Overloading (chess)

Krasenkow vs. Karpov, 2003
abcdefgh
8
e8 white bishop
g8 black king
a7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
b6 black pawn
f6 black queen
g6 black knight
h6 black pawn
c5 black bishop
d5 white rook
a4 white queen
f3 white pawn
g3 white pawn
e2 black rook
h2 white pawn
f1 white rook
h1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Black to play

Overloading is a chess tactic in which a defensive piece is given an additional defensive assignment which it cannot complete without abandoning its original defensive assignment.


Examples

Krasenkow vs. Karpov,[1] in the first round of the 2003 Corus chess tournament, reached the diagrammed position with Black to play. As the white rook on f1 is tied to the defense of the pawn on f3, Black won immediately with 1...Re1!, overloading the rook: If 2.Rxe1 or 2.Qc4, then 2...Qxf3#. If 2.Kg2, then similarly, 2...Rxf1 3.Kxf1 Qxf3+ and 4...Qxd5.

An overload was also used in Rotlewi versus Rubinstein.

Nisipeanu vs. Giri, 2010
abcdefgh
8
e8 black rook
f8 black bishop
c7 black pawn
d7 black bishop
e7 black rook
g7 black king
b6 black pawn
f6 black queen
g6 black pawn
h6 black pawn
a5 black pawn
c5 black pawn
d5 white pawn
e5 black knight
c4 white pawn
e4 white bishop
f4 black pawn
b3 white pawn
h3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
c2 white knight
d2 white queen
e2 white rook
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
e1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Black to play

Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu vs. Anish Giri, [2] In this position, Giri played 30...Bxh3! overloading the g2 pawn, as 31. gxh3 is met with 31...f3. (32. Re3 Qg5+)

References


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