Nullator
In electronics, a nullator is a theoretical linear, time-invariant one-port defined as having zero current and voltage across its terminals. Nullators are strange in the sense that they simultaneously have properties of both a short (zero voltage) and an open circuit (zero current). They are neither current nor voltage sources, yet both at the same time.[1]
Inserting a nullator in a circuit schematic imposes a mathematical constraint on how that circuit must behave, forcing the circuit itself to adopt whatever arrangements needed to meet the condition. For example, the inputs of an ideal operational amplifier (with negative feedback) behave like a nullator, as they draw no current and have no voltage across them, and these conditions are used to analyze the circuitry surrounding the operational amplifier.
A nullator is normally paired with a norator to form a nullor.
Two trivial cases are worth noting: A nullator in parallel with a norator is equivalent to a short (zero voltage any current) and a nullator in series with a norator is an open circuit (zero current, any voltage).
Further reading
[1] P. Kumar and Raj Senani, `Bibliography on nullors and their use in circuit analysis, synthesis and design', Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Vol. 33, No.1, pp. 65–76, October 2002.
[2] Raj Senani, A. K. Singh, Pragati Kumar, R. K. Sharma,`Nullors, Their Bipolar and CMOS Implementations and Applications in Analog Circuit Synthesis and Design', pp. 31–59, Chapter 2 in `Integrated Circuits for Analog Signal Processing', Springer, 2013.
References
- ↑ Verhoeven C J M van Staveren A Monna G L E Kouwenhoven M H L & Yildiz E (2003). Structured electronic design: negative feedback amplifiers. Boston/Dordrecht/London: Kluwer Academic. pp. §2.2.1.1 pp. 30–32. ISBN 1-4020-7590-1.