesser-Renault Buggy France Richard Sainct BMW F650RR Czech Republic Karel Loprais
Czech Republic Radomir Stachura
Czech Republic Josef Kalina
Tatra 815
1998 Paris–Granada–
Dakar
France Jean-Pierre Fontenay
France Gilles Picard
Mitsubishi Pajero France Stéphane Peterhansel Yamaha YZE850T Czech Republic Karel Loprais
Czech Republic Radomir Stachura
Czech Republic Jan Cermak
Tatra 815
1997 Dakar–Agades
Dakar
Japan Kenjiro Shinozuka
Andorra Henri Magne
Mitsubishi Pajero France Stéphane Peterhansel Yamaha YZE850T Austria Peter Reif
Austria Johann Deinhofer
Hino
1996 Granada–Dakar France Pierre Lartigue
France Michel Périn
Citroën ZX Italy Edi Orioli Yamaha YZE850T Russia Viktor Moskovskikh
Russia Anatoli Kouzmine
Russia Nail Bagavetdinov
Kamaz
1995 Granada–Dakar France Pierre Lartigue
France Michel Périn
Citroën ZX France Stéphane Peterhansel Yamaha YZE850T Czech Republic Karel Loprais
Czech Republic Radomir Stachura
Czech Republic Tomas Tomecek
Tatra 815
1994 Paris–Dakar–Paris France Pierre Lartigue
France Michel Périn
Citroën ZX Italy Edi Orioli Cagiva Elefant 900 Czech Republic Karel Loprais
Czech Republic Radomir Stachura
Czech Republic Josef Kalina
Tatra 815
1993 Paris–Dakar France Bruno Saby
France Dominique Serieys
Mitsubishi Pajero France Stéphane Peterhansel Yamaha YZE850T Italy Francesco Perlini
Italy Giorgio Albiero
Italy Claudio Vinante
Perlini
1992 Paris–Sirte
Cape Town
France Hubert Auriol
France Philippe Monnet
Mitsubishi Pajero France Stéphane Peterhansel Yamaha YZE850T Italy Francesco Perlini
Italy Giorgio Albiero
Italy Claudio Vinante
Perlini
1991 Paris–Tripoli
Dakar
Finland Ari Vatanen
Sweden Bruno Berglund
Citroën ZX France Stéphane Peterhansel Yamaha YZE750T France Jacques Houssat
France Thierry de Saulieu
Italy Danilo Bottaro
Perlini
1990 Paris–Tripoli–
Dakar
Finland Ari Vatanen
Sweden Bruno Berglund
Peugeot 405 T16 Italy Edi Orioli Cagiva Elefant 900 Italy Giorgio Villa
Italy Giorgio Delfino
Italy Claudio Vinante
Perlini
1989 Paris–Tunis–Dakar Finland Ari Vatanen
Sweden Bruno Berglund
Peugeot 405 T16 France Gilles Lalay Honda NXR800V Not held
1988 Paris–Alger–Dakar Finland Juha Kankkunen
Finland Juha Piironen
Peugeot 205 T16 Italy Edi Orioli Honda NXR800V Czechoslovakia Karel Loprais
Czech Republic Radomir Stachura
Czech Republic Tomas Muck
Tatra 815
1987 Paris-Alger–Dakar Finland Ari Vatanen
France Bernard Giroux
Peugeot 205 T16 France Cyril Neveu Honda NXR750V Netherlands Jan de Rooy
Belgium Yvo Geusens
Netherlands Theo van de Rijt
DAF
1986 Paris-Alger–Dakar France René Metge
France Dominique Lemoyne
Porsche 959 France Cyril Neveu Honda NXR750V Italy Giacomo Vismara
Italy Giulio Minelli
Mercedes-Benz
1985 Paris-Alger–Dakar France Patrick Zaniroli
France Jean Da Silva
Mitsubishi Pajero Belgium Gaston Rahier BMW R100GS Germany Karl-Friedrich Capito
Germany Jost Capito
Germany Klaus Schweikarl
Mercedes-Benz 1936 AK
1984 Paris-Alger–Dakar France René Metge
France Dominique Lemoyne
Porsche 911 (953) Belgium Gaston Rahier BMW R100GS France Pierre Laleu
France Daniel Durce
France Patrick Venturini
Mercedes-Benz 1936 AK
1983 Paris-Alger–Dakar Belgium Jacky Ickx
France Claude Brasseur
Mercedes 280 G France Hubert Auriol BMW R100GS France Georges Groine
France Thierry de Saulieu
France Bernard Malferiol
Mercedes-Benz 1936 AK
1982 Paris-Alger–Dakar France Claude Marreau
France Bernard Marreau
Renault 20 France Cyril Neveu Honda XR550 France Georges Groine
France Thierry de Saulieu
France Bernard Malferiol
Mercedes-Benz U 1700L
1981 Paris–Dakar France René Metge
France Bernard Giroux
Range Rover France Hubert Auriol BMW R80G/S France Adrien Villette
France Henri Gabrelle
France Alain Voillereau
ALM/ACMAT
1980 Paris–Dakar Sweden Freddy Kottulinsky
Germany Gerd Löffelmann
Volkswagen Iltis France Cyril Neveu Yamaha XT500 Algeria Zohra Ataouat
Algeria Hadj Daou Boukrif
Algeria Mahiedine Kaloua
Sonacome
1979 Paris–Dakar France Alain Génestier
France Joseph Terbiaut
France Jean Lemordant
Range Rover France Cyril Neveu Yamaha XT500 France Jean-François Dunac
France Jean-Pierre Chapel
France François Beau
Pinzgauer

Source: "Dakar Retrospective 1979-2009" (PDF). Official website of the Dakar rally raid. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 19 July 2013. 

Stage winners

Update: after 2016 Dakar Rally Bold denotes current competitors (as of 2016).

By category

Bikes
Pos.RiderWins
1 France Stéphane Peterhansel 33
2 France Cyril Despres 32
3 Spain Jordi Arcarons 27
4 Spain Marc Coma 25
5 France Hubert Auriol 24
6 Italy Alessandro De Petri 19
7 Italy Edi Orioli 17
Belgium Gaston Rahier
9 France Richard Sainct 15
10 Italy Fabrizio Meoni 14
Spain Joan Barreda
Bikes
Quads (since 2009)
Pos.RiderWins
1 Argentina Marcos Patronelli 16
2 Chile Ignacio Casale 11
3 Argentina Alejandro Patronelli 10
4 France Christophe Declerck 8
5 Argentina Tomas Maffei 6
6 Czech Republic Josef Macháček 5
7 Poland Rafał Sonik 4
Argentina Sebastian Halpern
9 Uruguay Sergio Lafuente 3
Netherlands Sebastian Husseini
Spain Juan Manuel González
Poland Łukasz Łaskawiec
Cars
Pos.DriverWins
1 Finland Ari Vatanen 50
2 France Stéphane Peterhansel 35
3 Belgium Jacky Ickx 29
Spain Carlos Sainz
5 Qatar Nasser Al-Attiyah 26
6 Japan Hiroshi Masuoka 25
7 France Jean-Pierre Fontenay 24
8 France Pierre Lartigue 211
Japan Kenjiro Shinozuka
10 France Bruno Saby 15
France Jean-Louis Schlesser
Cars
Trucks (since 1999)
Pos.DriverWins
1 Russia Vladimir Chagin 632
2 Russia Firdaus Kabirov 37
3 Netherlands Gérard de Rooy 30
4 Netherlands Hans Stacey 18
5 Czech Republic Karel Loprais 16
6 Russia Eduard Nikolaev 10
7 Russia Andrey Karginov 9
Brazil André de Azevedo
9 Czech Republic Aleš Loprais 8
10 Russia Ayrat Mardeev 4
Netherlands Peter Versluis
Trucks

Combined

RankDriverStage WinsCategory
1 France Stéphane Peterhansel 68 Bikes/Cars
2 Russia Vladimir Chagin 632 Trucks
3 Finland Ari Vatanen 50 Cars
4 Russia Firdaus Kabirov 37 Trucks
France Hubert Auriol Bikes/Cars
6 France Cyril Despres 32 Bikes
7 Netherlands Gérard de Rooy 30 Trucks
8 Belgium Jacky Ickx 29 Cars
Spain Carlos Sainz Cars
10 Spain Jordi Arcarons 27 Bikes
11 Qatar Nasser Al-Attiyah 26 Cars
12 Japan Hiroshi Masuoka 25 Cars
Spain Marc Coma Bikes
14 France Jean-Pierre Fontenay 24 Cars
Spain Nani Roma Bikes/Cars
16 France Pierre Lartigue 211 Cars
Japan Kenjiro Shinozuka Cars
18 Italy Alessandro de Petri 19 Bikes
19 Netherlands Hans Stacey 18 Trucks
20 Italy Edi Orioli 17 Bikes
Belgium Gaston Rahier Bikes
22 Czech Republic Karel Loprais 16 Trucks
Argentina Marcos Patronelli Quads
24 France Richard Sainct 15 Bikes
France Bruno Saby Cars
France Jean-Louis Schlesser Cars

Source:[5] Notes: The source fails to mention 21-time stage winner Kenjiro Shinozuka^1 , while also including Chagin's wins as a navigator for Viktor Moskovskikh during the 1999 event.^2 and also includes incorrectly Cyril Despres as winner of stage 9 of 2010 Dakar (it was Marc Coma)

Television coverage

Over 190 different countries take the international feed of the event with a roundup of every day being made into a 26-minute programme. This has been commentated on by Toby Moody for ten years, and most recently Ben Constanduros.

The organisers provide 20 edit stations for various countries to produce their own programmes. There are four TV helicopters, six stage cameras, and three bivouac crews to make over 1,000 hours of TV over the two-week period. In the United States, coverage can be seen on NBC Sports Network.

A 2006 television documentary Race to Dakar described the experiences of a team, including the English actor Charley Boorman, in preparation for and entry into the 2006 Dakar Rally.

Incidents

In 1982, Mark Thatcher, son of the then British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, along with his French co-driver Anne-Charlotte Verney and their mechanic, disappeared for six days. On January 9, the trio became separated from a convoy of vehicles after they stopped to make repairs to a faulty steering arm. They were declared missing on January 12; after a large-scale search, a Lockheed L100 search plane from the Algerian military spotted their white Peugeot 504 some 50 kilometres (31 mi) off course. Thatcher, Verney, and the mechanic were all unharmed.

The organiser of the rally, Thierry Sabine, was killed when his Ecureuil helicopter ("Squirrel-copter") crashed at 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday 14 January 1986, into a dune at Mali during a sudden sand-storm. Also killed onboard was the singer-songwriter Daniel Balavoine, helicopter pilot François-Xavier Bagnoud, journalist Nathalie Odent, and Jean-Paul Lefur who was a radiophonic engineer for RTL.[17]

Six people were killed during the 1988 race, three participants and three local residents. In one incident, Baye Sibi, a 10-year-old Malian girl, was killed by a racer while she crossed a road. A film crew's vehicle killed a mother and daughter in Mauritania on the last day of the race. The race participants killed, in three separate crashes, were a Dutch navigator on the DAF Trucks team, a French privateer, and a French rider. Racers were also blamed for starting a wildfire that caused a panic on a train running between Dakar and Bamako, where three more people were killed.[18]

In 2003, French driver Daniel Nebot both rolled and crashed his Toyota heavily at high speed killing his co-driver Bruno Cauvy.[19][20] In 2005, Spanish motorcyclist José Manuel Pérez died in a Spanish hospital on Monday, January 10 after crashing the week before on the 7th stage. Italian motorcyclist Fabrizio Meoni, a two-time winner of the event, became the second Dakar Rally rider to die in two days, following Pérez on January 11 on stage 11. Meoni was the 11th motorcyclist and the 45th person overall to die in the history of the race. On January 13, a five-year-old Senegalese girl was hit and killed by a service lorry after wandering onto a main road, bringing the total deaths to five.

In 2006, 41-year-old Australian KTM motorcyclist Andy Caldecott, in his third time in the Dakar, died January 9 as a result of neck injuries sustained in a crash approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) into stage 9, between Nouakchott and Kiffa, only a few kilometers (miles) from the location where Meoni had his fatal wreck the year before. He won the third stage of the 2006 event between Nador and Er Rachidia only a few days before his death. The death occurred despite efforts by the event organisers to improve competitor safety, including limiting speed, mandatory rest at fuel stops, and reduced fuel capacity requirements for the bike classes. On January 13, a 10-year-old boy died while crossing the course after being hit by a car driven by Latvian Māris Saukāns, while on January 14 a 12-year-old boy was killed after being hit by a support lorry.[21]

In 2007, 29-year-old South African motor racer Elmer Symons died of injuries sustained in a crash during the fourth stage of the Rally. Symons crashed with his bike in the desert between Er Rachidia and Ouarzazate, Morocco.[22] Another death occurred on January 20, the night before the race's finish, when 42-year-old motorcyclist Eric Aubijoux died suddenly. The cause of death was initially believed to be a heart attack,[23] however it was later suggested that Aubijoux had died of internal injuries sustained in a crash earlier that day while competing in the 14th stage of the race.

Wikinews has related news: 2008 Dakar Rally cancelled over terrorist threat

The 2008 Dakar Rally was cancelled due to security concerns after al-Qaeda's murder of four French tourists on Christmas Eve in December 2007 in Mauritania (a country in which the rally spent eight days), various accusations against the rally calling it "neo-colonialist", and al-Qaeda's accusations against Mauritania calling it a supporter of "crusaders, apostates and infidels". The French-based Amaury Sport Organisation in charge of the 6,000-kilometre (3,700 mi) rally said in a statement that they had been advised by the French government to cancel the race, which had been due to begin on January 5, 2008 from Lisbon. They said direct threats had also been made against the event by al-Qaeda related organisations.[24][25]

Omar Osama bin Laden, the son of Osama bin Laden, attracted news coverage in 2008 by promoting himself as an "ambassador of peace" and proposing a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) horse race across North Africa as a replacement to the Dakar Rally, with sponsors' money going to support child victims of war, saying "I heard the rally was stopped because of al-Qaida. I don't think they are going to stop me."[26]

On 7 January 2009, the body of 49-year-old motorcyclist Pascal Terry from France was found. He had been missing for three days and his body lay on a remote part of the second stage between Santa Rosa de la Pampa and Puerto Madryn.

On 4 January 2010, a woman watching the Dakar Rally was killed when a vehicle taking part in the race veered off the course and hit her during the opening stage.

On 1 January 2012, motorcyclist Jorge Martinez Boero of Argentina died after suffering a cardiac arrest after a fall. He was treated by medical staff within five minutes of the accident, but died on the way to hospital.

On 7 January 2015, motorcycle rider Michal Hernik died from unknown circumstances during Stage 3 of the 2015 rally.[27]

Overall 70 people, including 28 competitors, have died in the Dakar Rally.

Criticism

When the race was held in Africa, it was subject to criticism from several sources, generally focusing on the race's impact on the inhabitants of the African countries through which it passed.

Some African residents along the race's course in previous years have said they saw limited benefits from the race; that race participants spent little money on the goods and services local residents can offer. The racers produced substantial amounts of dust along the course, and were blamed for hitting and killing livestock, in addition to occasionally injuring or killing people.[28]

After the 1988 race, when three Africans were killed in collisions with vehicles involved in the race, PANA, a Dakar-based news agency, wrote that the deaths were "insignificant for the [race's] organisers". The Vatican City newspaper L'Osservatore Romano called the race a "vulgar display of power and wealth in places where men continue to die from hunger and thirst."[29] During a 2002 protest at the race's start in Arras, France, a Green Party of France statement described the race as "colonialism that needs to be eradicated".[30]

The environmental impact of the race has been another area of criticism. This criticism of the race is notably the topic of the song "500 connards sur la ligne de départ" ("500 Arseholes at the Starting Line"), on the 1991 album Marchand de cailloux by French singer Renaud. According to recent figures provided by the Dakar Rally, the carbon emissions of the two-week race are approximately equivalent to a single Formula One race.[31]

Gallery

Nissan Patrol at the Lisbon-Dakar 2007. 
Russian Kamaz 4911, twelve time Dakar winner. 
Bowler Wildcat on the Dakar Rally in 2007. 
SsangYong Kyron driven by Isidre Esteve Pujol in 2009. 
Dakar Rally finish 2007. 
Team Dakar USA 2007. 
Monument in Salar de Uyuni. 

See also

References

  1. "Motorcycle competitors race away as Dakar Rally leaves Buenos Aires". Clutch & Chrome. 2009-01-03. Archived from the original on January 20, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  2. "DAKAR IN ARGENTINA, CHILE AND PERU". ASO. 2009-02-24. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
  3. "Dakar stays in South America for 2011". Autosport. 2010-03-23.
  4. "History". Dakar.com. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Dakar: Retrospective, 1979-2014" (PDF). Dakar.com. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  6. "1994 Paris-Dakar-Paris". Mitsubishi Motors. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  7. "Schlesser penalised after taking lead". BBC Sport. 20 January 2001. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  8. "Peterhansel's Dakar dream dies". BBC Sport. 18 January 2003. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  9. "Alphand takes charge with victory". BBC Sport. 12 January 2006. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
  10. "world motorsport | dakar Chile offers to host Dakar 2008". motoring.iafrica.com. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  11. "Index – Két pótvesennyel pótolnák idén a Dakart". Index.hu. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  12. "Argentina, Chile to host 2009 Dakar Rally". Agence France-Presse. 2008-02-11.
  13. "Sainz crashes out of Dakar Rally". autosport.com. 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
  14. Stephane Peterhansel frustrated by controversial finish autosport.com. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  15. 1 2 "Dakar Bike-Quad regulations" (PDF).
  16. 1 2 "Dakar Car-Truck regulations" (PDF).
  17. The Motorsport Memorial Team, [email protected]. "Motorsport Memorial". Motorsport Memorial. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  18. Brown, Robert Carlton (1988-02-01). "Disastrous days in the desert". Sports Illustrated. 68 (5): 20(4).
  19. "Article: French Driver Dies in Paris-Dakar Rally – AP Online | HighBeam Research – FREE trial". Highbeam.com. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  20. The Motorsport Memorial Team, [email protected]. "Motorsport Memorial". Motorsport Memorial. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  21. "Second boy dies during Dakar". motoring.co.za. 2006-01-14. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  22. "Symons dies after crash". eurosport.co.uk. January 1, 2007. Archived from the original on January 13, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  23. "Dakar hit by second death on eve of finish". London: The Guardian. 2007-01-20.
  24. "News – Africa". Reuters.
  25. The Times – Article Archived December 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  26. Paul Schemm (2008-01-17). "Bin Laden Son Wants to Be Peace Activist". Bismarck Tribune.
  27. "Polish rider dies in Argentina during Dakar Rally". Fox News.
  28. Doggett, Gina (2004-01-18). "Paris-Dakar rally brings 'little but dust', Senegalese villagers say". Agence France-Presse.
  29. Brooke, James (1988-03-13). "Dangerous Paris-Dakar race is endangered". The New York Times. p. 8.
  30. Paterne, Elodie (2001-12-28). "Protests overshadow start of Paris-Dakar race". Agence France-Presse.
  31. Environment and Power Economy Agency, under "Carbon Footprint", demonstrating that the Dakar Rally emits 22,000 metric tons of carbon, compared with the 2007 Rugby World Cup, which emitted 570,000 metric tons (see methodology)

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