Michael E. Brown

Mike Brown
Born	(1965-06-05) June 5, 1965 Huntsville, Alabama
Nationality	American
Fields	Planetary astronomy
Education	Princeton University, UC Berkeley
Doctoral students	Jean-Luc Margot, Chad Trujillo, Marc Kuchner
Known for	Discovery of Eris and other trans-Neptunian objects How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming
Spouse	Diane Binney
Children	1
Website www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/

Michael E. Brown (born June 5, 1965) is an American astronomer, who has been professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) since 2003.^[1] His team has discovered many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), notably the dwarf planet Eris, the only known TNO more massive than Pluto.^[2] He has referred to himself as the man who "killed Pluto",^[3][4] because he furthered Pluto being downgraded to a dwarf planet in the aftermath of the discovery of Eris and several other probable trans-Neptunian dwarf planets. He is the author of How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming, published in 2010.

Early life

Brown is a Huntsville, Alabama native and graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School in 1983. He earned his A.B. in physics from Princeton University in 1987, where he was a member of the Princeton Tower Club. He did his graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley where he earned an M.A. degree in astronomy in 1990 and a Ph.D. degree in astronomy in 1994.^[1]

Career

Discoveries

Brown is well known in the scientific community for his surveys for distant objects orbiting the Sun. His team has discovered many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Particularly notable are Eris, a dwarf planet and the only TNO known to be more massive than Pluto, leading directly to Pluto's demotion from planet status;^[2][5] Sedna, a planetoid thought to be the first observed body of the inner Öpik–Oort cloud; and Orcus.

Brown's team famously named Eris and its moon Dysnomia with the informal names Xena and Gabrielle, respectively, after the two main characters of Xena: Warrior Princess.

Haumea controversy

Brown and his team also had been observing the dwarf planet Haumea for approximately six months before its announced discovery by José Luis Ortiz Moreno and colleagues from the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain. Brown originally indicated his support for Ortiz's team being given credit for the discovery of Haumea. However, further investigation showed that a website containing archives of where Brown's team's telescopes had been pointed while tracking Haumea had been accessed eight times in the three days preceding Ortiz's announcement, by computers with IP addresses that were traced back to the website of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC, Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia), where Ortiz works, and to e-mail messages sent by Ortiz and his student. These website accesses came a week after Brown had published an abstract for an upcoming conference talk at which he had planned to announce the discovery of Haumea; the abstract referred to Haumea by a code that was the same code used in the online telescope logs; and the Andalusia computers had accessed the logs containing that code directly, as would be the case after an internet search, without going through the home page or other pages of the archives.^[6] When asked about this online activity, Ortiz responded with an email to Brown that suggested Brown was at fault for "hiding objects", and said that "the only reason why we are now exchanging e-mail is because you did not report your object."^[7] Brown says that this statement by Ortiz contradicts the accepted scientific practice of analyzing one's research until one is satisfied that it is accurate, then submitting it to peer review prior to any public announcement. However, the Minor Planet Center only needs precise enough orbit determination on the object in order to provide discovery credit, which Ortiz provided.

The then director of the IAA, José Carlos del Toro, distanced himself from Ortiz, insisting that its researchers have "sole responsibility" for themselves. Brown petitioned the International Astronomical Union to credit his team rather than Ortiz as the discoverers of Haumea. The IAU has deliberately not acknowledged a discoverer of Haumea. The discovery date and location are listed as March 7, 2003 at Ortiz's Sierra Nevada Observatory. However, the IAU accepted Brown's suggested name of Haumea, which fit the names of Haumea's two moons, rather than Ortiz's Ataecina.

Proposed Ninth Planet

In January 2016, Brown and fellow Caltech astronomer, Konstantin Batygin, proposed the existence of Planet Nine, a major planet between the size of Earth and Neptune.^[8] The two astronomers gave a recorded interview in which they described their method and reasoning for proposing Planet 9 on January 20, 2016.^[9]

Other work

In 2010 Brown published a memoir of his discoveries and surrounding family life, How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming.

Honors, awards and accolades

Brown was named one of Time's 100 most influential people of 2006.^[10] In 2007 he received Caltech's annual Feynman Prize, Caltech's most prestigious teaching honor. Asteroid 11714 Mikebrown, discovered on 28 April 1998, was named in his honor.^[11] In 2012, Brown was awarded the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics.^[12]

Students and postdocs

Brown's former graduate students and postdocs include astrophysicists Adam Burgasser, Jean-Luc Margot, Chad Trujillo, Marc Kuchner,^[13] Antonin Bouchez, Emily Schaller,^[13] Darin Ragozzine,^[13] and Megan E. Schwamb.^[13]

Personal life

Brown married Diane Binney on March 1, 2003.^[14] They have one daughter, Lilah Binney Brown, born July 7, 2005.^[15]

See also

• Konstantin Batygin
• Planet Nine

Footnotes

Notes

References

• Wilkinson, Alex (2006-07-24). "The Tenth Planet". The New Yorker. p. 50. Retrieved 2012-07-30. 

External links

• Brown's homepage
• Michael E. Brown at the Internet Movie Database
• Michael E. Brown on Twitter
  
  (plutokiller)
• Mike Brown's planets Brown's blog
• Brown's Talk on How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming Part of the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series
• Works by or about Michael E. Brown in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Pluto
Geography (features)	Regions "Brass Knuckles" Krun Ala Balrog Vucub-Came Hun-Came Meng-p'o Cadejo Cthulhu Hayabusa Lowell Morgoth Pioneer Tombaugh Venera Viking Voyager Mountains Challenger Colles Coleta de Dados Colles Hillary Montes Norgay Montes Plains Sputnik Planitia Valleys and depressions Quidlivun Cavus Lineae Luna Linea General Atmosphere Geology
Moons	Charon (features) Regions Gallifrey Mordor Vulcan Mountains Kubrick Mons Chasms Nostromo Chasma Craters Ripley Crater Geology Geology Other moons Styx Nix Kerberos Hydra
Astronomy	Definition Alan Stern Definition of planet Double planet Dwarf planet IAU definition of planet International Astronomical Union Michael E. Brown Neil deGrasse Tyson Planet Plutino Plutoid Trans-Neptunian object Discovery Clyde Tombaugh James Christy Lowell Observatory Percival Lowell Planet X Roger Putnam Eclipses Solar eclipses on Pluto General Kuiper belt
Exploration	Current Hubble Space Telescope New Horizons Cancelled Pluto Fast Flyby/Pluto Kuiper Express Mariner Mark II Old proposals Voyager 1 TAU
Related	Fiction Mythology