Miniature Schnauzer

Miniature Schnauzer

Classic pose of a Miniature Schnauzer. This dog has a natural (stripped) salt and pepper coat, natural ears and docked tail.
Other names	Zwergschnauzer (Dwarf Schnauzer)
Origin	Germany
Traits Weight Male 11 to 18 lb (5.0 to 8.2 kg)[1] Female 10 to 15 lb (4.5 to 6.8 kg)[1] Height Male 14 in (35.6 cm)[1][2] Female 13 in (33.0 cm)[1][2] Coat Harsh and wiry when hand stripped, soft and curly when unclipped Color Black, salt-and-pepper, black-and-silver, white Litter size 3 to 8 pups Life span 12 to 14 years[1][2]
Classification / standards FCI Group 2, Section 1.2 Schnauzer #183 standard AKC Terrier standard ANKC Group 6 - Utility standard CKC Group 4 - Terriers standard KC (UK) Utility standard NZKC Utility standard UKC Terrier standard
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The Miniature Schnauzer is a breed of small dog of the Schnauzer type that originated in Germany in the mid-to-late 19th century. Miniature Schnauzers developed from crosses between the Standard Schnauzer and one or more smaller breeds such as the Poodle and Affenpinscher, as farmers bred a small dog that was an efficient ratting dog. They are described as "spunky"^[1] but aloof dogs, with good guarding tendencies without some guard dogs' predisposition to bite. Miniature Schnauzers are recognized in three colors internationally: solid black, black and silver, and a color known as 'salt and pepper'. There is a controversial fourth color variant in Miniature Schnauzers, pure white, which is not recognized universally.

The breed remains one of the most popular worldwide, primarily for its temperament and relatively small size. As of 2013 it is the 17th most popular breed in the U.S.

History

The earliest records surrounding development of the Standard Schnauzer in Germany come from the late 19th century. They were originally bred to be medium-sized farm dogs in Germany, equally suited to ratting, herding, and guarding property.^[1] As time passed, farmers bred the Standard Schnauzer into a smaller, more compact size for ratting by combining it with the Affenpinscher and Miniature Poodle.^[1][3] The first recorded Miniature Schnauzer appeared in 1888, and the first exhibition was held in 1899.^[3][4]

The AKC accepted registration of the new breed in 1926, two years after Miniature Schnauzers were introduced to the United States.^[5][4] They were originally known as Wirehaired Pinschers.^[6] International Kennel Club classifications vary; in the United Kingdom and Australia they fall within the Utility Group, while in Canada they are in the Working Group. In the AKC the Miniature Schnauzer is classed with the terriers.^[4] It was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 1948 and also classed as a terrier.^[7] The start of the modern Miniature Schnauzer is generally considered to begin with Ch. Dorem Display, the first Miniature Schnauzer to win Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.^[8] He was born 5 April 1945 and lived to be nearly fourteen.^[8] Almost every living Miniature Schnauzer in America can trace its lineage back to Dorem Display.^[8]

Miniature Schnauzers were the 11th most popular breed in the U.S. in 2008, falling to 16th most popular in 2015.^[9]

Description

Solid black adult Miniature Schnauzer

Appearance

Miniature Schnauzers have a very square-shaped build, measuring 13 to 14 inches (33 to 36 cm) tall and weighing 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 6.8 kg) for females and 11 to 18 pounds (5.0 to 8.2 kg) for males.^[1] They have a double coat, with wiry exterior fur and a soft undercoat. In show trim, the coat is kept short on the body, but the fur on the ears, legs, belly, and face is retained.^[10] Recognized coat colors are black, salt and pepper, black and silver, and pure white.^[11]

Miniature Schnauzers are often described as non-moulting dogs, and while this is not entirely true, their shedding is minimal and generally unnoticeable. They are characterized by a rectangular head with bushy beard, mustache and eyebrows; teeth that meet in a "scissor bite"; oval and dark colored eyes; and v-shaped, natural forward-folding ears (when cropped, the ears point straight upward and come to a sharp point). Their tails are naturally thin and short, and may be docked (where permitted). They will also have very straight, rigid front legs, and feet that are short and round (so-called "cat feet") with thick, black pads.^[5][12]

Docking of tails and cropping of ears has become a controversial practice, especially for non-working dogs, and is now illegal or restricted in a number of countries worldwide.^[13]

North American white Schnauzer controversy

A white Miniature Schnauzer

The white Schnauzer is one of four color varieties of the Miniature Schnauzer currently recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. However, they are not accepted for conformation showing by the American Kennel Club and Canadian Kennel Club.^[14] The controversy rests on the disputed origins of the white variation: whether it was contained within the genes of the originally recognized breed, or whether it was the result of subsequent modifications. Since the other two Schnauzer types have never been available in a white variation, and the original German standard never included white as an acceptable color, the AMSC chooses not to recognize white.^[15]

Temperament

The American Kennel Club breed standard describes temperament as "alert and spirited, yet obedient to command... friendly, intelligent and willing to please... never overaggressive or timid."^[5] Usually easy to train, they tend to be excellent watchdogs with a good territorial instinct, but more inclined toward barking than biting. They are often aloof with strangers until the owners of the home welcome the guest, upon which they are typically very friendly to them.^[16]

They are highly playful dogs, and, if not given the outlet required for their energy, they can become bored and invent their own "fun". Miniature Schnauzers can compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, and tracking. Schnauzers have a high prey drive, which means they may attack other small pets such as birds, snakes, and rodents. Many will also attack cats, but this may be curbed with training, or if the dog is raised with cats.^[5]

Health and grooming

Adult black-and-silver with natural ears; the long eyebrows and full beard are trademark grooming characteristics

A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of Miniature Schnauzers at a little over 12 years. About 20% lived to >15 years.^[17] While generally a healthy breed, Miniature Schnauzers may suffer health problems associated with high fat levels. Such problems include hyperlipidemia, which may increase the possibility of pancreatitis, though either may form independently. Other issues which may affect this breed are diabetes, bladder stones and eye problems. Feeding the dog low- or non-fatty and unsweetened foods may help avoid these problems.^[18][19][20] Miniature Schnauzers are also prone to comedone syndrome, a condition that produces pus filled bumps, usually on their backs, which can be treated with a variety of methods.^[21] Miniature Schnauzers should have their ears dried after swimming due to a risk of infection, especially those with uncropped ears; ear examinations should be part of the regular annual check up.^[22] Miniature Schnauzers are also prone to von Willebrand disease (vWD). vWD in dogs is an inherited bleeding disorder that occurs due to qualitative or quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion.^[23]

Schnauzers have a specific groom cut that is standard among the Schnauzer breed. Schnauzers require regular grooming, either by stripping (mostly seen in show dogs), or by clipping (a short-cut usually reserved for family pets). Stripping removes the loose, dead coat; it may be done by hand, called finger stripping, or plucking, or with a stripping knife; either way, it is a laborious process. Many Miniature Schnauzers who are family pets have regular grooming appointments to have their hair clipped; clipping, using a mechanical clippers (or shaver), produces a soft, silky, skin-close trim. Whether stripped or clipped, the coat is close at the body, and falls into a fringe-like foundation on its undercarriage, called furnishings, which can be left to grow, but must be combed regularly. All Schnauzers, whether they are Miniatures, Standards, or Giants, often sport a beard, created by allowing the hair around their noses to grow out. Left unclipped or unstripped, the body hair will grow two to four inches, and will often tangle into mats and curls.^[10]

See also

• Standard Schnauzer
• Giant Schnauzer

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miniature Schnauzer.

• Miniature Schnauzer at DMOZ

Dogs originating in Germany
Hounds	Bavarian Mountain Hound Deutsche Bracke Hanover Hound Westphalian Dachsbracke
Gundogs	German Longhaired Pointer German Shorthaired Pointer German Spaniel German Wirehaired Pointer Large Münsterländer Poodle Pudelpointer Small Münsterländer Weimaraner
Pastoral dogs	German Shepherd Old German Shepherd Dog Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche) White Shepherd
Molossers	Great Dane Hovawart Landseer Leonberger
Utility dogs	Boxer Doberman Pinscher German Pinscher Giant Schnauzer Rottweiler Standard Schnauzer
Earth dogs	Dachshund Jagdterrier Miniature Schnauzer
Toy dogs	Affenpinscher German Spitz (Klein) German Spitz (Mittel) Löwchen Miniature Pinscher Pomeranian
Miscellaneous	American Eskimo Dog Elo Eurasier German Spitz Keeshond Kromfohrländer
Extinct	Bullenbeisser