Miss World

Miss World

Logo of the Miss World Pageant
Motto	Beauty with a Purpose
Formation	29 July 1951 (1951-07-29)
Type	Beauty pageant
Headquarters	London, England, U.K.
Location	United Kingdom
Official language	English
President	Julia Morley
Key people	Eric Morley
Website	missworld.com

Miss World is the oldest surviving major international Beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951.^[1][2] Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has co-chaired the pageant.^[3][4] Alongside with its rival, the Miss Universe and Miss Earth contests, Miss World pageant is one of the three most publicised beauty contests in the world.^[5][6][7][8]

The current Miss World is Mireia Lalaguna of Spain who was crowned on 19 December 2015 in Sanya, China PR.^[9]

20th century

In 1951, Eric Morley organised a bikini contest as part of the Festival of Britain celebrations that he called the Festival Bikini Contest.^[10] The event was popular with the press, and was dubbed "Miss World" by the media. The swimsuit competition was intended as a promotion for the bikini^[11] which had only recently been introduced onto the market, and which was still widely regarded as immodest. When the 1951 Miss World pageant winner, Kerstin "Kiki" Hakansson from Sweden, was crowned in a bikini, it added to the controversy.

The pageant was originally planned as a Pageant for the Festival of Britain, but Eric Morley decided to make the Miss World pageant an annual event.^[12][13] Morley registered the "Miss World" name as a trademark,^[14] and all future pageants were held under that name. However, because of the controversy arising from Håkansson's crowning in a bikini, countries with religious traditions threatened not to send delegates to future events, and the bikini was condemned by the Pope.^[15] Objection to the bikini led to its replacement in all future pageants^[16][17] with what was accepted as more modest swimwear, and from 1976 swimsuits were replaced by evening gowns for the crowning.^[18] Håkansson remains the only Miss World crowned in a bikini.^[14] In Miss World 2013 all participants wore a one-piece swimsuit plus a traditional sarong below the waist as a compromise with local culture.^[19]

Miss World Order or I’ll give you the results in reverse order. Morley announced the Miss World winners in the order No 3, No 2 and No 1. This keeps the tension up and avoids the anticlimax if Nos 2 and 3 are announced after the winner. ^[20]

In 1959, the BBC started broadcasting the pageant. The pageant's popularity grew with the advent of television. During the 1960s and 1970s, Miss World would be among the most watched programs of the year on British television.^[21] However, in 1970, the Miss World contest in London was disrupted by women's liberation protesters armed with flour bombs, stink bombs, and water pistols.^[22]

In the 1980s, the pageant repositioned itself with the slogan Beauty With a Purpose, with added tests of intelligence and personality.^[23] However, there have been various objections to the contest.^[24][25] Although it still "enjoys success worldwide, it was last broadcast on UK televisions in 1998."^[26]

21st century

Eric Morley died in 2000, and his wife, Julia, succeeded as chairwoman of the Miss World organisation.^[27]

The first black African Miss World winner, Agbani Darego of Nigeria, was crowned in 2001. As part of its marketing strategy, Miss World came up with a "Vote For Me" television special during that edition, featuring the delegates behind the scenes and on the beach, and allowing viewers to either phone in or vote online for their favourites. It also sells its Talent, Beach Beauty and Sports events as television specials to broadcasters.^[28]

In 2002 the pageant was slated for Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria to host its final. This choice was controversial, as a northern Nigerian woman, Amina Lawal, was awaiting death by stoning for adultery under Sharia law there, but Miss World chose to use the publicity surrounding its presence to bring greater global awareness and action to Amina's plight (see Controversies section).^[29][30]

Miss World Organisation

Ivian Sarcos in a school in Mumbai, India

The Miss World Organisation owns and manages the annual Miss World Finals, a competition that has grown into one of the world's biggest.^[31] Since its launch in 1951, the Miss World organisation has raised more than £250 million for children's charities^[32] that help disabled and underprivileged children.^[33] Miss World is franchised in more than 100 countries.^[34][35] Miss World, Limited is a privately held firm, and thus figures for its earnings, expenses and charitable contributions are not publicly available.

Titleholders

Year	Country represented	Name	National Title		Number of entrants
2016	TBA	TBA	TBA	Washington, D.C., USA	119
2015	Spain	Mireia Lalaguna	Miss Spain	Sanya, China PR	114
2014	South Africa	Rolene Strauss	Miss South Africa	London, UK	121
2013	Philippines	Megan Young	Miss World Philippines	Bali, Indonesia	127
2012	China PR	Yu Wenxia	Miss China World	Ordos, China PR	116

Winners gallery

• 

  2013: Megan Young, Philippines

• 

  2009: Kaiane Aldorino, Gibraltar

• 

  2008: Ksenia Sukhinova, Russia

• 

  2007: Zhang Zilin, China PR

• 

  2006: Taťána Kuchařová, Czech Republic

• 

  2004: María Julia Mantilla, Peru

• 

  2003: Rosanna Davison, Ireland

• 

  2000: Priyanka Chopra, India

• 

  1999: Yukta Mookhey, India

• 

  1998: Linor Abargil, Israel

• 

  1997: Diana Hayden, India

• 

  1994: Aishwarya Rai, India

• 

  1978: Silvana Suárez, Argentina

• 

  1977: Mary Stävin, Sweden

• 

  1964: Ann Sidney, United Kingdom

• 

  1962: Catharina Lodders, Netherlands

• 

  1959: Corine Rottschäfer, Netherlands

Categories

The winner of these events, called "fast track" competitions, automatically make it into the semifinals of Miss World.^[36] The fast track categories are Miss World Beach Beauty, Beauty With a Purpose, Sports Challenge, Talent and Top Model. Miss World Beach Beauty, replacing Miss World Best in Swimsuit, and Miss World Sports were added in 2003. Miss World Top Model was added in 2004.

Miss World Beach Beauty

Miss World Beach Beauty was a swimsuit or fast track competition in the Miss World pageant.^[37] The Beach Beauty event first started in 2003, when the Miss World Organization decided to have preliminary or fast track events to automatically give a semifinal spot to some of the delegates. This event allowed the Miss World delegates (over 100) to have a chance of being in the semifinals. The winner goes on to make the semifinals automatically. The Beach Beauty event showcased different swimsuits designed by Miss World 1975, Wilnelia Merced. In 2014, the organisation eliminated the swimsuit competition from the pageant.^[38]

Year	Winner	Represented	Placement at Miss World
2003	Rosanna Davison [39]	Ireland [39]	Miss World 2003 [40]
2004	Nancy Randall [41]	United States	2nd Runner-up
2005	Yulia Ivanova [42]	Russia [42]	Top 15 semifinalist
2006	Federica Guzmán [43]	Venezuela [43]	Top 17 semifinalist
2007	Ada de la Cruz [44]	Dominican Republic [44]	Top 16 semifinalist
2008	Anagabriela Espinoza [37]	Mexico	Top 15 semifinalist
2009	Kaiane Aldorino [45]	Gibraltar [45]	Miss World 2009 [46]
2010 [47]	Yara Lasanta	Puerto Rico [48]	Top 20 semifinalist
2011	Alize Lily Mounter [49]	England	Top 7 finalist
2012	Sophie Moulds [50]	Wales	1st Runner-up
2013	Sancler Frantz [51][52]	Brazil [51][52]	Top 6 finalist
2014 [53]	Olivia Asplund [54]	Sweden	Top 25 semifinalist

Miss World Beauty With a Purpose

Beauty with a Purpose, formerly known as Miss World Scholarship, is an event established in 2001 that is celebrated during the activities prior to the Miss World pageant. It awards the contestant with the most relevant and important charity project in her nation. Since 2005 the winner automatically makes the semifinals.

Miss World Best in Swimsuit

Miss World Best in Swimsuit was an award given to the delegate at Miss World who has the highest score at the swimsuit competition during the finals. The award has only been given out for 3 years and no award was presented from 1998 to 2002. The new Miss World Beach Beauty competition was established in 2003 to choose the new Best in Swimsuit winner. The winner proceeded to make the semifinals automatically. The winner of this award is chosen in the list of semifinalists during the finals, unlike Beach Beauty which chooses the winner in a batch of 100+ contestants.

Year	Winner	Represented	Placement at Miss World
1995	Miri Bohadana	Israel [55]	Top 5
1996	Yessica Salazar Gonzalez	Mexico	Top 10
1997	Diana Hayden	India [56]	Miss World 1997 [56]

Miss World Sports Challenge

Miss World Sports or Sportswoman is a title and award given to the winner of a sports event at Miss World. It is a fast track or preliminary event, giving the winner automatically makes it into the semifinals. So far there are 5 Miss World Sports winners starting at 2003. In 2005, there was no Miss Sports winner because it wasn't held as an individual fast track event, but rather a continental team competition. Starting in 2006, the individual competition was back again.

Year	Winner	Represented	Placement at Miss World
2003	Nazanin Afshin-Jam	Canada	1st Runner Up
2004	Amy Guy	Wales	Top 15
2005	Asia-Pacific	Asia	Team Challenge
2006	Malgosia Majewska	Canada	Top 17
2007	Abigail Abby McCar	United States	Top 15
2008	Alexandra Ívarsdóttir [37]	Iceland [37]	Top 15
2009	Erusa Sasaki	Japan	Top 16
2010 [47]	Lori Moore[57]	Northern Ireland [48]	Top 25
2011	Marianly Tejeda	Dominican Republic
2012	Sanna Jinnedal	Sweden	Top 30
2013	Jacqueline Steenbeek [52]	Netherlands [52]	Top 20
2014 [53]	Krista Haapalainen [54]	Finland [54]	Top 25
2015	Steffi Van Wyk [58][59]	Namibia [58][59]
2016

Miss World Talent

Miss World Talent is a talent or fast track competition in the Miss World pageant, in which a number of contestants show their abilities in singing, dancing, poetry, etc.^[60] Introduced in Miss World 1978, the winner of the event automatically makes it into the semifinals starting 2003. The award returned at Miss World 2001.

Year	Winner	Represented	Placement at Miss World
1978	Louvette Monzon Hammond	Philippines
2001	Stephanie Chase	Barbados
2002 [61]	Rebekah Revels	United States	Top 10
2003	Irina Onashvili [39]	Georgia [39]	Top 20
2004	Shermain Jeremy [62]	Antigua & Barbuda [62]	Top 15
2005	Kmisha Counts [63]	US Virgin Islands [63]	Top 15
2006	Catherine Jean Milligan [64]	Northern Ireland [64]	Top 17
2007	Irene Dwomoh [65]	Ghana [65]	Top 15
2008 [66]	Natalie Griffith	Barbados	Top 15
2009	Lena Ma [67]	Canada [67]	4th Runner-up
	Mariatu Kargbo	Sierra Leone [67]	Top 16
2010 [47]	Emma Britt Waldron [68]	Ireland [48]	3rd Runner-up
2011	Gabriela Pulgar [69]	Chile [lower-alpha 1][69]	Top 20
2012	Yu Wenxia [71][72]	China PR [71][72]	Miss World 2012 [73]
2013 [74]	Vania Larissa [75]	Indonesia [75]	Top 10
2014 [53]	Dewi Liana Seriestha[76][77]	Malaysia [77]	Top 25
2015	Lisa Punch [78][79][80]	Guyana [78][80]	Top 10
2016

Miss World Top Model

The Miss World Top Model is a modeling fast track competition at the Miss World Pageant.^[81] The competition was first held in 2004, but not in 2005-2006. It has been held since 2007; the winner of the competition automatically qualifies for the semifinals.

Year	Winner	Represented	Placement at MW
2004	Yessica Ramírez	Mexico	Top 15
2007	Zhang Zilin	China PR	Miss World 2007
2008 [37]	Ksenia Sukhinova	Russia	Miss World 2008 [37]
2009	Perla Beltrán	Mexico	1st Runner-up
2010 [47]	Mariann Birkedal	Norway	Top 7
2011	Zhanna Zhumaliyeva	Kazakhstan	Top 15
2012	Atong Demach	South Sudan	Top 7
2013	Megan Young [82]	Philippines	Miss World 2013
2014 [53]	Isidora Borovčanin	Bosnia & Herzegovina
2015 [83]	Mireia Lalaguna	Spain	Miss World 2015
2016

Pageant controversies

1970s – 1990s

The Miss World pageant has been the target of many controversies since its inception.

• In 1970, feminist protesters threw flour bombs during the live event at London's Royal Albert Hall, momentarily alarming the host, Bob Hope.^[84][85]
• The 1973 winner, Marjorie Wallace, was stripped of her title on 8 March 1974, because she had failed to fulfill the basic requirements of the job. The Miss World organizers did not elect someone to serve in her place.^[86]
• In 1976, several countries went on a boycott, because the pageant included both a Caucasian and African representative for South Africa.^[87] South Africa competed for the last time in 1977, before it was welcomed back in 1991 as Apartheid disintegrated.^[88]
• The 1980 winner Gabriella Brum of Germany resigned one day after winning, initially claiming her boyfriend disapproved. A few days later it emerged that she had been forced to resign after it was discovered that she posed naked for a magazine.^[89]
• In 1996, wide-scale protests took place in Bangalore, India, over the hosting of the beauty contest. The swimsuit shootings were moved to the Seychelles, and heavy security was placed. Despite the chaos, the pageant's live telecast went on smoothly.^[90][91][92]

Nigeria 2002

In the year leading up the finals in Nigeria, several European title holders lobbied their governments and the EU parliament to support Amina Lawal's cause.^[93] A number of contestants followed the lead of Kathrine Sørland of Norway in boycotting the contest (despite the controversy Sørland would go on to become a semi-finalist in both the Miss World and Miss Universe contest), while others such as Costa Rica were instructed by their national governments and parliaments not to attend the contest. Among the other boycotting nations were Denmark, Spain, Switzerland, Panama, Belgium and Kenya. There was further controversy over the possibly suspended participation of France and South Africa, which may or may not have been due to the boycott.^[94] For her part, Lawal asked that contestants not suspend their participation in the contest, saying that it was for the good of her country and that they could, as the representative of Sweden had earlier remarked, make a much stronger case for her on the ground in Nigeria.^[95]

Despite the increasing international profile the boycott was garnering in the world press, the contest went ahead in Nigeria after being rescheduled to avoid taking place during Ramadan, with many prominent nations sending delegates. Osmel Sousa of Venezuela, one of the world's most influential national directors, famously said "there is no question about it (the participation of Miss Venezuela in the contest)." The trouble did not end there, however. A ThisDay (Lagos, Nigeria) newspaper editorial suggesting that Muhammad would probably have chosen one of his wives from among the contestants had he been alive to see it, resulted in inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in which over 200 people were killed in the city of Kaduna, along with many houses of worship being burned by religious zealots.^[96] Because of these riots, the 2002 pageant was moved to London, following widely circulated reports that the representatives of Canada and Korea had withdrawn from the contest and returned to their respective countries out of safety concerns. A fatwa urging the beheading of the woman who wrote the offending words, Isioma Daniel, was issued in Nigeria, but was declared null and void by the relevant Saudi Arabian authorities.^{[97][98][99][100]} Upon the pageant's return to England, many of the boycotting contestants chose to attend, including Miss Norway, Kathrine Sørland, who was ironically tipped in the last few days as the number one favourite for the crown she had previously boycotted.^{[101][102][103][104][105]}

The eventual winner of the pageant was Azra Akın of Turkey, the first predominantly Muslim country to hold the title since Egypt in 1954.^[106]

China 2015

Anastasia Lin, a Falun Gong practitioner, was willing and entitled to participate in the event as Miss World Canada, and the pageant still listed her as a contestant. However, up to the last minute, Lin waited for an official invitation that was necessary for Chinese visa application, but to no avail and hence missed the official deadline of 20 November 2015 for entry to the pageant and was declared persona non grata by the Chinese government. Lin had openly criticized China's human rights violations. She is allowed by the Miss World Organization to compete at Miss World 2016.^[107]

Miss World hosts and artists

The following is a list Miss World hosts and invited artists through the years.

Miss World hosts and artists

Year Hosts Artists 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 Eric Morley 1959 Bob Hope 1960 Bob Hope Herald Trumpeters of the Royal Artillery[108] 1961 Michael Aspel Bob Hope [109] 1962, 1963, 1964 Michael Aspel 1965 David Jacobs, Michael Aspel Ronnie Carroll, Lionel Blair[110] 1966 Peter West, Michael Aspel The Three Monarchs, Mark Wynter[111] 1967 Simon Dee, Michael Aspel Malcolm Roberts, Los Zafiros[112] 1968 Michael Aspel, commentary by Keith Fordyce Gene Pitney[113] 1969 Michael Aspel, Pete Murray Frank Ifield, The Roy Budd Trio, Lionel Blair[114] 1970 Bob Hope,[115][116] Michael Aspel, Keith Fordyce 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 Michael Aspel and David Vine 1975 David Vine and Ray Moore 1976 Sacha Distel, Patrick Lichfield, and Ray Moore 1977 Andy Williams, and Ray Moore 1978 Sacha Distel and Paul Burnett 1979 Sacha Distel, Esther Rantzen, Germaine Greer and Ray Moore 1980 Peter Marshall, Judith Chalmers and Anthony Newley Anthony Newley and The Dougie Squires Dancers 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985 Peter Marshall and Judith Chalmers 1981 – Julio Iglesias and The Dougie Squires Dancers 1982 – The Three Degrees 1983 – Leo Sayer and The Ken Warwick Dancers 1984 – The Drifters and The Ken Warwick Dancers 1985 – Jack Jones and The Ken Warwick Dancers 1986 Peter Marshall and Mary Stävin Five Star and The Ken Warwick Dancers 1987 Peter Marshall and Alexandra Bastedo Rick Astley and The Ken Warwick Dancers 1988 Peter Marshall and Alexandra Bastedo Koreana and Donny Osmond 1989 Peter Marshall, Alexandra Bastedo and John Davidson Aswad 1990 Peter Marshall and Michelle Rocca Jason Donovan and Richard Clayderman 1991 Peter Marshall and Gina Tolleson Indecent Obsession 1992 Billy Dee Williams, Jerry Hall, Deborah Shelton, Doreen Morris and Suanne Braun Abigail Kubheka, Sophia Foster, MarcAlex, Mara Louw, Paul Buckby, Malie Kelly, Leslie Klein-Smith and Soweto String Quartet 1993 Pierce Brosnan,[117] Doreen Morris, Kim Alexis and Gina Tolleson George Benson, Crissy Caine, Jon Cecil, Sam Marais, PJ Powers and Vicky Sampson 1994 Richard Steinmetz, Suanne Braun and Bronson Pinchot David Abbate, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Johnny Clegg, Free Flight Dance Company and Ladysmith Black Mambazo 1995 Richard Steinmetz, Jeff Trachta and Bobbie Eakes Caught in the Act 1996 Richard Steinmetz and Ruby Bhatia Alisha Chinnai 1997 Richard Steinmetz and Khanyi Dhlomo Mkhize Ricky Martin 1998 Eden Harel and Ronan Keating Boyzone and Errol Brown 1999 Ulrika Jonsson and Melanie Sykes Robert Palmer, Westlife and Enrique Iglesias 2000 Jerry Springer and Rebecca de Alba Bryan Ferry, bond, Leonard Cohen and S Club 7 2001 Jerry Springer and Claire Elizabeth Smith Umoja 2002 Sean Kanan and Claire Elizabeth Smith Chayanne and BBMak 2003 Phil Keoghan, Amanda Byram[118] and Angela Chow Luis Fonsi, Bryan Ferry, Morrissey and Wuhan Acrobatic Troupe 2004 Troy McClain, Angela Chow and Lisa Snowdon Lionel Richie and Il Divo 2005 Tim Vincent and Angela Chow Alexander O’Neal and Beijing Singing & Dancing Theatre 2006 Tim Vincent, Angela Chow and Grazyna Torbicka Westlife, Robin Gibb and Amici 2007 Fernando Allende and Angela Chow Duncan James, Haikou Artistic Group, The South African Mvezo Choir and No. 9 Primary School of Sanya 2008 Tumisho Masha and Angela Chow McFly, Alesha Dixon, Jeanette Winterson 2009 Angela Chow, Michelle McLean, Steve Douglas[119][120] Umoja, Gang of Instrumentals 2010 Angela Chow,[121] Steve Douglas Shayne Ward,[122] Dave Koz, Carlos Aponte[123] 2011 Angela Chow,[124] Jason Cook, Steve Douglas Diversity,[125] Blue,[126] Ramin Karimloo 2012 Myleene Klass,[127] Jason Cook,[128] Lily Wu, Ni Ran Mutu, Steve Douglas Rodrick Dixon, Huhehaote Youth Horse Cello Troupe 2013 Myleene Klass, Kamal Ibrahim, Daniel Mananta, Amanda Zevannya, Steve Douglas Matt Cardle,[129] Blue,[129][130] GIGI Art of Dance, Soerya Soemirat Dance Group, Iskandar Widjaja, Maylaffayza 2014 Tim Vincent, Megan Young,[131] Frankie Cena, Steve Douglas Sky Blu,[132] The Vamps[133] 2015 Tim Vincent, Megan Young,[131] Angela Chow,[134] Steve Douglas Yu Wenxia,[135] The Wholls,[136] Julian Believe[134] 2016 Steve Douglas

Most Successful Miss World

Aishwarya Rai was crowned Most Successful Miss World by the Miss World Organisation during the 2014 ceremony. She attended the celebration with her husband Abhishek Bachchan, daughter Aaaradhya and mother Brinda Rai.^[137]

See also

• Beauty with a Purpose – a registered charity and a non-profit organisation associated with Miss World that raises money and participates in humanitarian projects across the world

Notes

1. ↑ "... Miss England was Miss World 2011 Beach Beauty, Kazakhstan was Miss World 2011 Top Model, while Miss World 2011 Talent title went to Miss Chile ..."^[70]

References

1. ↑ Michael Smith. "Miss World Competition Says No to Bikini Yes to Sarong". Guardian Liberty Voice. Retrieved 26 January 2016. 
2. ↑ "Miss Universe on August 23". Timesofmalta.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
3. ↑ Paul Lewis (11 November 2000). "Eric Morley, 82, Miss World Promoter, Dies". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 October 2013. 
4. ↑ "Pageant News Bureau – Miss World: A long, glittering history". Pageant.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
5. ↑ "Tianjin Miss World China Pageant comes to a close". China Daily. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
6. ↑ "Brazil's Miss World finalist has her hands and feet amputated". English.pravda.ru. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
7. ↑ Sylvia Toh Paik Choo (24 June 2008). "MISS Singapore Universe". Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2013. 
8. ↑ "Tracing the regal existence of 'Miss Universe'". Spicezee.com. 7 October 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
9. ↑ Mandelson, Will (19 December 2015). [Miss Spain Mireia Lalaguna Royo Is Crowned Miss World 2015 "http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/miss-spain-mireia-lalaguna-royo-is-crowned-miss-world-2015-w160070"] Check |url= value (help). Us Weekly. Retrieved 20 November 2016.  External link in |title= (help)
10. ↑ Stein, Elissa; Meriwether, Lee (2006). Beauty Queen. Chronicle Books. p. 45. ISBN 0-8118-4864-7. 
11. ↑ Dewey, Susan (2008). Making Miss India Miss World. Syracuse University Press. p. 46. ISBN 0-8156-3176-6. 
12. ↑ "Frontline World: A Pageant is Born". Pbs.org. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
13. ↑ "Bet on Miss World Pageant". Covers.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
14. 1 2 Lovegrove, Keith (2002). Pageant: The Beauty Contest. teNeues. p. 1967. ISBN 3-8238-5569-7. 
15. ↑ "Selvedge: The Fabric of Your Life". Selvedge Ltd. 2005: 39. 
16. ↑ Marcus, Ben; Divine, Jeff (2005). Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time. MVP Books. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-89658-690-1. 
17. ↑ Magnanti, Brooke (7 June 2013). "Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists". Telegraph. Retrieved 22 August 2013. 
18. ↑ Shin, Han (2004). Beauty with a Purpose. iUniverse. p. 193. ISBN 0-595-30926-7. 
19. ↑ "Bikini ban at Miss World pageant". Retrieved 8 June 2013. 
20. ↑
    • Rees, Nigel (1990). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Popular Phrases. London: Bloomsbury. p. 116. ISBN 0747503443. 
21. ↑ "Miss World gets a makeover". news.bbc.co.uk. BBC News. 9 September 1998. Retrieved 9 October 2013. 
22. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – Women's History Timeline: 1960 – 1969". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 March 2014. 
23. ↑ "Tiza.com. Miss World". Tiza.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
24. ↑ "Should the Miss World pageant have gone ahead?". BBC News. 9 December 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
25. ↑ "Mayor's frosty reception for Miss World". BBC News. 26 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
26. ↑ Brooke Magnanti. Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists. Telegraph Media Group 7 Jun 2013
27. ↑ Miss World contest history
28. ↑ "Miss World facts". Worldcountrylink.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
29. ↑ "Miss World Riots in Nigeria". Democracynow.org. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
30. ↑ "Nigerian woman fights stoning". BBC News. 8 July 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
31. ↑ "ElEconomista.es. Miss World Organisation and Mauj Telecom Ink Global Deal on Mobile Content and Applications". El Economista. 6 June 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
32. ↑ "philanthropymagazine.com". Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
33. ↑ "Miss Trinidad and Tobago is new Miss World". Boca Raton News. 14 November 1986. Retrieved 26 January 2016. 
34. ↑ "Newly crowned Miss Namibia 2009, Happie Ntelamo". The Economist .na. 19 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
35. ↑ "Warsaw-life.com. Miss World comes to Warsaw". Warsaw-life.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
36. ↑ Billings, S. (2013). Language, Globalization and the Making of a Tanzanian Beauty Queen. Encounters (Bristol, England). Channel View Publications. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-78309-075-4. 
37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Manago, Lito (15 December 2008). "Miss Russia wins Miss World 2008; Philippines fails to make it in semi-finals". Yes!. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
38. ↑ Lange, Maggie (18 December 2014). "Miss World Pageant Axes Swimsuit Portion". New York Magazine. Retrieved 22 December 2014. 
39. 1 2 3 4 AFP (5 December 2003). "Competition heating up ahead of Miss World finals tomorrow - News". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
40. ↑ Harding, David (8 March 2015). "Miss World Rosanna Davison says Pilates has made her taller". NY Daily News. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
41. ↑ "Beach Beauty". Daily News. 2 December 2004. Retrieved 8 June 2016. 
42. 1 2 "Contestant of the 55th Miss World 2005, Yulia Ivanova of Russia...". Getty Images. 6 December 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
43. 1 2 "Czech beauty wins Miss World 2006". Hurriyet Daily News. 2 October 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
44. 1 2 "Beach bod beauty!". Jamaica Gleaner News. 12 November 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
45. 1 2 "Miss World 2009 Beach Beauty". India Today. 26 November 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
46. ↑ "Kaiane Aldorino from Gibraltar named Miss World". NY Daily News. 12 December 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
47. 1 2 3 4 "Tshuma settles in well at Miss World". NewsDay. 13 October 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
48. 1 2 3 "Miss US crowned Miss World 2010, India fails to make a mark". dna. 30 October 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
49. ↑ "Miss Philippines is runner-up in Miss World in London". GMA News Online. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
50. ↑ Sinha, Sanskrity (17 August 2012). "Miss World 2012: Top 10 Beach Beauty Contestants [SLIDESHOW]". International Business Times. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
51. 1 2 Sinha, Sanskrity (10 September 2013). "Miss World 2013: Top 10 Beach Fashion Contestants [PHOTOS]". International Business Times. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
52. 1 2 3 4 "Megan Young places in 3 of 5 Miss World challenges". Rappler. 27 September 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
53. 1 2 3 4 Mehta, Ankita (11 December 2014). "Miss World 2014: Top 5 Contestants of Top Model, Beach Fashion, Talent, Sports and Multimedia Revealed". International Business Times, India Edition. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
54. 1 2 3 John, Simi (12 December 2014). "Miss World 2014: Top 5 Contestants of Top Model, Beach Fashion, Multimedia, Talent and Sports Announced". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
55. ↑ "Miss Venezuela wins Miss World Pageant". Lakeland Ledger. 19 November 1995. Retrieved 27 June 2016. 
56. 1 2 "Contestant from India is thrilled to be Miss World pageant winner". Reading Eagle. 24 November 1997. Retrieved 27 June 2016. 
57. ↑ "Miss World to be crowned in China". Gulf News. 30 October 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2014. 
58. 1 2 John, Simi (17 December 2015). "Miss World 2015: Top 10 People's Choice contestants revealed; how to vote for your favourite beauty queen". International Business Times. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
59. 1 2 Adina, Armin P. (20 December 2015). "PH's Miss World bet tops 'multimedia' event; Spain wins crown". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
60. ↑ "Steffi makes top 30 in Miss World talent round". Namibian Sun. 4 December 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
61. ↑ Vries, Lloyd (8 October 2002). "Battlin' Beauties Accept Decision". CBS News. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
62. 1 2 "Miss World 2004 Prepares To Be Crowned Pictures". Getty Images. 19 June 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
63. 1 2 "Contestant of the 55th Miss World 2005, Kmisha-Victoria Counts of...". Getty Images. 6 December 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
64. 1 2 Brankin, Una (26 March 2016). "How Miss Northern Ireland changed our lives forever". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
65. 1 2 "Miss Ghana is Miss World Talent". Ghana HomePage, resource for News, Sports, Facts, Opinions, Business and Entertainment. 1 December 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
66. ↑ "Miss World 2008: More than just pretty faces". News18. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
67. 1 2 3 "Miss Gibraltar crowned Miss World' 09, Pooja Chopra is beauty with a purpose". The Economic Times. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
68. ↑ "Sixty years on, how Miss World survived racism, feminism... and George Best". Independent.ie. 29 October 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
69. 1 2 "Miss Philippines is runner-up in Miss World in London". GMA News Online. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
70. ↑ "Tanzania: Miss Tanzania Flops At Miss World Show". AllAfrica.com. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2016.  (subscription required)
71. 1 2 "Chinas Wen Xia Yu wins Miss World 2012 title, Vanya Mishra loses". India Today. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
72. 1 2 Umbao, Ed (19 August 2012). "Miss World 2012 List of Winners Revealed". Philippine News. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
73. ↑ "China's Yu Wenxia, 23, crowned Miss World 2012". CTVNews. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
74. ↑ "Miss Philippines crowned the new Miss World". CNN. 28 September 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
75. 1 2 "Miss World 2013: Top Contestants of Talent Competition Revealed [PHOTOS]". International Business Times. 17 September 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
76. ↑ Ten, Marilyn (16 December 2015). "A First for Malaysia - Dewi is Miss Talent at Miss World Finals". Borneo Post Online. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 
77. 1 2 singh, Sonalee (15 December 2014). "Miss World 2014 Final: Miss Talent Winner Is Miss Malaysia Dewi Liana Seriestha, Know Everything About Her". International Business Times AU. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
78. 1 2 John, Simi (15 December 2015). "Miss World 2015: Miss Guyana Lisa Punch becomes Talent Champion ahead of main competition". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
79. ↑ "Miss Guyana World Wins Talent Contest". Miss World Guyana. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 
80. 1 2 Horton, Helena (20 December 2015). "Miss World 2015: Spain wins and England doesn't make the Top 20". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
81. ↑ "Miss World Top Model announced". India Today. 2 December 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
82. ↑ Almario, Manuel (27 September 2013). "Miss World Top Model is Young". Gulf News. Retrieved 8 June 2016. 
83. ↑ "Miss World 2015: Top 10 designer dresses of contestants announced". International Business Times. 12 December 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
84. ↑ "Miss World 2006". Retrieved 26 January 2016. 
85. ↑ "L–ast milestone on a record-breaking comedy Road ... Bob Hope dies at 100". Buzzle.com. 29 July 2003. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
86. ↑ Miss World is stripped of her title
87. ↑ "Miss World 1976". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
88. ↑ "Miss World 1977". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
89. ↑ "Miss World 1980". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
90. ↑ "CNN - Miss Greece now Miss World, despite pageant protests - Nov. 23, 1996". 17 December 2003. Archived from the original on 17 December 2003. Retrieved 19 June 2016.  CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
91. ↑ "Indian police prepare for worst in beauty pageant clash". CNN. 22 November 1996. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
92. ↑ "Beauty pageant in India becomes a contest of wills". CNN. 22 November 1996. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
93. ↑ "As Miss World Turns". The Nation. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
94. ↑ "Miss World 2002". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
95. ↑ "Woman sentenced to stoning freed". CNN. 26 September 2003. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
96. ↑ "Nigeria riots toll 'passes 200'". BBC News. 24 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
97. ↑ "Miss World 2002 – The World at their Feet". Isioma.net. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
98. ↑ Isioma Daniel (17 February 2003). "Nigerian journalist Isioma Daniel tells her story". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
99. ↑ "Nigeria's journalist on the run". BBC News. 27 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
100. ↑ "Miss World and Islam: "Fatwa" and Isioma Daniel a Nigerian "Fatwa"". Nigeria World. 26 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
101. ↑ "Contestants boycott Miss World". Modern Gent. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
102. ↑ "– Don't boycott Nigeria's Miss World contest, begs mother facing stoning". Telegraph.co.uk. 7 December 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2014. 
103. ↑ "– Contestants threaten Miss World boycott over stoning". Telegraph.co.uk. 7 December 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2014. 
104. ↑ "Nigeria faces Miss World boycott threat". BBC News. 27 August 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
105. ↑ "Miss World Nigeria boycott spreads". BBC News. 6 September 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
106. ↑ "Miss World". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
107. ↑ "Miss World Canada blocked from contest due to China visa denial". Retrieved 19 June 2016. 
108. ↑ "Miss World 1960".  BBC Genome Project Retrieved 2016-6-24
109. ↑ Lumenick, Lou (31 October 2014). "Bob Hope, sex machine, 'often cheated' during his 69-year marriage". New York Post. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
110. ↑ "Miss World 1965".  BBC Genome Project Retrieved 2016-6-24
111. ↑ "Miss World 1966".  BBC Genome Project Retrieved 2016-6-24
112. ↑ "Miss World 1967".  BBC Genome Project Retrieved 2016-6-24
113. ↑ "Miss World 1968".  BBC Genome Project Retrieved 2016-6-24
114. ↑ "Miss World 1969".  BBC Genome Project Retrieved 2016-6-24
115. ↑ Hylton, S. (2015). The Little Book of the 1970s. Little Book. History Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-7509-6322-0. 
116. ↑ Kurmelovs, Royce (18 April 2016). "The 'Modern' Miss World Competition Is Still Boring and Sexist". Vice. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
117. ↑ Associated Press (29 November 1993). "Ruffa is 2nd runner-up in Miss World Competition". Manila Standard. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
118. ↑ "Miss World pageant to be televised live". Gulf News. 5 December 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
119. ↑ "Miss World 2009 Contestants". The Huffington Post. 18 March 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
120. ↑ Bustillo, Deena (12 December 2009). "Angela Chow, Miss World Host, Pics and Bio". Zimbio. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
121. ↑ "Người đẹp Mỹ giành vương miện Hoa hậu Thế giới". Tiền Phong (in Vietnamese). 30 October 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
122. ↑ Eimer, David (30 October 2010). "Miss USA crowned Miss World amid political tensions". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
123. ↑ "Miss US crowned Miss World 2010, India fails to make a mark". Daily News and Analysis. 30 October 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2016. 
124. ↑ "Venezuela's Ivian Sarcos is Miss World 2011". News18. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
125. ↑ Mason, Rowena (7 November 2011). "Miss Venezuela crowned Miss World 2011, but 200 protest outside". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
126. ↑ "Miss World's most random celebrity performers". The Sun. Retrieved 22 June 2016. Blue perform at Miss World 2011. 
127. ↑ "Miss World 2012 host Mylene Klass (L) of Britain holds a microphone for Miss World 2011 winner Ivian Sarcos of Venezuela". Getty Images. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
128. ↑ "Jason Cook online". Jasoncookonline.net. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
129. 1 2 Fennelly, Gary (22 September 2013). "Miss Northern Ireland Meagan Green prepares for Miss World 2013 final in Bali Indonesia". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
130. ↑ "Miss World 2013 crown goes to Miss Philippines". The Express Tribune. 28 September 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
131. 1 2 "Miss World 2015: Megan Young to host beauty pageant". Daily Pakistan Global. 19 December 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
132. ↑ Heller, Corinne (14 December 2014). "Miss World 2014 Winner Is Miss South Africa, Rolene Strauss". E! Online. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
133. ↑ Marsh, Harriet (14 December 2014). "Miss England misses out on 2014 Miss World crown". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
134. 1 2 "Miss Spain is new Miss World". The Manila Times. 20 December 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
135. ↑ Pawar, Rushali (19 December 2015). "Miss World 2015 Grand Finale: Live stream the ceremony [VIDEO]". International Business Times, India Edition. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
136. ↑ West, Victoria (21 December 2015). "Picture Gallery: Bedford band The Wholls performs at Miss World". Bedford Today. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 
137. ↑ "Aishwarya Rai: most successful Miss World ever". MSN. 18 December 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2016. 

Further reading

• Hunters, Story (16 May 2016). "Miss World: Old-fashioned, sexist beauty contest or advancing feminism's cause?". ABC News. Retrieved 21 June 2016. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miss World.

• Official website

Miss World
1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Titleholders Hosts & Invited Artists Editions

Miss World titleholders
1951–1959	Kiki Håkansson (1951) May-Louise Flodin (1952) Denise Perrier (1953) Antigone Costanda (1954) Susana Duijm (1955) Petra Schürmann (1956) Marita Lindahl (1957) Penelope Coelen (1958) Corine Rottschäfer (1959)
1960–1979	Norma Cappagli (1960) Rosemarie Frankland (1961) Catharina Lodders (1962) Carole Crawford (1963) Ann Sidney (1964) Lesley Langley (1965) Reita Faria (1966) Madeline Hartog-Bel (1967) Penelope Plummer (1968) Eva Rueber-Staier (1969) Jennifer Hosten (1970) Lúcia Petterle (1971) Belinda Green (1972) Marjorie Wallace (1973) Helen Morgan/Anneline Kriel (1974) Wilnelia Merced (1975) Cindy Breakspeare (1976) Mary Stävin (1977) Silvana Suárez (1978) Gina Swainson (1979)
1980–1999	Gabriella Brum/Kimberley Santos (1980) Pilín León (1981) Mariasela Álvarez (1982) Sarah-Jane Hutt (1983) Astrid Carolina Herrera (1984) Hólmfríður Karlsdóttir (1985) Giselle Laronde (1986) Ulla Weigerstorfer (1987) Linda Pétursdóttir (1988) Aneta Kręglicka (1989) Gina Tolleson (1990) Ninibeth Leal (1991) Julia Kourotchkina (1992) Lisa Hanna (1993) Aishwarya Rai (1994) Jacqueline Aguilera (1995) Irene Skliva (1996) Diana Hayden (1997) Linor Abargil (1998) Yukta Mookhey (1999)
2000–2019	Priyanka Chopra (2000) Agbani Darego (2001) Azra Akın (2002) Rosanna Davison (2003) María Julia Mantilla (2004) Unnur Vilhjálmsdóttir (2005) Taťána Kuchařová (2006) Zhang Zilin (2007) Ksenia Sukhinova (2008) Kaiane Aldorino (2009) Alexandria Mills (2010) Ivian Sarcos (2011) Yu Wenxia (2012) Megan Young (2013) Rolene Strauss (2014) Mireia Lalaguna (2015) TBA (2016)
Complete list (1951–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

Miss World participant countries and territories
Active (1951–present)	Albania Angola Argentina Aruba Australia Austria Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Bermuda Bolivia Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Cayman Islands Chad Chile China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo DR Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Curaçao Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador England Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Guadeloupe Guam Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia FYRO Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Martinique Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Northern Ireland Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Romania Russia Rwanda Samoa Scotland Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka St. Kitts & Nevis St. Lucia Sweden Switzerland Tanzania Thailand Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United States Uruguay US Virgin Islands Venezuela Vietnam Wales Zambia Zimbabwe
Inactive	Algeria (2002) Andorra (2003) Antigua & Barbuda (2008) Bonaire (2012) Cape Verde (2010) Cambodia (2006) Cuba (2011) Estonia (2005) Gambia (1986) Greenland (1992) Grenada (2007) Guernsey (1975) Hawaii (2001) Isle of Man (1988) Jersey (1981) Jordan (1981) Monaco (1955) Montserrat (1964) Morocco (1968) Northern Marianas (2003) Papua New Guinea (1990) São Tomé and Príncipe (2014) St. Barthelemy (2011) St. Martin (2001) St. Vincent and Grenadines (1994) Suriname (2011) Swaziland (2009) Syria (1966) Tahiti (2010) Tonga (1986) Turks & Caicos (2004) Uzbekistan (2013)

Major international pageants
Miss Universe (List) Miss World (List) Miss Earth (List) Miss International (List)