Milan Kučan
| Milan Kučan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st President of Slovenia | |
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In office 8 October 1991 – 22 December 2002 | |
| Prime Minister |
Lojze Peterle Janez Drnovšek Andrej Bajuk Janez Drnovšek Anton Rop |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Janez Drnovšek |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
14 January 1941 Križevci, Drava Banovina, Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
| Spouse(s) | Štefka Kučan |
| Religion | Lutheran |
Milan Kučan (pronounced [ˈmíːlaŋ ˈkúːt͡ʃan];[1][2] born 14 January 1941) is a Slovenian politician and statesman who was the first President of Slovenia from 1991 to 2002.
Early life and political beginnings
Milan Kučan, one of five children, was born in a Lutheran teachers' family. He was raised in the village of Križevci, located in the largely agrarian border region of Prekmurje in the Drava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (present-day Slovenia). His father Koloman died during World War II. Kučan's family spent World War II in occupied Serbia, where over 58,000 other Slovenes were resettled from Slovenia by the Nazis.
Milan Kučan later studied law at the University of Ljubljana and soon became involved in the Communist political organizations of the time. In 1968, he became the president of the Slovene Youth Association, then secretary of the Socialist Alliance of the Working People of Slovenia (a central organization, created to unite all civil society associations under one roof) between 1974 and 1978. He rose to speaker of the National Assembly in 1978, and in 1982 he became representative for the Slovene Communists in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia's Central Committee in Belgrade.
In 1986, he became the leader of the League of Communists of Slovenia. At that time, liberal and democratic sentiment started to grow in Slovenia, as opposed to the political atmosphere of Belgrade and Serbia under Slobodan Milošević. Advocating in favour of human rights and European democratic values and principles, Kučan, his party and Slovenia faced increasingly severe political confrontations with Belgrade and Serbia.[3] On 23 January 1990, Kučan and the Slovene delegation left the Party Congress. This led to the collapse of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, one of the pillars of the political system of the Socialist Yugoslavia.
Political career
Slovenia was the first of the federal units of Yugoslavia to introduce multi-party democracy and the first multi-party elections were held in April 1990. Kučan was elected President of the Presidency, then a collective body, in 1990, in a ballot against the DEMOS candidate Jože Pučnik.
Kučan strongly opposed the preservation of Yugoslavia through violent means. After the concept of a loose confederation had failed to gain support by the republics of Yugoslavia, Kučan favoured a controlled process of non-violent disassociation that would enable the collaboration of the former Yugoslav nations on a new, different basis.
Slovenia declared its independence on 25 June 1991. In his speech on the occasion, Kučan ended with the words: "Today dreams are allowed, tomorrow is a new day." On June 26, Yugoslav army embarked on troop movements that later escalated into the Ten-Day War. At the peace talks began at Brioni, with the European Community as a mediator, the Army started its withdrawal from Slovenia. Kučan represented Slovenia at the peace conference on former Yugoslavia in the Hague and Brussels which concluded that the former Yugoslav nations were free to determine their future as independent states. On May 22, 1992 Kučan represented Slovenia as it became a new member of the United Nations.
After the independence and the international recognition of Slovenia, Kučan was elected as the first President of Slovenia in 1992 with the support of the citizens list. He won another five-year term in 1997-2002, running again as an independent and again winning the majority in the first round.
His presidency ended in December 2002. He was succeeded as President by Janez Drnovšek.
In March 2003 Slovenia held two referendums on joining the EU and NATO. Milan Kučan took an active part in campaigning for these memberships, in order for Slovenia to achieve the goals it had set upon its independence. In May 2004, Slovenia became a full member of both the EU and NATO.
Since November 2004, Kučan has been a member of the Club of Madrid,[4] an association of former democratic statesmen that works to strengthen democratic governance. He chairs the International Collegium together with Michel Rocard, former French Prime Minister. Since 2004 he is the chairman of Forum 21, a Slovene left-wing think-tank reflecting on issues of relevance for the future development of Slovenia and its position in a global society.
Kučan is also a Member of the European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation, a not-for-profit organization established in 2008 to monitor tolerance in Europe and make recommendations on fighting xenophobia and intolerance on the continent.
War profiteering affair
Archive documentation acquired from Bosnia and Herzegovina shows Milan Kučan was implemented in war profiteering.[5] In years 1991 and 1992 Milan Kučan was part of illegal arms trade according to EU and UN resolutions of arms embargo on the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[6] Most of transaction money was cash, which of significant part ended in private persons pockets. [7]
Personal life
Kučan is married to Štefka Kučan and has two daughters.
Honours and awards
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Portugal : Grand Collar of the Order of Infante Dom Henrique (2000) -
Croatia : Knight Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ("For outstanding contribution to the development of interstate relations and friendship between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia.", December 5, 2001) -
Slovakia : Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the Order of the White Double Cross (2001)[8] -
Latvia : Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Three Stars (2002) -
Poland : Order of the White Eagle (2002) -
Estonia : Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana -
Denmark : Knight of the Order of the Elephant
References
- ↑ "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Milan". "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Kučan".
- ↑ Milan in isolation: [ˈmíːlan].
- ↑ Communism O Nationalism!, TIME Magazine, October 24, 1988
- ↑ The Club of Madrid
- ↑ "Ekskluzivno: Milan Kučan odobraval prodajo orožja Bosni za gotovino?". politikis.si. 17 March 2011.
- ↑ "EU arms embargo on the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 23 November 2012.
- ↑ "Kučanova ilegalna trgovina z orožjem". Nova24TV. 22 May 2016.
- ↑ Slovak republic website, State honours : 1st Class in 2001 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Milan Kučan. |
| Party political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Andrej Marinc |
Chairman of the League of Communists of Slovenia 1986–1990 |
Succeeded by Position Abolished |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Janez Stanovnik as President of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia |
(Post created) President of Slovenia 1990–2002 |
Succeeded by Janez Drnovšek |
Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1982-1986) | |
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| Members ex officio as Secretaries of Republic and JNA Central Committees |
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| Presidents of the People's Assembly of SR Slovenia (1945–74) | 
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| Presidents of the Presidency of SR Slovenia (1974–90) |
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| Presidents of Slovenia (1990–present) | |
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