Patron saints of places
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The idea of assigning a patron saint to a certain locality harks back to the ancient tutelary deities. This is a list of patron saints of places by nation, region, and town/city. If a place is not listed here, it may be listed in "Patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary."
Continents
Patron saints by regions
| Continent | Patron saint | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | Francis Xavier | |
| Africa | Moses the Black | Dauphin Island
St.Edward |
| The Americas | The Mary, mother of Jesus (as Our Lady of Guadalupe[1][2]) Joseph[3] Innocent of Alaska Isaac Jogues and companions Herman of Alaska Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow Raphael of Brooklyn |
Saint Rosa (Santa Rosa) is the Patroness Saint of the Americas[4] |
| Europe | Benedict of Nursia,[5][6] Saints Cyril and Methodius,[7][8] Bridget of Sweden,[5] Catherine of Siena,[5] Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross)[5] |
Benedict of Nursia is the main Patron Saint,[9] the others are considered co-patrons.[10]
Beorhthelm of Stafford, formally Bethnei, circa early 6th Century[11] |
| Oceania | Peter Chanel[12] | |
Regions
| Region | Patron saint |
|---|---|
| Anatolia | John the Apostle |
| Australasia | The Virgin Mary (as Mary Help of Christians[13]) |
| Central Africa | The Immaculate Heart of Mary[14] |
| North Africa (Libya, Tunisia) | Cyprian[14] |
| Scandinavia | Ansgar[5] |
| South America | Rose of Lima,[5] |
| West Indies | Gertrude the Great Pope Gregory I |
Countries
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Former states
- Kingdom of Bosnia – Gregory the Miracle-Worker,and Saint Gregory after 1461. [47]
- Czechoslovakia – Adalbert of Prague,[24] John of Nepomuk,[5] Ludmila, Cyril and Methodius,[24] Wenceslas[5]
- Flanders – Willibrord
- Lorraine – Nicholas of Myra
- The Mi'kmaq Nation – Anne
- Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro – Petar I Petrović Njegoš[48][49]
- Prussia – Adalbert of Prague, Dorothy of Montau, Jutta of Kulmsee
- Moldavia – John of Suceava
- Kingdom of Serbia – Vitus[50]
- Kingdom of Yugoslavia – Cyril and Methodius[22]
Provinces
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Cities and towns
Catherine of Siena writing
Australia
Austria
- Graz – Giles
- Linz – Florian
- Salzburg – Rupert of Salzburg, Vergilius
- Vienna – Clemens Maria Hofbauer
Belgium
- Affligem – Michael (archangel)
- Anderlecht – Guy of Anderlecht[54]
- Antwerp – Walburga
- Brecht – Michael (archangel)
- Bruges – Andrew the Apostle[55]
- Brussels – Gudula, Michael (archangel)
- Ghent – Bavo, Macarius of Antioch, Pharaildis
- Lier – Gummarus
- Mons – Waltrude[51]
- Oudenarde – Walburga
- Temse – Amalberga
Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto – Sebastian
- Taquaritinga – Sebastian
- Rio de Janeiro – Sebastian
- São Paulo – Paul the Apostle
- Minas Gerais – Our Lady of Abbey
- Jaboticabal – Our Lady of Mount Carmel
- Uberlândia – Our Lady of Abbey
Canada
- Deschambault, Quebec – Joseph
- St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador – John the Baptist
- Toronto – Michael (archangel)
Colombia
- Barranquilla – Nicholas of Tolentino and Saint Roch
- Bogotá – Elizabeth of Hungary
- Bucaramanga – Immaculate Conception
- Buenaventura – Bonaventure
- Cali – James the Greater
- Cartagena – Peter Claver
- Cúcuta – Saint Joseph
- El Guamo – Saint Lucy
- Envigado – Gertrude the Great
- Ibagué – Saint Boniface
- Ipiales – Our Lady of Las Lajas
- Medellín – Virgin of Candelaria and Lawrence of Rome
- Mocoa – Michael (archangel)
- Montería – Jerome
- Neiva – Immaculate Conception
- Pasto – Virgin of Mercy and John the Baptist
- Popayán – Ecce homo
- Santa Fe de Antioquia – Saint Barbara
- Santa Marta – Martha
- Soacha – Bernardino of Siena
- Tunja – James the Greater
- Valledupar – Ecce homo
Croatia
- Dubrovnik – Blaise
- Losinj – Gaudentius of Ossero
- Rab – Christopher
- Rijeka – Vitus
- Sibenik – Michael (archangel)
- Sisak – Quirinus
- Split – Duje
- Zagreb – Mary
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
- Guayaquil – James the Greater
- Quito – Francis of Assisi
- Quito – Santa Maria del Cisne
Egypt
France
- Abbeville – Wulfram of Sens
- Albi – Cecilia
- Autun – Symphorian
- Avignon – Agricola of Avignon -,[56] Benezet
- Baume-les-Messieurs, Fleury-sur-Loire – Drogo
- Besançon – Ferreolus and Ferrutio
- Dijon – Benignus of Dijon, Urban of Langres
- Saint-Fiacre – Fiacre
- Gap, Hautes-Alpes – Arnulph
- Limoges – Martial
- Lourdes – Bernadette of Lourdes
- Orléans – Joan of Arc
- Paris – Denis,[33] Genevieve
- Ploërmel – Saint Armel
- Plourin – Budoc
- Toulouse – Saturnin
- Tours – Gatianus of Tours, Martin of Tours
- Vannes – Paternus
Germany
- Aachen – Mary, Matthias
- Augsburg – Afra, Ulric
- Berlin – Benno, Otto of Bamberg, Hedwig of Silesia
- Bonn – Cassius of Narni, Adelaide
- Bremen – Oscar
- Brunswick – Andrew, Auctor, Blaise, Christopher
- Cologne – Cunibert, Ursula
- Dresden – Benno
- Düsseldorf – Apollinaris of Ravenna
- Dormagen – Michael
- Hamburg – Oscar
- Hanover – Matthias
- Frankfurt am Main – Helen
- Freiburg im Breisgau – George
- Koblenz – Mary
- Konstanz – Pelagius of Constance
- Lübeck – Nicholas
- Mainz – Alban of Mainz, Boniface
- Munich – Benno
- Münster – Ludger of Utrecht
- Nuremberg – Sebaldus
- Regensburg – Wolfgang, Emmeram
- Stuttgart – Christopher
- Trier – Maximinus, Peter
- Würzburg – Burchard of Würzburg
- Zeitz – Michael
Greece
- Agios Nikolaos, Crete – Nicholas
- Athens – Dionysius the Areopagite
- Cephallonia – Gerasimus of Cephallonia
- Corfu – Arsenius of Corfu, Spyridon
- Corinth – Dionysius of Corinth
- Heraklion – Menas
- Katerini – Catherine
- Larissa – Achillius of Larissa
- Lefkada – Spyridon
- Patras – Andrew
- Piraeus – Spyridon
- Skiathos – Mary
- Skopelos – Riginos
- Sparta – Nikon the Metanoeite
- Syros – Nicholas
- Thessaloniki – Demetrius of Thessaloniki
- Tinos – Pelagia
- Zakynthos – Dionysios of Zakynthos
Haiti
- Port-au-Prince – Our Lady of the Assumption
- Cap-Haïtien – Our Lady of the Assumption
- Les Cayes – Our Lady of the Assumption
- Jacmel – St James the Less and St Philip the Apostle
Hungary
Ireland
- Clonmacnoise – Ciaran the Younger
- Cloyne – Colman of Cloyne
- Cork – Finbarr
- Dublin – Laurence O'Toole
- Fahan – Mura
- Ferns – Aeden of Ferns
- Kilbarry/Tarmonberry – Berach[57]
- Kilmallock, County Limerick – Mochelloc
- Limerick – Munchin
- Ross – Fachanan
Italy
- Abruzzi – Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows
- Amalfi – Andrew the Apostle[36]
- Ancona – Judas Cyriacus
- Aosta – Gratus of Aosta
- Aquila – Maximus of Aquila
- Assisi – Francis of Assisi
- Bari – Nicholas, Sabinus
- Benevento – Arthelais, Barbatus of Benevento
- Bergamo – Alexander of Bergamo
- Bologna – Saint Petronius
- Brescia – Faustinus and Jovita
- Brindisi – Lawrence of Brindisi
- Caltanissetta – Michael
- Capriate San Gervasio – Alexander of Bergamo[58]
- Castellabate – Constabilis
- Castelplanio – Joseph
- Catania – Agatha,[59] Aloysius Gonzaga[60]
- Cervignano d'Adda – Alexander of Bergamo[58]
- Como – Abundius
- Cuneo – Michael (archangel)
- Craco – Vincenzo Martyr
- Fabriano – Adrian of Nicomedia[61]
- Ferrara – George
- Florence – John the Baptist, Joseph, Zenobius
- Fonte Nuova – Joseph
- Genoa – George, John the Baptist, Syrus of Genoa
- Grosseto – Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia[61]
- Imperia – Leonard of Port Maurice
- La Spezia – Joseph
- Ladispoli – Joseph
- Lecce – Bernardino Realino
- Lecco – Nicholas
- Macchia Valfortore – Nicholas
- Matelica – Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia[61]
- Messina – Aloysius Gonzaga[60]
- Milan – Ambrose
- Modica, Sicily – George
- Naples – Agnellus, Aloysius Gonzaga,[60] Alphonsus Maria de Liguori,[60] Andrew Avellino, James of the Marches, Januarius, John IV, Bishop of Naples, Patricia of Naples
- Nocera – Raynald of Nocera
- Orvieto – Joseph
- Otranto – Antonio Primaldo and his Companion Martyrs
- Palermo – Agatha, Benedict the Black, Rosalia
- Pavia, Italy – Syrus of Pavia (Siro), Theodore of Pavia
- Padua – Anthony of Padua
- Pescia – Abdon[62]
- Pisa – Rainerius
- Ponza – Silverius
- Querceta, Seravezza – Joseph
- Randazzo – Joseph
- Reggio Calabria – George
- Reggio Emilia – Prosper of Reggio
- Ripacandida – Donatus
- Rome – Lawrence, Martina of Rome, Philip Neri, Paul, Peter, Sebastian
- Sant'Agata de' Goti – Alphonsus Maria de Liguori[60]
- Siena – Ansanus the Baptizer, Ambrose Sansedoni of Siena
- Sorrento – Antoninus of Sorrento
- Spadafora – Joseph
- Syracuse – Lucy of Syracuse
- Taranto – Catald
- Trapani – Albert of Trapani,[63]
- Trieste – Justus of Trieste
- Turin – John the Baptist, Joseph, Maximus of Turin, Octavius, Solutor
- Urbino – Crescentinus
- Venice – Mark the Evangelist[46] George, Theodore of Amasea
- Veroli – Mary Salome
- Verona – Zeno of Verona
- Volperino, Foligno – Maro
Lebanon
Lithuania
Malta
- Birgu – Lawrence
- Birkirkara – Anthony of Padua, Saint Helena, Joseph, Our Lady of Mount Carmel
- Birzebbugia – Peter
- Kalkara – Joseph
- Luqa – Andrew
- Marsaskala – Anne
- Mdina, Paul the Apostle's Conversion
- Msida – Joseph
- Qala – Joseph
- Siġġiewi – Nicholas
- Valletta – Saint Augustine, Saint Dominic, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Paul the Apostle
- Victoria, Gozo – George
- Xewkija, Gozo – John the Baptist
- Zejtun – Catherine of Alexandria
- Zurrieq – Catherine of Alexandria
Mexico
Montenegro
The Netherlands
- Alkmaar – Lawrence
- Amersfoort – George
- Amsterdam – Nicholas
- Dordrecht – Mary
- Gouda – John the Baptist
- Groningen – Walburga, Martin of Tours
- Haarlem – Bavo
- Kerkrade – Barbara
- Maastricht – Amand of Maastricht
- Nijmegen – Stephen
- Utrecht – Martin of Tours
- Winschoten – Vitus
- Zutphen – Walburga
Norway
Philippines
- Antipolo City, Rizal – Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage
- Cabatuan, Iloilo, – Nicholas of Tolentino
- Cagayan de Oro – Augustine of Hippo
- Calatagan – Dominic of Silos
- Cavite – Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga, Francis of Assisi
- Cebu – Our Lady of Guadalupe, Pedro Calungsod
- Las Piñas – Joseph
- Lipa – Sebastian
- Manila – The Immaculate Conception
- Obando – Our Lady of Salambao, Pascal Baylon, Claire of Assisi
- Pasay – Claire of Assisi
- Pateros, Metro Manila – Martha, Roch
- Quezon City – Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of La Naval
- San Juan – John the Baptist
- San Marcelino – Isidore the Laborer
- Surigao City – Nicholas of Tolentino
- Taal – Martin of Tours
- Tandag – Nicholas of Tolentino
- Tarlac – St. Sebastian
Poland
- Cracow – Faustina, Stanislaus of Szczepanów
- Częstochowa – Mary
- Łódź – Faustina
- Poznań – Paul, Peter
- Warsaw – Andrew Bobola, Faustina, Władysław of Gielniów
- Wrocław – John the Baptist
Portugal
Romania
- Bucharest, Romania – Dimitrie Basarabov
- Sfântu Gheorghe – George
Russia
- Arkhangelsk – Michael (archangel)
- Moscow – Boris, George
- Pskov – Vsevolod of Pskov
- Saint Petersburg – Peter, Xenia
- Samara – Alexius of Moscow
Serbia
- Belgrade – Jesus (as the Holy Saviour)[64] and Demetrius[65]
- Sremska Mitrovica – Demetrius[66] and Methodius
- Kragujevac – George
- Leskovac – Holy Trinity
- Niš – Procopius
- Novi Sad – George
- Prizren – George
- Arilje – Achillius
- Požarevac – Holy Trinity
- Svilajnac – Constantine and Helena
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
- Alcalá de Henares – Justus, Pastor
- Andalusia – Saint Luke
- Barakaldo – Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Vincent of Saragossa
- Barcelona – Eulalia
- Calahorra – Emeterius and Celedonius
- Candeleda – Bernard of Valdeiglesias
- Cartagena – Modestus
- Cordoba – Acisclus and Victoria –[67]
- Estremadura – Peter of Alcantara
- Granada, Spain – Caecilius of Elvira
- Jaén – Saint Luke
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) – Anne
- Madrid – Eustace, Isidore the Farmer, Justus, Pastor
- Mallorca – Alphonsus Rodriguez -[68]
- Sahagun – Abdon[62]
- San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canary Islands) – Christopher
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife – James the Greater
- Santander – Emeterius and Celedonius
- Santiago de Compostela – James the Greater
- Sestao – Peter
- Seville, Spain – Ferdinand III of Castile, Justa
- Toledo – Leocadia
- Zamarramala – Agatha
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
- Aberdeen – Machar, Nicholas, Our Lady of Aberdeen
- Abingdon-on-Thames – Edmund of Abingdon, Helen
- Bodmin – Petroc
- Boston – Botulph
- Buckingham – Rumwold
- Caerleon – Cadog
- Canterbury – Augustine of Canterbury, Thomas Beckett
- Cardiff – Teilo, Piran
- Chester – Werburgh
- Chichester – Richard of Chichester
- Colchester – Helen of Constantinople
- Crowland – Guthlac
- Derby – Alcmund of Derby
- Dorchester-on-Thames – Birinus
- Droitwich – Richard of Chichester
- Dundee – Mary
- Durham – Cuthbert of Lindisfarne
- Edinburgh – Giles
- Ely – Etheldreda
- Exeter – Sativola (English: Sidwell)
- Glasgow – Kentigern, Theneva
- Greenwich – Alfege
- Hereford – Thomas Cantilupe
- Holywell – Winifred
- Lichfield – Chad of Mercia
- Lincoln – Hugh of Lincoln
- Liverpool – Nicholas
- Llandeilo Fawr – Teilo
- Llantwit Major – Illtud
- London – Erkenwald, George, Mellitus, Michael, Paul the Apostle
- Malmesbury – Aldhelm
- Newport – Gwynllyw the Bearded
- Oxford – Frideswide
- Padstow – Piran
- Paisley – Mirin, James the Greater, Our Lady of Paisley
- Perranporth – Piran
- Perth – John the Baptist
- Portsmouth – Thomas Beckett, Nicholas
- Reading – James the Greater
- Ripon – Wilfrid
- St. Albans – Alban
- St. Andrews – Andrew
- St. Brides Wentloog – Brigit of Kildare (Welsh: Ffraid)
- St. Davids – David (Dewi Sant)
- St. Helier, Jersey – Helier
- St. Peter Port, Guernsey – Peter
- Salisbury – Osmund
- Shrewsbury – Winifred
- Stafford – Bertelin
- Steyning – Cuthman
- Winchcombe – Kenelm
- Winchester – Swithun
- Worcester – Oswald of Worcester, Wulfstan
- Wrexham – Richard Gwyn
- York – Peter, William of York
United States
- Acoma Pueblo – James the Greater
- Arlington, Virginia – Thomas More
- Boston – Patrick
- Detroit, Michigan – Anne
- Kalamazoo, Michigan – Augustine of Hippo
- Las Vegas, Nevada – Paul the Apostle
- Los Angeles, California– Our Lady, Queen of Angels
- New Orleans, Louisiana – Expedite
- New York City – Nicholas
- Ruskin, Florida – Anne
- Saint Augustine, Florida – Augustine of Hippo
- Saint Paul, Minnesota – Paul the Apostle
- San Diego, California – Didacus of Alcalá
- San Francisco, California – Francis of Assisi
- Santa Fe, New Mexico – Francis of Assisi
- St. Louis, Missouri – Louis
- Superior, Wisconsin – Augustine of Hippo
- Taos, New Mexico – Anne, John the Apostle
- Thibodaux, Louisiana – Valeria of Milan
- Tucson, Arizona – Augustine of Hippo
Archdioceses and dioceses
- Mary
- Diocese of Badulla, Sri Lanka
- Our Lady of Mount Carmel – Diocese of Chilaw, Sri Lanka
- Diocese of Galle, Sri Lanka
- Immaculate Mother of God – Diocese of Jaffna, Sri Lanka
- Our Lady of Madhu – Diocese of Mannar, Sri Lanka
- Our Lady of Prompt Succor – Archdiocese of New Orleans, Louisiana
- Anne – Diocese of Kurunegala, Sri Lanka
- Saint Anthony of Padua – Diocese of Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Asicus – Diocese of Elphin
- Augustine of Hippo – diocese of Bridgeport, Connecticut
- Ciaran the Elder – Diocese of Ossory
- Eurosia – the diocese of Jaca
- Jarlath – the archdiocese of Tuam, Ireland
- Kevin – Archdiocese of Dublin, Ireland
- Lawrence O'Toole – archdiocese of Dublin, Ireland
- Louis – the Archdiocese of St. Louis
- St. James the Greater – Archdiocese of Seattle
- Saint Peter and Saint Paul – Diocese of Ratnapura, Sri Lanka
- Stanislaus of Cracow – archdiocese of Cracow, Poland
- Francis of Assisi – the Archdiocese of San Francisco, California
- John Fisher – the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester, New York
- Munchin – diocese of Limerick; Limerick (city)
- Saint Mary MacKillop – Roman Catholic Diocese of Wagga Wagga[69]
See also
- Patron saints of ailments, illness, and dangers
- Patron saints of occupations and activities
- Patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary
References
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 6.
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 13.
- 1 2 Saint Joseph
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Rose of Lima". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Bunson, p. 214.
- ↑ "St. Benedict and the key to European unity". CatholicCulture.org. 9 April 2008. Retrieved 2014-07-07.
- ↑ Jones, Terry. "Methodius". Patron Saints Index. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- ↑ "Egregiae Virtutis". Retrieved 26 April 2009. Apostolic letter of Pope John Paul II, 31 December 1980 (Latin)
- ↑ http://montecassinoabbey.org/?p=4039
- ↑ http://www.isidor.se/ccreurope/en-gb/patrons.aspx
- ↑ Church of Saint Bertelin Stafford Text Bernard Buttery
- 1 2 3 4 5 Walsh, p. 15.
- 1 2 3 https://www.sydneycatholic.org/news/latest_news/2013/2013124_1465.shtml
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Walsh, p. 4.
- ↑ Holweck, p. 225.
- ↑ Who was St. Andrew?, Scotland.org
- ↑ http://www.belarus.by/en/about-belarus/famous-belarusians/euphrosyne-of-polotsk
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 5.
- 1 2 List of religious figures of Brittany#The Seven Founder Saints of Brittany
- ↑ Holweck, p. 133.
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 22.
- 1 2 3 4 Walsh, p. 9.
- 1 2 3 Walsh, p. 8.
- 1 2 3 4 Walsh, p. 11.
- ↑ http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/hong0.htm
- ↑ Holweck, p. 256.
- 1 2 3 4 Walsh, p. 12.
- ↑ Holweck, p. 171.
- 1 2 Holweck, p. 182.
- ↑ Walsh, p. 14.
- ↑ Holweck, p. 273.
- 1 2 3 4 Walsh, p. 16.
- ↑ Walsh, p. 17.
- ↑ ru:Икона Божией Матери «Державная»
- 1 2 3 Holweck, p. 72.>
- 1 2 3 4 Walsh, p. 18.
- ↑ A History of the Balkan Peoples. Ardent Media. 1971. p. 33. GGKEY:69RCKY1X0FZ.
- ↑ Jennifer Lawler (2004). Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire. McFarland. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-4766-0929-4.
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 19.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Bunson, p. 215.
- ↑ Walsh, p. 20.
- ↑ Catholic Saints
- ↑ Saint Josaphat Kuncevyc
- ↑ Virgin of the Thirty-Three, proclaimed patron saint of Uruguay by Pope John XXIII (Spanish)
- 1 2 Walsh, p. 21.
- ↑ John Van Antwerp Fine (January 2007). The Bosnian Church: Its Place in State and Society from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century. Saqi. ISBN 978-0-86356-503-8.
This would also explain how St Gregory came to be the patron saint of Bosnia in 1461 (AB, p. 244). Thus we conclude that at least some Bosnians celebrated a family saint, the slava, and also some, like the Sankovici, honored the saints, ...
- ↑ Georgiana Muir Mackenzie (1877). Travels in the Slavonic Province of Turkey-in-Europe. Daldy, Isbister & Company.
St. Peter was in his lifetime Vladika Peter I. ; now he is the patron saint of Montenegro,
- ↑ The Fortnightly. 93-99. Chapman and Hall. 1913.
From one and all their offers met with savage refusal, the answer given by Peter Petrovic, ancestor of King Nikolas, and to-day- Patron Saint of Montenegro, is typical of the spirit of the Crnagora : to the offer of a gift of territory and a Turkish title ...
- ↑ Dennis Cove; Ian Westwell (January 2002). History of World War I. Marshall Cavendish. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-7614-7231-5.
... was scheduled for June 28. This was a significant date for both Princip and the archduke. It was the day of St. Vitus, the patron saint of Serbia,
- 1 2 Saint Waltrude at saints.sqpn.com. Retrieved 26 March 2013
- ↑ Patron saint of Stafford, formerly Bethnei, circa early 6th century, Prince of Mercia, Anglo Saxon follower of Christ, Holy man. See earlier notes Church of Saint Bertelin Stafford
- ↑ Holweck, p. 154.
- ↑ Guy of Anderlecht at saints.sqpn.com. Retrieved 26.March 2013.
- ↑ Andrew the Apostle at saints.sqpn.com. Retrieved 26.March 2013
- ↑ Holweck, p. 35.
- ↑ St. Berach at sqpn.com Retrieved 05.April 2013
- 1 2 Alexander of Bergamo at sqpn.com Retrieved 05.April 2013
- ↑ Holweck, p. 29.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Holweck, p. 52.
- 1 2 3 Holweck, p. 20.
- 1 2 Holweck, p. 3.
- ↑ Holweck, p. 40
- ↑ Michael Schuman (14 May 2014). Serbia and Montenegro. Infobase Publishing. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-1-4381-2252-6.
- ↑ Thomas J. Craughwell (12 July 2011). Saints Preserved. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-307-59074-9.
- ↑ Hellēnikē Hetaireia Slavikōn Meletōn (1999). Thessaloniki, Magna Moravia: proceedings of the International conference, Thessaloniki, 16-19 october 1997. Hellenic Association for Slavic Studies.
- ↑ Holweck, p. 11.
- ↑ Holweck, p. 53.
- ↑ Mary MacKillop at sqpn.com Retrieved 06.April 2013
- Holweck, Frederick G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. B. Herder.
- Bunson, Matthew, ed. (2012). Our Sunday Visitor's 2012 Catholic Almanac. Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN 9781592760770.
- Walsh, Michael, ed. (1987). Butler's Lives of Patron Saints. Harper & Row. ISBN 0060692626.
- Template:Www.usccb.org/bible/readings/120814.cfm
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