Mixed/dual cycle

Thermodynamics
The classical Carnot heat engine
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Scientists Bernoulli Carnot Clapeyron Clausius Carathéodory Duhem Gibbs von Helmholtz Joule Maxwell von Mayer Onsager Rankine Smeaton Stahl Thompson Thomson Waterston
Book:Thermodynamics

The dual combustion cycle (also known as the mixed cycle, Trinkler cycle, Seiliger cycle or Sabathe cycle) is a thermal cycle that is a combination of the Otto cycle and the Diesel cycle, first introduced by Russian-German engineer Gustav Trinkler. Heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure, the advantage of which is that more time is available for the fuel to completely combust. Because of lagging characteristics of fuel this cycle is invariably used for diesel and hot spot ignition engines.It consists of two adiapatic and two constant volume and one constant pressure process. Efficiency lies between Otto and disel cycle The P-V diagram is given below:

The dual cycle consists of following operations:

1. 1-2 Adiabatic compression
2. 2-3 Addition of heat at constant volume.
3. 3-4 Addition of heat at constant pressure.
4. 4-5 Adiabatic expansion.
5. 5-1 Rejection of heat at constant volume.